盐类浓度对油酸咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀率的影响

针对油田污水富含钙、镁、钠等盐类的现状,合成了油酸咪唑啉季铵盐,采用电化学极化法和静态失重法测试了其缓蚀性能,并采用电化学极化法考察了强酸腐蚀介质中氯化钙、氯化镁及氯化钠3种盐的浓度对该缓蚀剂缓蚀率的影响。结果表明:该缓蚀剂是一种以阳极抑制为主的混合型缓蚀剂;在1mol·L-1 HCl溶液中,当缓蚀剂浓度为5mg·L-1时,N80钢片的腐蚀速率和缓蚀剂的缓蚀率趋于稳定;随着介质中盐类浓度的增大,缓蚀剂的缓蚀率逐渐减小。分析认为,缓蚀率减小的原因可能是由于介质的电导率增大,导致腐蚀速率加快。     

The effect of electrolytes on soil redeposition in laboratory and laundry practice

Conclusions 1. Fatty acid soaps and pure synthetic detergents have a far greater suspending power for Aquadag soil than either of these types when used in the presence of inorganic salts. 2. Any inorganic salts of the type of sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, calcium, or magnesium salts, the common alkali or phosphate builders, all tend to cause deposition when used alone or with surface-active materials. 3. Fatty acid soaps are self-protecting against hard water salt effects. 4. Synthetic detergents require protection against calcium and magnesium salts, which can be achieved by adding calcium ion suppressants. The effect of neutral salts, such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate, can be eliminated by omitting them from the composition. When these salts are present in minor amounts, the use of protective colloids, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, affords some protection.     

装饰用铜合金镧-铈复合化学转化工艺及膜层耐蚀性

对装饰用H62铜合金进行稀土镧-铈复合化学转化.对转化液组成和工艺条件进行正交优化,得到最优参数为:硝酸镧4 g/L,硝酸铈4 g/L,苯并三氮唑15 g/L,钼酸钠2 g/L,柠檬酸13 g/L,磺基水杨酸9 g/L,十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.4 g/L,温度53°C,时间4 min.该条件下所得La-Ce复合转化膜的厚度...     

多元无磷缓蚀阻垢剂的研制及机理初探

以羧乙基硫代丁二酸、酒石酸钠、硫酸锌、聚环氧琥珀酸和丙烯酸-2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸共聚物为原料复配得到一种多元无磷缓蚀阻垢剂,通过旋转挂片法、碳酸钙沉积法和分散氧化铁试验对其缓蚀、阻垢和分散性能进行了研究,并对其缓蚀阻垢机理进行了探讨。结果显示,该复合药剂具有良好的缓蚀、阻垢和分散性能,缓蚀率达92.14%,阻垢率达96.31%。SEM表征结果表明,该复合药剂能在碳钢挂片表面形成一层致密均匀的缓蚀膜,具有良好的晶格扭曲作用,能阻止碳酸钙的正常生长和沉积。     

Lithium salts as leachable corrosion inhibitors and potential replacement for hexavalent chromium in organic coatings for the protection of aluminum alloys

Lithium salts are being investigated as leachable corrosion inhibitor and potential replacement for hexavalent chromium in organic coatings. Model coatings loaded with lithium carbonate or lithium oxalate demonstrated active corrosion inhibition and the formation of a protective layer in a damaged area during neutral salt spray exposure. The present paper provides an abridged overview of the initial studies into this novel inhibitor technology for the active corrosion protection of aluminum alloys. Coating defects were investigated by microscopic techniques before and after exposure to corrosive conditions. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of cross-sections of the coating defect area demonstrated that the protective layer comprises a typical three-layered structure, which included a dense layer near the alloy surface, a porous middle layer, and a flake-shaped out layer. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements obtained with a microcapillary cell positioned in the coating defect area and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed the corrosion protective properties of these protective layers. The long-term corrosion inhibition of the lithium-based coating technology was tested in industrial coating systems.     

Studies on petroleum sulphonates: Correlation between their chemical structure and the oil—Water emulsion stability characteristics

The average molecular weight distribution, emulsion stability of oil—water emulsion, the chemical structure of the hydrocarbon portions of petroleum sulphonates, and surface active properties have been determined with a view to establishing a correlation between the chemical structure of petroleum sulphonates and their emulsion stability characteristics. It has been found that the emulsion stability of oil—water emulsions imparted by sodium petroleum sulphonates depends on: (i) average molecular weight of sodium petroleum sulphonates; (ii) their molecular weight distribution; (iii) oil—water interfacial tension; (iv) hydrophile—lipophile balance values. The structural parameters which predominantly effect the emulsion stability are the ratio of the percentage distribution of carbon atoms in paraffin side chains to the percentage distribution of carbon atoms, the aromatic rings (C_P/C_A), the relative proportions of long chain mono-aromatics and the orientation of the sulphonate group relative to the paraffin alkyl chains in the molecules.     

马尾松木素磺酸钠分散、阻垢、缓蚀性能的研究

测定了木素磺酸钠 (木钠 )在循环冷却水中的分散、阻垢和缓蚀性能。研究发现 ,由于木钠能够大幅度增加碳酸钙颗粒的Zeta电位 ,使其对碳酸钙有较好的分散作用 ;木钠能络合部分Ca2 + ,但是络合能力较弱 ,对碳酸钙的静态阻垢率较低 ,为 2 %～ 5 % ;投加量在小于 5 0× 10 -6kg/L时加快了 2 0 #碳钢的腐蚀 ,大于 10 0× 10 -6kg/L时的缓蚀率为 3%～ 2 0 % ,极化曲线显示木钠属阴极型缓蚀剂     

Waschkraft der Natriumsalze von 2-Methylalkancarbonsäuren,der primären Alkylsulfate und der linearen Alkylbenzolsulfonate auf Baumwollgewebe: Eine statistische Untersuchung

Cotton Detergency of the Sodium Salts of 2-Methylalkanoic Acids, Primary Alkyl Sulphates and Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonates: A Statistical Approach The cotton detergency of the sodium salts of 2-methylalkanoic acids, primary alkyl sulphates and linear alkylbenzene sulphonates has been evaluated as a function of the molecular weight, the active-matter and sodium-tripolyphosphate concentrations, the water hardness, the calcium/magnesium ratio and the temperature. A regression equation relating the detergency to the six state variables has been derived on the basis of the experimental results. The main conclusions from the work are that under normal washing conditions the sodium salts of 2-methylalkanoic acids are the best products; the primary alkyl sulphates rank second. At a given water hardness the amount of sodium tripolyphosphate is of major importance, the molecular weight and the active matter concentration rank second, and the temperature comes third.     

Corrosion protection of iron by benzoate doped polyaniline containing coatings

Polyaniline containing organic coatings based on vinyl and acrylic resins are found to protect iron in acid and neutral media. Since dopants play an important role in forming salts with iron, a study has been made on the effect of benzoate doped polyaniline on the corrosion protection of iron by polyaniline–vinyl coatings in acid and neutral media. EIS studies have been made on the corrosion protection performance of vinyl coating on steel with 1% polyaniline in 0.1N HCl and 3% NaCl up to 100 days of exposure. It has been found that benzoate doped polyaniline containing coating has found to offer more protection in neutral media than that in acidic media due to passivating ability of benzoate ions in neutral solution, along with iron–polyaniline complex.     

一种无磷缓蚀阻垢剂的研制及其性能研究

以丙烯酸-2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸共聚物、苯甲酸钠、氨基磺酸、异抗坏血酸钠和锌盐为原料研制一种循环冷却水无磷缓蚀阻垢剂.采用旋转挂片腐蚀试验、电化学试验、静态阻垢试验对循环冷却水无磷缓蚀阻垢剂的缓蚀和阻垢性能进行评定,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对碳钢试片表面腐蚀形貌进行观察,结果表明循环冷却水无磷缓蚀阻垢剂是一种...     

Synthesis of Thumba,Castor and Sal Fatty Ethanolamide-Based Anionic Surfactants

The study involved the preparation and evaluation of anionic surfactants from non-edible oil based thumba (containing unsaturated-rich fatty acids, 80.9 %), castor (containing ricinoleic acid, a hydroxy fatty acid 89.3 %) and sal (containing saturated-rich fatty acids, 56.5 %). The oils extracted from these seeds (using Soxhlet) were reacted with monoethanolamine and diethanolamine to get corresponding fatty mono- and diethanolamides. The ethanolamides were sulfated using chlorosulfonic acid and the sulfated sodium salts were evaluated for surfactant properties namely surface tension, critical micelle concentration (CMC), emulsifying property, wetting, foaming power and calcium tolerance. The properties were compared with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) a well known anionic surfactant. Among the different sulfated sodium salts of ethanolamides, thumba showed superior surfactant properties compared to castor and sal. Sulfated sodium salt of thumba monoethanolamide showed better properties (CMC, 0.035 mmol/L, surface tension 30.2 mN/m and calcium tolerance >1,000 ml, 0.5 % calcium acetate solution) compared to sulfated sodium salts of thumba diethanolamides, followed by sulfated sodium salts of castor monoethanolamide (CMC 0.037 mmol/L, surface tension 35.3 mN/m and calcium tolerance >1,000 ml, 0.5 % calcium acetate solution). Sal being saturated rich was not properly soluble in water and showed poor surfactant properties compared to the other two. Also the sulfated sodium salts of thumba and castor ethanolamides exhibited superior properties compared to SDS.     

四元溴化盐对碳钢的高温腐蚀实验研究

熔盐是一种高效传热蓄热工质,其在熔盐传热蓄热系统中对熔盐泵、阀门、各种传感器、管道等金属材料设备的腐蚀特性是熔盐应用的限制因素之一,因此确定熔盐对金属材料的腐蚀性能至关重要。为研究四元溴化盐对碳钢(Q235)的高温腐蚀性能,以浸没法在450℃温度下进行碳钢样片的静态腐蚀实验,得到样片在溴化盐腐蚀环境中的腐蚀动力曲线,并对样片腐蚀区域进行扫描电镜和X射线物相分析。实验结果表明,在高温溴化盐腐蚀环境中,碳钢样片被腐蚀的质量损失量随时间延长而增加,腐蚀360h后样片质量损失达到24.14mg/cm²;样片表面产生了电化学腐蚀,腐蚀产物以铁、锰的氧化物为主。     

木质素磺酸钠缓蚀、阻垢性能的研究

测定了木质素磺酸钠(木钠)在循环冷却水中的阻垢、缓蚀性能,并和羟基亚乙基二膦酸(HEDP)、氨基三亚甲基膦酸(ATMP)进行了对比。结果表明,木钠对碳酸钙的静态阻垢率较低,20 mg/L时仅为8.24%,而HEDP达到49.86%,ATMP达到47.10%。在低投加量时,木钠的静态缓蚀率较低,并加快了碳钢的腐蚀。随着温度的升高,木钠的静态阻垢率及缓蚀率均降低。     

Emulsion polymerisation of vinyl chloride in relation to the chemical structure of the emulsifier

The influence of the chemical structure of the emulsifier on the rate of polymerisation, the yield and the properties of the polymer in the emulsion polymerisation of vinyl chloride was studied. The highest molecular weights were obtained with the sodium salts of the sulphuric acid esters of fatty alcohols with a chain length of 10 and 18 C atoms. In the group of aliphatic sulphonates, sulphates and salts of fatty acids there was no great difference. In general the effect of emulsifiers increases with the chain length. Unsaturated emulsifiers decrease the rate of polymerisation. Non-ionic emulsifiers are less active than ionic ones.     

一种新型缓蚀阻垢剂的性能评价

以聚天冬氨酸、聚环氧琥珀酸、葡萄糖酸钠以及增效剂为原料,制备了一种新型的缓蚀阻垢剂。采用挂片腐蚀和静态阻垢实验,研究了其缓蚀和阻垢性能,结果表明,该缓蚀阻垢剂的质量浓度为100 mg/L时,缓蚀率可达89.04%,具有良好的缓蚀性能,其阻垢效果均明显优于油田常用缓蚀阻垢剂。     

2,3-二酮-L-古龙酸及其盐的合成

介绍了维生素C的氧化降解途径,详细描述了维生素C降解产物2,3-二酮-L-古龙酸及其钾盐、钠盐、钡盐和钙盐的合成方法和步骤,并对今后的研究方向提出了建议。     

Measurement of calcium ion suppression by protection of foam of sodium cetyl sulfate solutions

Summary Relative protection of various compounds against calcium salts was determined by a pour-foam test, using sodium cetyl sulfate as a foam-producing indicator. The sensitivity of the test corresponds to less than 2 p.p.m. of calcium salt. Some of the data are compared with similar tests, using sodium oleate as an indicator, and advantages of the cetyl sulfate test are noted. The test is discussed from the point of view of a competition for calcium ion by the cetyl sulfate anion to precipitate calcium cetyl sulfate and by the compound tested to precipitate a calcium salt or form complex calcium ions. On the basis of the equilibria involved an estimate is made of the approximate solubility of calcium cetyl sulfate in the salt solutions tested.     

硝酸溶液中十二烷基苯磺酸钠对锌的缓蚀作用及吸附热力学研究

采用失重法研究了硝酸介质中烷基磺酸盐类阴离子表面活性剂对锌的缓蚀及吸附作用,考察了在不同温度的3%硝酸中,不同浓度的十二烷基苯磺酸钠对锌的缓蚀作用。实验结果表明,十二烷基苯磺酸钠能很好的抑制锌的腐蚀,当其含量达到一定浓度后,缓蚀作用基本保持不变,而其在锌表面上的吸附是产生缓蚀作用的重要原因。在浓度为0~300 mg/L时,十二烷基苯磺酸钠在锌表面的吸附规律服从Langmuir吸附等温式。用Sekine方法处理实验数据,从而获得了ΔH0、ΔS0和ΔG0等一系列相关的热力学参数。     

硅酸钠预处理对镀锌层稀土镧盐转化膜耐蚀性的影响

对热镀锌钢板先进行硅酸钠(水玻璃)预处理再镧盐钝化,以进一步提高镧盐转化膜的耐蚀性.用扫描电镜、能谱仪、盐雾腐蚀试验、塔菲尔极化曲线等方法研究了硅酸钠预处理对热镀锌层镧盐转化膜微观形貌和耐蚀性的影响.结果表明,硅酸钠预处理使得镧盐转化膜成膜均匀,膜层增厚且耐蚀性明显提高.通过正交试验得到最佳工艺为:先在室温下于0.5 ...     

草酸钠对镀锌层三价铬蓝白钝化的影响

研究了不同浓度的草酸钠对镀锌层三价铬蓝白钝化膜的外观,电化学阻抗,耐乙酸铅点滴与中性盐雾腐蚀性能,以及钝化液使用寿命的影响。研究发现,以CrCl3.6H2O为主要成膜物,当CrCl3.6H2O和草酸钠的质量浓度分别为110 g/L与89.0 g/L时,可获得外观均匀光亮的蓝白色钝化膜,钝化膜在5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中的低频阻抗值最大,耐乙酸铅点滴时间和耐中性盐雾腐蚀时间最长,钝化液的使用寿命也最长。