铝粉形态学特征对Al/KClO4燃烧性能的影响

铝粉形态学特征是影响含铝点火药燃烧性能的关键因素.采用差示扫描量热法研究了不同形貌和粒度的铝粉在Al/ KClO4点火药体系的热分解行为及燃烧反应机理,得到了体系晶形转化、熔化、界面液相反应、气相氧化4个阶段的热分解反应方程式;从热分解温度、燃烧热、燃烧速度3个方面,分析了铝粉形态学特征对点火药燃烧性能的影响,得到了体...     

一新型聚合物粘合烟火点火药的研究

在英国，不是用导火索而是用火硝纸点燃某些烟火药。缓慢燃烧的火硝纸通过一种点火药点燃粉末状主装烟火药。最近发现粉末状点火药在贮存和搬运期间往往会从火硝纸中漏出来。这样由于点火药数量减少而导致主装烟火药的点火能力下降。为了克服泄漏并改进粉末点火药的点火能力，在其中加入了3－12％的聚合物粘合剂。已经研究了六种聚合物粘合剂－乙烯醇／乙酸树脂，间苯二酚树脂，聚酯／苯乙烯树脂，环氧树脂，聚丁二烯和乙基纤维素。并测定聚合物粘合剂点火药的固化时间、燃烧速度、燃烧时间、残余物％、燃烧热、点火和预先点火温度。我们发现，聚酯／苯乙烯树脂、聚丁二烯在该项研究限定的时间和温度内难以固化。点火药的燃烧速度和残余物的重量百分比随着粘合剂浓度的增加而分别降低和增设高。同时也发现点火药的燃烧速度取决于加入配方的聚合物粘合剂的类型。还发现聚合物预点火反应[PIR]温度的降低会导致点火药燃烧速度的增加。发现含有间苯二酚树旨3％的点火药能很好地胶合在火纸内，从而避免了泄漏，具有最低的预点火反应温度和最快的燃烧速度。     

一种刺激型混合炸药的制备及性能研究

采用新型控暴剂合成辣椒素(PAVA),制备了一种刺激型混合炸药,采用溶液吸收法、差示扫描量热法、压力传感器法、热加速老化法等手段研究了混合炸药的有效利用率、相容性、自发火温度及安定性、长期贮存稳定性、感度、挥发分、吸湿性等参数。结果表明该混合炸药成型性好、活性组分有效利用率高、烟云刺激效应强、质量稳定性好、使用安全,是未来控暴弹药的主装药剂之一。     

含能材料相容性评定方法研究进展

含能材料相容性是评价其贮存安定性与使用可靠性的重要指标。综述了含能材料相容性6种评定方法:气体分析法、热分析法、机械感度测试法、自然贮存实验法、分子动力学模拟法以及红外光谱法;其中气体分析法主要有真空安定性法、布氏压力计法和动态真空安定性法;热分析法主要有差式扫描量热法、差热分析法、恒温热失重法和微量热计法。分析并比较了各种方法的优缺点及适应性,在此基础上指出由于含能材料相容性本身的复杂性及各种评定方法自身的缺陷性,同时采用两种或多种方法研究其相容性才具有更准确的参考价值。     

布氏压力计法评估炸药寿命的判据研究

针对布氏压力计法评估炸药贮存寿命的判据问题,分别以0.05%和0.1%分解深度为终点指标,按照Berthelot方程进行线性回归,获得了32种炸药在不同温度(25～50℃)下的贮存寿命比对结果,发现存在两种情况:(1)对于大多数炸药,同一温度下,以0.05%分解深度为终点判据预估的贮存寿命小于以0.1%分解深度预估的贮存寿命,但却会出现以前者评估出的贮存寿命超短的现象;(2)对于极少数炸药,接近室温时,同一温度下以0.05%分解深度为终点判据预估的贮存寿命大于以0.1%分解深度预估的贮存寿命,但随着温度的升高,以0.05%分解深度预估的贮存寿命又重新小于以0.1%分解深度预估的贮存寿命。产生差异的原因在于,各温度下所选用的数据点是否均处于炸药等速分解期内。结果表明,以炸药处于等速分解期时的分解深度作为布氏压力计法评估炸药贮存寿命的终点判据更具有科学意义。     

含KBH_4点火药的制备及其性能研究

为寻找新型高能环保点火药,将KBH4作为新型点火药的可燃剂,使用传统机械混合法制备含粘合剂和不含粘合剂的点火药,并对两种含KBH4的点火药的热性能、爆热、感度等进行研究。实验结果表明:含KBH4的新型点火药输出能量较高、相容性好,对火焰和静电火花钝感,加入氟橡胶有效地改善了药剂机械感度和摩擦感度。     

电雷管热封覆膜包装安全性分析

针对影响有加热热源的自动化包装设备生产安全的主要问题,对电雷管热封覆膜包装的安全性进行分析.介绍电雷管包装主要工艺流程,对实现包装盒密封自动化的3维包装机和热收缩包装机2种设备进行对比,得出在工业电雷管的自动包装过程中,采用3维包装机实现热封覆膜相对安全;建立热封覆膜的热传导数学模型,推导出其包装盒内最高温度点温度,并进行耐温性安全分析.分析结果表明:使用热封的方式实现电雷管盒的表面覆膜满足工业雷管耐温性能要求,具有安全性和可行性.     

单基药弹道性能差异原因的分析

密闭爆发器试验是分析火药燃烧规律的重要手段.本文通过对同种类型长期贮存的发射药和不同温度下人工加温老化药的密闭爆发器试验,获得了弹道特性参数和陡度曲线的差异,并结合其理化性能进行分析,说明由于单基药理化性能的变化而引起发射药表面结构的变化是影响火药燃烧规律,进而影响弹道性能变化的主要因素.     

发射药与贫铀合金及电镀层的外相容性研究

发射药和包装材料在贮存过程中会自然地释放或分解出气体.通过加速试验,研究了不同温度和相对湿度条件下,这些材料及其挥发性气氛与贫铀合金材料和Ni/Zn电镀层的外相容性.试验结果表明上述材料与贫铀合金相容.     

点火药燃烧红外热成像技术的测试研究

选用3种高能点火药,利用全数字动态红外热像分析系统进行燃烧温度的测定,研究了高能点火药燃烧的温度场,得到了燃烧温度的时空分布、火焰大小的判读等.通过比较,掌握了3种点火药在不同组分下的燃烧温度变化规律及燃烧稳定性,得到3种点火药在不同磷铁比例时的最高燃烧温度.     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.     

Experimental Research on Output Performances of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator

The paper introduces the performances of magnetostrictive actuators and its applications, discusses the design methods for the structure and internal magnetic circuit of a giant magnetostrictive actuator, and makes tests on the output displacement and force characteristics for an actuator using homemade magnetostrictive material. The experimental result shows that the actuator has satisfactory output precisions and ranges in transient and stable states, and can be used in lowfrequency vibration control system of precise equipment.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.