反渗透技术在菲律宾ILIJAN电厂水处理系统中的应用

介绍了反渗透技术在菲律宾ILIJAN电厂水处理系统中的应用情况,重点介绍了ILIJAN电厂水处理系统中的反渗透膜更换为Vontron反渗透膜后的运行情况。     

反渗透技术在海水淡化工程中的应用

淡水资源短缺已经成为世界性的难题,各个国家和地区加强海水淡化的研究,采用技术不断提高海水有效利用率,从而缓解水资源短缺现状。反渗透海水淡化技术是一种高效、节能、先进的液体分离技术,已作为重要的主流技术应用在脱盐领域,其突出的特点是成本低。本文论述了反渗透技术和反渗透海水淡化工艺,着重介绍了目前反渗透海水淡化技术的国内外工程应用现状,并提出了对我国反渗透海水淡化技术未来发展的看法。     

国产超滤膜在海水淡化预处理中的应用分析

水污染和水资源短缺已成为制约社会进步和经济发展的世界性问题,海水淡化是解决全球水资源短缺的重要战略手段之一,有着广阔的开发前景。海水淡化处理是一项系统工程,工程环节具有多样化特征,淡化过程中需要选择先进合理的组合工艺进行预处理,便于降低海水淤塞指数SDI和浊度等相关指标,有效提供优质稳定的进水,为反渗透长期、安全、稳定运行提供坚实保障。本文就海水淡化预处理工艺中国产超滤膜的应用情况进行分析,积极推动国产超滤膜性能优化,提升超滤膜产水量,满足新时期海水淡化系统设计运行的需要。     

国外海水反渗透淡化技术现状及未来

本文简要地介绍国外海水反渗透淡化技术的某些进展。膜的制作技术已相当地完善,有的公司膜组件脱盐率高达９９．６％,甚至达到９９．９％,海水淡化工厂规模日益扩大。海水ＲＯ给水预处理采用非连续和加氯杀菌工艺,定期用产水反冲洗等工艺,使设备利用率提高到９５％以上。     

核电站海水淡化系统反渗透膜的在线清洗

反渗透膜的污染是反渗透系统应用中最大的问题之一。及时的清洗可有效地恢复反渗透膜的性能、延长其使用寿命。本文以某核电站海水反渗透项目为例,对海水反渗透膜的在线清洗技术进行了介绍。实践表明,定期的物理清洗和适当的化学清洗可以保证海水反渗透装置的良好运行。     

太阳能在海水淡化产业中的应用与研究进展

太阳能蒸馏技术与太阳能反渗透技术是太阳能在海水淡化产业中主要的应用形式.从本质上讲,前者是利用太阳能的光热转换,而后者是利用太阳能的光电转换.文章从上述两个方面出发,综述了近几个世纪以来太阳能在海水淡化产业中的应用与研究进展,并对该产业下一步的发展进行了初步展望.     

反渗透海水淡化技术在舰船上的应用

海水淡化是维持舰船所需淡水供应和补充的唯一途径。阐述了反渗透海水淡化技术在反渗透膜、预处理和能量回收装置等关键技术上的发展,介绍了反渗透海水淡化技术在舰船上的应用。     

压力交换式能量回收器在反渗透海水淡化技术中的应用

在反渗透海水淡化系统中，高压系统中采用压力交换式能量回收器，大大地降低海水淡化的能耗。压力交换式能量回收器的能量回收效率达到95％以上，本文从其工作原理和反渗透海水淡化设计上阐述其应用的优点。     

国外船用反渗透海水淡化装置

船舶日常生产及动力装置的淡水供应问题是涉及舰船续航力和部队战斗力的关键课题。本文简要介绍了几种船用海水淡化装置的性能；分析和评价了ＲＯ法与蒸发法制取淡水的优缺点：提出了ＲＯ船用装置设计与运行的某些性能特点以及ＲＯ装置船舶应用的前景。     

海水淡化反渗透系统中的膜用化学品

针对反渗透海水淡化系统中膜化学品使用的必要性，简介了国内外反渗透膜化学品（清洗剂、阻垢剂和杀生剂）的研究、生产和应用现状，分析了膜化学品的发展趋势和市场前景，提出在目前大力发展海水淡化事业的背景下，我国膜化学品的开发和应用研究应该同步跟进，从而促进我国膜技术和海水淡化产业的发展。     

Reliability of the jeddah seawater RO desalination plant based upon operations experience

Demand on commercial RO seawater desalination plants can be assured with increase in reliability and with high levels of performance. Such improvements can best be achieved through “lessons learned” from experience gained in available RO systems such as the large Jeddah RO plant.In this study, critical components which affect plant performance have been identified and methods of improving the design have been recommended. Failure data has been extracted from operation and maintenance reports.An assessment is made of the impact of failures and outages on the availability of the RO desalination plant. The single largest influence on the effective capacity of a water supply system based on RO desalination of seawater is found to be plant availability and maintainability. The design configuration of the plant is also found to have an impact on the acceptability of water supply system performance.     

Seasonal fouling on seawater desalination RO membrane

A pilot study has been performed to investigate the seasonal characteristic of seawater reverse osmosis (RO) membrane fouling. Two batches of experiment during summer and winter were both performed 18 days to provide a clear picture on microbial population variability. The feed water of the pilot from seawater desalination plant has significant difference in temperature and silica content between the two seasons.In our experiments, scaling and biofouling are more serious in summer. And the permeate flux decline is closely related to the rise in microbial population, and it was dominated by cell multiplication rather than adhesion. In addition, the summer cell multiplication is much more abundant. Moreover, the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) feature intensity detected by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was also stronger in summer. The abundant EPS was one of the major reasons to cause the inorganic matter adsorption. Si, Al, Fe, Ca and Mg were found as the major inorganic foulants deposited on the Ro membranes. Silica and calcium in summer appeared obvious higher amounts than that in winter, which indicated that they should be affected by microbial action directly or indirectly more than other elements.In summary, there exists a seasonal effect on membrane scaling and fouling, and scaling is associated with biofouling in some degree. Further researches could be focus on actual association between microbial action and inorganic fouling.     

沸石膜在海水淡化及含盐废水处理中的应用

目前工业淡化技术主要采用有机高分子分离膜材料,但有机膜材料存在使用寿命短、易污染、生化稳定性低且再生困难等缺点,严重阻碍了淡化技术的发展。而化学稳定性好且脱盐分离性能优异的沸石膜可能成为海水淡化和复杂含盐废水处理中有机膜的替代材料。对利用新型沸石膜材料进行海水淡化和含盐废水处理的相关研究进行了综述,该类技术可以有效弥补有机膜脱盐技术中存在的不足。     

短流程反渗透海水淡化预处理试验研究

针对我国沿海水质的特点,开发了集浸没式超滤及絮凝反应为一体的短流程反渗透海水淡化预处理设备,并进行了中试试验。结果表明,处理后产水水质可达到后续反渗透进水要求,SDI15<1%,浊度<0.1 NTU,并可以在33⁴0 L/(m40 L/(m²·h)的高通量下保持6个月稳定运行,可以应用于反渗透海水淡化系统的预处理过程中。     

短流程反渗透海水淡化预处理试验研究

针对我国沿海水质的特点,开发了集浸没式超滤及絮凝反应为一体的短流程反渗透海水淡化预处理设备,并进行了中试试验。结果表明,处理后产水水质可达到后续反渗透进水要求,SDI151%,浊度0.1 NTU,并可以在33~40 L/(m~2·h)的高通量下保持6个月稳定运行,可以应用于反渗透海水淡化系统的预处理过程中。     

Economic optimal control applied to a solar seawater desalination plant

This paper discusses the formulation of an optimal control strategy taking into account economic objectives in the fresh water production process through a solar seawater desalination plant. It contributes both a linearised model of the solar-field dynamics and a simplified model of the produced distillate as a function of the outlet solar field water temperature. Then such linear models are used to design an economic receding horizon optimal controller. In particular, it comprises incomes related to the production of fresh water and the costs dealing with the electricity. Several simulations validate the proposed models and show the performance of the proposed economic optimal control strategy. In both cases, actual disturbances from physical experiments have been included in the simulations. Notice that the AQUASOL facility available at the Plataforma Solar de Almería (Spain) has been considered in this work as testbed.     

Seawater pretreatment by continuous sand filter for seawater RO (reverse osmosis) desalination plant

Sand filtration is conventionally applied to the preteatment of raw seawater in the RO desalination plant to maintain the seawater quality within the low SDI (Silt Density Index) level. However, the conventional fixed bed type has some difficulties of unstability of the filtrate quality in the backwash period and complicated operation sequence. In solving these difficulties, the applicability of the continuous sand filter has been studied with four years operation at Kure, Japan.The operational result shows that the filtrate is kept in the SDI level of four (4) which is applicable to the seawater RO desalination plant.This continuous sand filter has the advantage of stability, operation and energy saving as compared with the conventional batch type so that our developed continuous sand filter will improve plant economics for the seawater RO desalination plant.     

Cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

Experimental data on reverse osmosis using a sodium chloride solution by cellulose triacetate membranes are presented. The investigation involved studies on the composition of membrane casting solutions and their effects on the performance. A higher polymer concentration (11–13%) is found suitable for production of a uniform and highly salt rejecting membrane. Salt rejection of 99.0% and 4–5 GFD product water flux were obtained at 1000 psi operating pressure using 30,000 ppm TDS seawater in the initial experiments.     

Characteristics of RO foulants in a brackish water desalination plant

This study identified the membrane fouling of a two-stage RO process of the Bai-sha brackish water desalination plant facing serious fouling problems. Two membrane modules, one from each stage, were autopsied and diagnosed for the cause for the failure of the RO system. Different morphologies were exhibited on the fouled membrane. Results suggested that the fouling on the first-stage membrane tended to be organic and biological, while that on the second-stage membrane appeared to be scaling. Higher than 85% of the foulants on the first stage membrane were organic substances in opposed to the 5 to 8% of those on the second stage membrane. However, the total organic matter on the second stage membrane was more than that on the first stage one. The thick layer of scalants on the surface of the second-stage membrane was identified to be calcium carbonate of which the crystal was clearly seen in the SEM images. The scaling was thickest at the outlet of the membrane. Huge amount of microbes were found on both membranes. The FTIR results also suggested the existence of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) on the first stage membrane. This study recommended that the recovery rate, pH and the potential for bio-fouling should be defined at the real operation.