材料和目标形状对多点拉形成形精度的影响分析

多点拉形是将整体拉形模具离散成多点模具,可以在一套多点拉形模具上实现不同形状零件的拉形,省去了模具的设计、制造等大量的生产成本,实现了蒙皮件的柔性成形。多点拉形主要适于成形小曲率、大变形的蒙皮件,材料和目标曲面形状都是影响多点拉形成形结果的重要因素。通过对3种材料成形不同曲率半径球形件的多点拉形过程进行数值分析,研究材料和成形件目标形状对多点拉形的影响。结果表明,在成形件中心区域的形状误差小于边缘区的形状误差,拉伸方向的形状误差大于垂直拉伸方向的误差,成形件的曲率半径越小,成形件的形状误差越大。     

Modeling of manufacturing processes with ANNs for intelligent manufacturing

Modern manufacturing often caters to rapidly changing product specifications determined by the continuously increasing productivity, flexibility and quality demands. Metal forming and machining are two important manufacturing processes in present day manufacturing. Automatic selection of tools and accessories in these processes heavily relies on forming force/cutting force estimation. Complex relationships exist between process parameters and these forces. In the present work, the applicability and relative effectiveness of Artificial Neural Network based models has been investigated for rapid estimation of these, invoking the function approximation capabilities of the ANN models. The results obtained are found to correlate well with the finite element simulation data in cases of metal forming, and experimental data in cases of metal cutting. This work has considerable implications in selection of the tools and on-line monitoring of tool wear. The actual forming and cutting forces can be compared with predicted ones to signal the onset of tool wear, and thus prevent damage to the tool and work piece during the course of manufacturing.     

Valuation method for effects of hot stamping process parameters on product properties using hot forming simulator

Hot stamping is one of the hot forming processes for manufacturing products of lightweight construction such as lightweight vehicles. Knowledge on the characteristics of the hot stamping process is significant in designing and optimizing the process conditions, dies and tools; however, until now, the characteristics of this process, such as the relationships between a product property and die temperature and between a product property and cooling rate, and the springback amount, have not been clarified consistently or precisely. A new valuation method used to measure the effects of hot stamping conditions on product properties as a function of process parameters is proposed in this paper. This method utilizes a hot forming simulator, which is a precision press with feedback temperature control and controlled cooling, and permits to know the various characteristics of the hot stamping process. Here, the basic construction of the proposed method is presented, and its application to the characterization of the hot stamping process of high-strength steel sheets, such as an evaluation of the changes in product properties upon varying the forming conditions and process parameters, is shown and discussed.     

Two-step method of forming complex shapes from sheet metal

A two-step method of forming a part and a method of designing a preform shape are being discussed. The part may be formed from lightweight material to an extent that would normally exceed the forming limits of the material if the part were attempted to be formed in one-step conventional stamping die. Critical areas including deep pockets and sharp radius areas of the final part are formed from a preform or intermediate shape part. The first forming step can be conducted by variety of sheet metal forming methods; the preformed blank is further formed in a fluid pressure forming process to a final part shape wherein broad radius areas and pockets of accumulated metal of the preform are formed into deep pockets and sharp corners of the final shape. Electrohydraulic forming technology is employed for the second forming step.     

智能与控制在塑性加工制备与成形中的应用

对材料制备与塑性加工方面的智能控制特点进行了介绍与分析。首先对钢铁、铜及铜合金管材连铸连轧过程控制加工特点进行了阐述 ,其次介绍了镁合金的“轧制 等通道角挤压 拉制”连续加工制备技术和镁合金薄板半固态双辊铸轧工艺。对于薄板增量加工成形技术 ,介绍了飞机整体壁板增量压弯技术、薄板单点无模增量成形技术和多点无模增量成形技术。讨论了薄板可动凹模液压成形技术、异型截面管件液压成形技术和细长杆件空间弯扭成形技术原理。最后对于微小件加工技术进行了简要介绍     

Numerical simulation of aluminum alloy ladder parts with viscous pressure forming

1　INTRODUCTIONTheeffectofstressstatesonaxisymmetricsheetformabilityhasbeenstudiedundertheconditionofsolidmetalpunchforming [14 ] ,andtheeffectofblankholderpressure (BHP) ,frictioncoefficientandpunchconfigurationonthestressstateshasbeenob tained .Becauseofthedisadvantagesofsolid punchforming ,newformingtechnologyisneededtoim provethestressstatesofthesheetinformingprocessandtomeettherequirementofforminglow plastici ty ,complexshapeparts .Viscouspressureforming(VPF)isarecentlydevelopedfle…     

DRC2000热模锻压力机优化设计

DRC2000热模锻压力机是在引进世界先进生产技术基础上,经过不断改进、完善,充分吸收MP、SP热模锻压力机的优点而设计的,具有重量轻、刚性好、传动平稳、结构可靠、导向精度高、维修操作方便等特点,用于进行成批大量的黑色和有色金属的模锻和精整锻件,锻件精度高,材料利用率高,生产率高,易实现自动化,同时对工人的操作技术要求低,噪声和振动小,是现代锻造生产不可缺少的高精锻设备。     

板料增量成形的研究进展

板料增量成形是采用简单模具对板料进行逐次塑性加工的一种工艺,不需要专用的模具就可以成形较为复杂的零件,同时还具有成形力小、柔性高的特点,特别适合多品种小批量零件的生产方式,因此得到国内外学者的重视。本文重点从板料的增量压弯成形、增量拉深胀形、增量微成形3个方面对板料增量成形的发展进行综述,还对板料增量成形工艺的发展前景进行了展望,指出进行理论创新、开发新的模拟软件、探索新的成形方案、开发增量成形新设备是发展趋势。     

钛合金空心风扇叶片成形三维有限元分析

随着高旁路涡扇发动机在军用、民用飞机上的应用,采用超塑成形/扩散连接(SPF/DB)技术制造大尺寸钛合金宽弦风扇叶片已经成为涡扇发动机的一项关键制造技术.钛合金空心风扇叶片的成形过程包括3个阶段:扭转成形、热成形、超塑成形.在本研究中,为了分析空心风扇叶片的成形过程,建立了一个三维有限元模型,钛合金的变形行为符合Backofen方程.通过三维有限元模型,分析扭转速率、热成形模具下落速度、超塑成形目标应变速率、板材与模具之间的摩擦系数、芯板和面板的厚度比等参数对成形力的影响规律.研究表明,随着扭转速度、热成形模具的下落速度、目标应变速率、板材厚度比的提高,成形力将提高,而摩擦系数对成形力的影响很小.     

基于冲压与数控渐进成形的复合成形

针对冲压工艺难以成形形状复杂板材件、冲压模具难以制造或加工成本高以及单独采用数控渐进成形加工效率低的问题,提出基于冲压工艺与数控渐进成形工艺相结合的复合成形方法,并给出了基于冲压与数控渐进成形的复合成形的数值模拟方法。采用冲压成形、数控渐进成形和复合成形3种成形方式,以有限元分析软件数值模拟分析同一形状板材件,对比分析数值模拟后的板材件的轮廓尺寸精度与厚度分布。结果可知,采用复合成形得到的板材件轮廓尺寸精度与厚度分布能够满足实际应用,所提出的复合成形方法具有可应用性。     

Thermo-mechanical coupled simulation of hot stamping components for process design

At present, hot stamping represents an innovative manufacturing process for forming of high strength steels, implying a sheet at austenite temperature being rapidly cooled down and formed into a die at the same time (quenching). This forming process is used for the manufacturing of automobile structural components with a strength of up to 1,500 MPa, thus enabling extensive cost savings and good crash performance. Better formability at elevated temperatures and lower springback are further advantages of parts formed by hot stamping. The Finite Element Analysis is an essential precondition for a good process design including all process parameters. This paper presents the finite element simulation of a hot stamping process by means of experimentally calculated material data and describes a number of procedures for the simulation of hot stamping, aiming at a notable decrease in computation time. For a faster calculation thermal and mechanical phenomena are decoupled in two simulation programs. The investigations presented in this paper are kindly supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG)—Research Unit FOR 552.     

补偿回弹的冲压件模具设计方法

回弹是金属板料冲压中的主要缺陷之一,它可以通过修正模具形状加以解决.基于对经过成形--回弹的有限元数值模拟,提出一种循环位移补偿回弹修正模具型面的方法.它基于对经过成形--回弹有限元数值模拟得到的成形工件与目标工件多次循环比较,用成形工件结点回弹位移修正实验模具形状,直到利用修正的模具能够换获得满意的工件为止.利用此方法对一小型三维铝合金板料冲压工件的冲压模具设计过程进行了数值模拟,结果表明,通过两次修正的模具可获得满意工件.并根据模拟得到的型面制作模具进行了实冲实验,证明此补偿回弹的模具修正法是有效的.     

人工神经网络在塑性成形领域中的应用研究

在概述人工神经网络发展及应用的基础上,综述了国内外神经网络在塑性成形领域中应用的现状,着重介绍了板材成形和模具设计与制造方面应用神经网络的现状。利用人工神经网络实现了板材拉深成形智能化控制过程中摩擦系数的实时识别,并对其进行了实验证,结果表明,神经网络模型能够很好地解决板材拉深成形智能化控制过程中摩擦系数的实时识别问题,实现整个拉深化过程的智能化控制。最后指出了当前人工神经网络研究与应用中的不足之处及今后的研究方向。     

板成形数值模拟影响因素的正交试验分析

根据正交试验原理，应用板料成形软件对不同压边力、模具与板料间摩擦系数、凸凹模间隙和板料初始尺寸进行数值模拟，将数值模拟的厚度同实际成形件的厚度进行比较，得出上述因素对前翼子板成形结果的影响，并预测了前翼子板较优的理论成形条件。     

Numerical simulation for the multi-point stretch forming process of sheet metal

Multi-point stretch forming (MPSF) is a flexible manufacturing technique to form large sheet panels of mild curvature. The traditional fixed shape-stretching die is replaced by a matrix of punch elements, and the sheet metal are stretch-formed over the multi-point stretching die (MPSD) generated by the punch element matrix. In this paper, extensive numerical simulations of the processes for stretching parabolic cylinder, toroidal saddle and sphere parts were carried out by dynamic explicit finite element analysis. The forming results using multi-point die were compared with those of using traditional die. The use of an elastic cushion to suppress dimpling of the part caused by the discrete punch elements was investigated along with a discussion of its influence on part shape accuracy. The effect of the size of punch element and the shape of MPSD on the shape accuracy of formed parts were analyzed. The results may provide useful guidance on determining MPSF parameters and optimizing MPSF manufacture processes.     

Influence of different plasma nitriding treatments on the wear and crack behavior of forging tools evaluated by Rockwell indentation and scratch tests

Forging tools are often showing short lifetimes compared to cold forming tools e.g. for sheet metal forming. This is based on the process conditions where high local surface temperatures are alternating with chilling conditions due to the spray cooling with water based cooling lubricants. The resulting thermal shock is provoking fatigue of the tool material in the near surface regions. Crack initiation and crack growth due to thermal shock exposure then causes chipping of the tool steel material in the surface regions. These are starting points for extensive wear.Hardness and wear resistance of tool surfaces at elevated temperatures can be dramatically enhanced with nitriding pretreatments. This has become state-of-the-art for hot forming tool steels in many forging applications. With inappropriate adjustments of the nitriding parameters a decrease of the ductility can occur and will reduce the crack resistance of the tool surface especially under thermal shock conditions.The hot working steel DIN-1.2367 (X38CrMoV5) is currently one of the most often used chromium-molybdenum tool steels in the field of forging. Exemplary for this material is the influence of the nitriding parameters like temperature, nitrogen supply and plasma parameters on the nitriding depth, the maximum hardness and the crack sensitivity will be discussed.Nitrided samples will be investigated with methods developed for the adhesion measurement of hard coatings. It could be shown that this is also appropriate for a qualification of the crack sensitivity of tools. Comparative application tests in the production of automotive components show the influence on the wear behavior and lifetime of forging tools in an industrial environment.     

工业铝合金汽车覆盖件的超塑成形研究

采用工业铝合金 5 1 82就一款汽车上的前挡泥板零件进行了超塑成形的试验研究。根据零件的形状特点确定使用超塑气压胀形工艺 ,并进行了模具型腔曲面设计和模具结构设计。应用数值模拟的方法对型腔曲面设计进行了优化 ,使预测出成形零件所需的变形量处在材料的变形能力之内。最终的成形试验结果表明 ,成形工艺和模具设计合理可行。     

马鞍形板材件多点“三明治”成形实验研究

多点“三明治”成形是一种针对小批量多曲率板材工件制造而提出的新成形方法。用该方法成形时,上模采用聚氨酯模具,下模为型面可调节的多点模具。为了使多点模具型面连续化和消除工件表面的压痕,在成形过程中使用了金属护板和弹性垫板。由于工件板材两侧都和聚氨酯相接触,因此成形后工件的表面质量好。为了研究采用多点“三明治”成形复杂三维曲面工件的成形过程以及成形可能会出现的表面缺陷,文章选用马鞍面作为目标形面进行了实验研究,提出了用于提高工件的贴模程度,通过改变上模形状的分步成形方法,并得到了Q235B板材厚度和可成形马鞍形工件深度之间的关系曲线。     

多点技术在飞机板类部件制造中的应用

多点技术是一种机电一体化的柔性制造技术,其核心是高度由计算机控制的基本体单元。多个基本体单元紧密排列在一起,构成型面可变的多点模具,用于板类零件成形。由于多点模具型面可由计算机任意调整,可代替传统模具用于不同形状的飞机板类部件的对压成形、蒙皮拉形等。基本体单元按照一定距离排列在一起,构成多点柔性工装,不仅可用于飞机大型板类零件成形后的测量、切割等操作的支撑与定位,还可用于飞机部件的柔性装配过程。应用多点技术,可以实现飞机板类部件生产过程的数字化。     

基于快速测量的曲面多点成形精度控制

在板类件多点成形中,由于板料回弹、工件定位等因素,成形后的工件曲面与目标模型之间存在误差。文章通过激光快速扫描测量获得成形后工件的三维形状点云数据,经平滑去噪后,用对异常点不敏感的鲁棒最小二乘法进行B样条曲面拟合。将重构的曲面与目标模型配准计算后将曲面误差反馈到多点CAD系统,根据该误差进行回弹补偿、闭环修正工件曲面误差,并给出应用实例。结果表明,基于快速测量的曲面多点成形精度控制技术充分利用了多点成形的快速性的特点,通过三维空间形状反馈,来提高多点成形的精度。