Novel Utilization of the Dielectric Resonator Antenna as an Oscillator Load

For the first time, the idea of using the dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) as an oscillator load, named as DRAO, is presented in this paper. Unlike the conventional dielectric resonator oscillator (DRO), where the DR was merely used as a resonator, the DR here serves as both the radiating and oscillating loads. In addition, a compact tri-function hollow DR that incorporates the packaging function to the above dual function is demonstrated. The design procedures of the dual- and tri-function DRAOs are discussed. For demonstration, the DRAOs are designed at 1.85 GHz, which is used in the popular personal communications system (PCS). The return losses, input impedances, antenna gains, signal spectrums, phase noise, and radiation patterns of the two DRAOs are presented. It is shown that the loaded Q_L factor of the DRA can be increased by internally embedding a compact metallic cavity to the DR. It is found that with a higher loaded Q_L factor, the phase noise of the antenna oscillator using the hollow DRA (tri-function DRAO) is better than that using a solid DRA (dual-function DRAO).     

Low profile equilateral-triangular dielectric resonator antenna ofvery high permittivity

An aperture-coupled equilateral-triangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) of very high permittivity (ϵ_r=82) is investigated experimentally. The triangular DRA is more compact in size than rectangular and circular disk DRAs operating at the same frequency. The impedance matching, radiation patterns and antenna gain of the triangular DRA are presented     

Performance Analysis of a Low Profile Hybrid Antenna for Broadband Applications

In this paper, a low profile dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is proposed and investigated. To achieve the broad impedance bandwidth the proposed antenna geometry combines the dielectric resonator antenna and an underlying microstrip-fed slot with a narrow rectangular notch, which effectively broadens the impedance bandwidth by merging the resonances of slot and DRA. The physical insight gained by the detailed parametric study has led to find out a set of guidelines for designing the antennas for any particular frequency band. The design guidelines have been verified by simulating a set of antennas designed for different frequency bands. For validation, a prototype antenna is fabricated and tested experimentally. The measured results show that the proposed DRA offers an impedance bandwidth of about \(125.34\%\) from 1.17 to 5.1 GHz with reasonable gain between 3.5 and 5.7 dBi. The volume of the proposed DRA is \(0.16\lambda _{dr}^{3}\), where \(\lambda _{dr}\) is the wavelength at center operating frequency of the DR. A comprehensive study on bandwidth shows that the proposed DRA provides maximum bandwidth in terms of the DR volume (\(\hbox {BW}/V_{dr}\)) and the DR height (\(\hbox {BW}/h_{dr}\)) than the other similar reported work on hybrid wideband DRA designs.     

Multi-criteria design methodology of a dielectric resonator antenna with jumping genes evolutionary algorithm

A novel evolutionary computing algorithm, jumping genes evolutionary algorithm (JGEA) is used for designing a dielectric resonator antenna with multiple parasitic strips. This scheme provides an effective methodology for the antenna design, searching for the necessary parameters to achieve the optimal performance. The obtained non-dominated solutions for the antenna configurations have been used to select and determine the appropriate impedance bandwidth and radiation pattern. In the LP DRA optimization, the impedance bandwidth of 21% has been achieved. In the CP DRA optimization, the antenna can be designed to achieve the operation frequency ranged from 3 to 4.2 GHz. The results show enhancement of impedance bandwidth and the CP operation frequency range comparing with the original designs.     

Dual band dielectric resonator antenna for wireless application

The proposed technique is an integration of a slot antenna and a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA). This is designed without compromising miniaturisation and efficiency. It is observed that the integration of slot and dielectric structure itself may be merged to achieve extremely wide bandwidth over which the antenna polarisation and radiation pattern are preserved. Here the effect of slot size on the radiation performance of the DRA is studied. The antenna structure is simulated using the CST software. The simulated results are presented and compared with the measured result. This DRA has a gain of 7.1 and 6.3?dBi at 5.7 and 8.1?GHz, respectively, its 10?dB return impedance bandwidth of nearly 4.5% and 5.5% at two resonating frequencies. A total of 98% efficiency has been achieved from the configuration. It is shown that the size of the slot can significantly affect the radiation properties of the DRA and there are good agreements between simulation and measured results.     

一种基于折合式平面反射阵天线的毫米波高增益滤波天线

提出了一种基于折合式平面反射阵天线的毫米波高增益滤波天线设计方法,将极化敏感的频率选择表面替代传统的极化栅,用作折合式平面反射阵天线的副反射面.基于基片集成波导技术设计了极化敏感的频率选择表面,该频率选择表面对于线性极化入射波情况下具有较低的插入损耗,同时可几乎全反射对应正交极化的入射波.得益于频率选择表面的频率选择特...     

Low-Profile Air-Filled Antenna for Next Generation Wireless Systems

In this study, a novel design of insensitive antenna with improved radiation performance is designed and investigated. The antenna exhibits excellent performance in terms of impedance-matching, radiation and total efficiencies, even though it is designed and fabricated using high loss substrate (FR) with compact dimension. An L-shaped metal-ring resonator has been used as a main resonator of the antenna to operate at 18.5 GHz. In order to improve the antenna performance, a part of substrate with L-shaped configuration has been removed and a metal ring structure is inserted. By using this technique, we can improve the efficiency characteristic of the antenna and eliminate the effect of high-loss FR-4 substrate. The center frequency of the designed antenna can be controlled by adjusting the values of the antenna parameters. Since the main substrate of the resonator is the air, the antenna is insensitive for different types of antenna substrates. It has the return loss characteristic less than ?10 dB in the frequency range of 17.5–19.5 GHz (more than 10% fractional bandwidth). The antenna has a very compact size with good radiation behavior and could be used in phased array antennas for next generation systems.     

基于介质片加载实现MIMO介质谐振器天线解耦

提出了一种通过在介质谐振器(DR)上表面侧边加载介质片(DS)来实现1×2 MIMO介质谐振器天线(DRA)解耦的新方法。1×2 MIMO DRA采用双层介质基板结构以优化阻抗匹配特性和辐射特性,两DR的边到边间距为0,天线工作在毫米波频段。所加载的DS使得DR内的场重新分布并向DS加载区域以及DS内集中,从而减弱耦合到另一DR单元的场强以实现解耦效果。基于ANSYS HFSS的仿真结果表明天线的-10 dB阻抗匹配带宽为25.6%(22.75～29.43 GHz),带内最大实现了30 dB的隔离度的增强。     

Complex resonance and radiation of hemisphericaldielectric-resonator antenna with a concentric conductor

The probe-fed hemispherical dielectric-resonator antenna (DRA) with a concentric conductor is studied theoretically in this paper. Using the mode-matching method, the exact Green's functions for evaluation of the input impedance and radiation patterns are found, with the functions presented in computationally efficient forms. The moment method is used to determine the probe current and, hence, the input impedance as well as the radiation patterns. The results are verified by special cases available in the literature. In this paper, the effects of the conductor radius, dielectric constant, probe length, and probe displacement on the input impedance are investigated. The theory is very general and, by taking appropriate limits, can be used to study the solid DRA and the conductor-loaded wire antenna. To aid the DRA design engineer, the TE₁₁₁-mode characteristic equation of the DRA is also studied, from which the simple formulas for the resonant frequency and Q-factor are obtained     

Circularly polarized co-designed filtering annular slot antenna

In this paper, a compact circularly polarized co-designed filtering annular slot antenna (ASA) is proposed. The antenna comprises a distributed capacitor-loaded annular slot radiator to produce circular polarization (CP) radiation, which is seamlessly integrated with a microstripline bandpass filter (BPF) to enhance out-of-CP-band suppression. Two tightly coupled arc branches protruding into the annular slot are used to provide the required perturbation capacitance. The filter is designed by employing three concentric arc-shaped coupled microstripline resonators. The ground plane is shared by the annular slot radiator and the filter to reduce size occupation. It is found that the proposed antenna can not only yield high frequency selectivity, but also obtain widened CP bandwidth under the assistance of the filtering circuit. An antenna prototype has been fabricated and measured, showing that the antenna achieves a 10 dB return loss impedance bandwidth of around 13.7%, enclosing a 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of more than 10.6%. Details of design considerations and experimental results are presented and discussed.     

On the Dual-Band DRA-Slot Hybrid Antenna

A dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is placed on top of a slotted cavity to form a hybrid dual-band antenna. The zonal slot cut onto the cavity is fed by an embedded L-probe, whereas the DRA is fed by a coupling rectangular slot cut on the top face of the cavity. It is found that the resonance frequencies of the zonal slot and DRA are primarily dependent on the zonal slot and the DRA, respectively, which greatly facilitates the dual-band design. To demonstrate the idea, the proposed hybrid dual-band antenna is designed for IEEE802.11a/b WLAN applications. The reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, and gain of the dual-band antenna are studied, and the simulation and measurement are in reasonable agreement. A parametric study of the proposed configuration was carried out to characterize the antenna.     

Filtenna Consisting of Horn Antenna and Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavity FSS

An integrated module with filtering and radiation performance realized by covering substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity frequency selective surface (FSS) at aperture of horn antenna has been investigated in this paper. The module has functions of bandpass filter and horn antenna, so it is called a "filtering antenna" (filtenna). It is very suitable for applications in military platforms where FSS is used for antennas and radars' radar cross section (RCS) reduction. The filtenna is simulated and optimized with CST software and its performance is verified by experiments. From simulated and measured results it can be found that the proposed structure keeps characteristics of return loss, radiation pattern and gain of the horn antenna within desired frequency band, meanwhile presents effective reflection to interference signals at out-band. Using this structure the volume and cost of communication systems in military platforms can be effectively reduced     

Excitation of dielectric resonator antenna using a soldered-throughprobe

A soldered-through probe is used to excite the dielectric resonator antenna (DRA). A cylindrical ring DRA is used to demonstrate the feasibility of this excitation method. The return loss, radiation pattern, and antenna gain of the new configuration are studied     

Triple Mode Use of a Single Dielectric Resonator

A single dielectric resonator is used for a triple mode operation in filtering and dual band radiation purposes. A high unloaded quality factor over 2300 at 2.43 GHz is obtained simultaneously with both broadside and omni-directional radiation patterns of 7% and 8% bandwidths around 2.47 and 3.36 GHz, respectively. Series of parametric studies are developed to tune the filter's operating frequency range, to enhance its insertion loss and to obtain a sharp filtering skirt behavior. Finally, measurements of both filter insertion loss and antenna return loss, coupling coefficients and radiation patterns are illustrated for further verification.      

Low-profile circular disk DR antenna of very high permittivityexcited by a microstripline

A microstripline-fed dielectric resonator (DR) antenna disk of very high permittivity is investigated experimentally. The configuration has the advantage of being low-profile and allows the ground plane to be arbitrarily thick for mechanical support and/or heatsink purposes. The return loss, radiation patterns, and antenna gain of the configuration are studied and compared with those of the aperture-coupled version     

Rectangular dielectric resonator antenna for ultrawideband applications

A new dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is introduced for ultrawideband applications. A rectangular dielectric resonator, a bevel feeding patch and an airgap between the DR and ground plane are used to obtain an ultrawideband impedance bandwidth. The effective dielectric constant and the Q-factor can be reduced by using the airgap and the bevel-shaped feeding mechanism, which can provide a smooth transition from one resonant mode to another. Measured results demonstrate that the proposed DRA has a wide bandwidth from 2.6 to 11 GHz with VSWR less than two, covering the frequency range of more than 120%. Experimental and numerical results are carried out and discussed, showing good agreement.     

基于复合左右手传输线的2.45 GHz微带天线设计

基于复合左右手传输线基本原理, 提出了电磁带隙结构的双负媒质微带天线设计方法, 并制作了2.45 GHz的微带天线.该微带天线由2个单元的电磁带隙组成, 此电磁带隙结构经过优化采用非均匀结构, 可通过调整贴片尺寸和金属过孔半径来改变电磁带隙结构单元等效电路的并联部分电容和电感, 进而调节天线的谐振频率.设计并制作的微带天线其贴片整体尺寸为53.2 mm×19.8 mm, 在2.45 GHz的回波损耗为-32.6 dB, 方向图近似为8字形方向图, 最大增益为0.72 dB.仿真和测试的回波损耗、方向图符合得很好, 从而验证了这种设计方法的有效性.     

基于多模谐振器的双通带滤波器

提出了一种新型的开路/短路T形枝节圆环谐振器,通过奇偶模理论对其进行了分析,电磁仿真软件进行了仿真计算,设计了一款工作于P波段(中心频率为0.4 GHz)和L(中心频率为1.2GHz)波段,分数带宽为40%和16.26%的双通带滤波器。该滤波器具有损耗小、体积小、易集成设计等优点,该双通带滤波器及设计方法将来可广泛应用于高集成度的雷达天线阵面网络中。     

A wideband high gain dielectric resonator antenna for RF energy harvesting application

A novel high gain and broadband hybrid dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is designed and experimentally validated. To obtain the wide impedance bandwidth, the proposed antenna geometry combines the dielectric resonator antenna and an underlying slot with a narrow rectangular notch, which effectively broadens the impedance bandwidth by merging the resonances of the slot and DRA. An inverted T-shaped feed line is used to excite both antennas, simultaneously. It supports amalgamation of different resonant modes of the both, DRA and slot antenna. The measured results show that the proposed antenna offers an impedance bandwidth of 120% from 1.67 to 6.7 GHz. The antenna gain is next enhanced by a reflector placed below the antenna at an optimum distance. On engineering the height and dimension of this reflector the antenna gain is improved from 2.2 dBi to 8.7 dBi at 1.7 GHz. Finally, antenna operation is attested experimentally with a rectifier circuit in the frequency range of 1.8–3.6 GHz, where various strong radio signals are freely available for RF energy harvesting. The measured maximum efficiency of the rectifier and rectenna circuit were found to be 74.4% and 61.4%, respectively.     

太赫兹波段复合型FSS带通滤波器的分析与设计

利用谱域法对频率选择表面 (frequency selective surface,FSS) 结构进行理论分析,设计了中心频率为0.338 THz工作在大气通信窗口的复合型FSS带通滤波器。该滤波器是对圆环槽单元滤波器进行改进,增加了三极子单元,通过研究结构参数对滤波性能的影响关系,进行结构优化。实验表明,该滤波器综合滤波性能更好,3 dB带宽可以达到69.5 GHz,回波损耗小于-13.46 dB,带内插入损耗小于0.45 dB,带内纹波低到0.1 dB,且通带平坦,有较好的带外抑制和矩形系数,边带比较陡峭。同时该滤波器在不同极化波和相同极化波不同入射角度入射时都有很好的频率稳定性,能有效地用于太赫兹通信。