TEMPO抑制K_2S_2O_8氧化甲苯生成苯甲醛过程中的过度氧化

采用TEMPO/Cu(OAc)2为催化剂,探究其在抑制苯甲醛过度氧化成苯甲酸方面的能力,考察反应时间、反应温度、催化剂用量等因素对苯甲醛收率的影响。研究结果表明,TEMPO以及TEMPO衍生物在Cu(OAc)2催化下,可以有效地抑制甲苯合成苯甲醛过程中苯甲醛进一步氧化成苯甲酸。优化条件下,甲苯氧化生成苯甲醛的收率高达78%,而且没有苯甲醇和苯甲酸生成。     

聚合物微球固载的N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺在分子氧氧化苯甲醇反应过程中的催化特性

以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的交联共聚微球GMA/MMA为基质,经过几步大分子反应在微球表面合成与固载了N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(NHPI),形成固载有NHPI的聚合物微球GMA/MMA-NHPI。将GMA/MMA-NHPI与Co(OAc)₂组成共催化体系,用于分子氧氧化苯甲醇的反应过程。研究结果表明,GMA/MMA-NHPI与Co(OAc)₂所构成的共催化体系在温和条件(65℃和常压氧气)下可有效地实现苯甲醇的分子氧氧化过程,将其深度氧化为苯甲酸,显示出较好的催化活性和高的选择性(苯甲酸的选择性为96%)。主催化剂GMA/MMA-NHPI固载的NHPI与助催化剂Co(OAc)₂适宜的摩尔比为20:1;主催化剂所含NHPI的摩尔分数为底物的10%时催化剂的用量比较适宜。固体催化剂GMA/MMA-NHPI还具有良好的再循环使用性能。     

(Tp-ClPPFe)2O/Co(OAc)2催化对二甲苯空气氧化反应及条件优化

对二甲苯液相氧化是目前石油化工领域最重要的碳氢化合物氧化反应之一,本文报道了μ-氧双［四对氯苯基卟吩］合铁/醋酸钴［(T_p-ClPPFe)₂O/Co(OAc)₂］复合催化体系在无溶剂体系中催化空气氧化对二甲苯的反应,初步考察了(T_p-ClPPFe)₂O/Co(OAc)₂复合催化体系的催化过程,在单因素考察催化剂种类和使用量对反应转化率和产物选择性影响的基础上,使用正交实验全面考察了该反应中时间、温度、压力、空气流速、金属卟啉用量、醋酸钴/金属卟啉质量比对反应转化率和产物选择性的影响,获得了优化反应条件。通过实验对优化条件进行了确认。实验表明,在上述优化条件下,对二甲苯转化率达65.0%,对甲基苯甲酸和对苯二甲酸选择性分别为81.0%和13.0%。     

NHPI/Co(Salen)复合催化液相氧化甲苯的工艺考察

为了开发甲苯液相氧化的新催化体系,寻求合适的反应条件提高甲苯选择性氧化生成苯甲醛、苯甲醇的选择性。以分子氧为氧源,在无溶剂条件下,采用N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(NHPI)与双水杨醛缩乙二胺合钴配合物(Co(Salen))复合催化甲苯液相氧化反应。详细考察了NHPI单独催化以及NHPI与Co(Salen)复合催化过程中NHPI用量、Co(Salen)用量、反应温度、反应时间和氧压对甲苯选择性氧化反应的影响。结果表明:在甲苯0.22 mol,NHPI的摩尔分数2%,Co(Salen)的摩尔分数0.02%,氧压1.60 MPa,110℃的条件下反应2 h,甲苯转化率达到13.6%,苯甲醛选择性32.7%,苯甲醇选择性10.8%,苯甲醛、醇、酸总选择性达97.7%,该反应条件为较佳的工艺条件。     

乙酰丙酮盐催化甲苯液相氧化制苯甲醛的研究

以Co(acac)2为催化剂,研究其对甲苯液相空气氧化制苯甲醛的催化性能;考察了反应时间、反应温度、催化剂用量、钴锰配比等对苯甲醛浓度和收率的影响。结果表明,甲苯液相氧化反应是一平行连串的复杂反应,在反应初期(低甲苯转化率时),苯甲醛生成速率快、反应液中苯甲醛浓度迅速升高,之后趋于一稳定值,浓度变化不大,但因苯甲醛易被深度氧化生成苯甲酸,苯甲醛收率随着转化率提高而下降。反应温度对苯甲醛浓度和收率影响甚微。与醋酸钴、环烷酸钴等催化剂相比,Co(acac)2催化剂具有催化剂用量较小和腐蚀作用较轻的优点,适当添加Mn(acac)2有利于提高苯甲醛的收率。     

载钯催化剂应用于C5/C6正构烷烃异构化

由中科院大连化物所承担的甲苯液相催化选择氧化合成苯甲醛、苯甲醇和苯甲酸项目通过中石化集团公司组织的专家鉴定。鉴定委员会认为,该项目开发的催化剂具有创新性,新工艺可增加高附加值优质(无氯)苯甲醛和苯甲醇的产量,降低生产成本。该项目是大连化物所承担的国家自然科学基金委员会和中石化联合资助的国家自然科学基金重     

无溶剂下钴卟啉/NHPI催化甲苯选择性氧化制备苯甲醛

以钴卟啉/N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(NHPI)为催化剂，分子氧为氧化剂，在无溶剂的条件下，研究温和条件下催化甲苯选择性氧化制备苯甲醛的工艺。在甲苯0.2 mol、钴卟啉物质的量分数1×10^-4%、NHPI物质的量分数0.25%、70℃、O₂压力2.0 MPa和3 h优化条件下，甲苯转化率为5.5%,苯甲醛、苯甲醇和苯甲酸选择性分别为88.0%、10.2%和0.8%。通过原位红外和电子顺磁共振波谱仪等表征方法，表明该反应机理为典型的自由基反应过程。     

乙酰丙酮钴(Ⅱ)对甲苯液相空气氧化反应的催化性能

以乙酰丙酮钴(Co(acac)₂)为催化剂,在1 L高压搅拌反应釜中研究了其对甲苯液相空气氧化反应的催化性能和反应产物分布,考察了催化剂用量对甲苯转化率和苯甲酸收率的影响,并考察了不同温度下不同催化剂用量时的催化剂寿命。结果表明,Co(acac)₂催化甲苯液相氧化是平行连串的复杂反应,Co(acac)₂的催化活性存在"催化-抑制转换"现象,适宜的催化剂用量为0.0044%(质量分数);催化剂的寿命随反应温度变化存在一个最大值,165℃时催化剂寿命最长,反应温度较低(<165℃)时催化剂更容易失活;在165℃、Co(acac)₂用量为0.0044%时,反应4 h,甲苯转化率为19%,苯甲酸收率为80%;与醋酸钴、环烷酸钴等钴盐催化剂相比,Co(acac)₂催化剂具有用量少、催化活性时间长的优点,可有效地减缓钴盐结垢现象,Co(acac)₂催化剂对甲苯液相空气氧化反应具有良好的催化性能。     

铁镧交联蒙脱土的合成及催化氧化性能

以临安钠基蒙脱土为原料,制备了铁交联和铁镧复合交联蒙脱土催化剂,利用物理吸附(BET)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X-射线衍射(XRD)对催化剂进行表征,并以铁镧复合交联蒙脱土(Fe/La-PILC)为催化剂,质量分数为30%的过氧化氢水溶液为氧化剂,考察反应时间、催化剂用量和过氧化氢用量对苯甲醇催化氧化制苯甲醛的影响.结果表明:铁镧复合交联蒙脱土形成了比较均一的中孔骨架结构;当苯甲醇与过氧化氢物质的量之比为1:2,Fe/La(200)-PILC(Fe与La物质的量之比为200)质量分数为4%,反应5 h时,苯甲醇转化率和苯甲醛选择性分别为62.1%和86.4%.研究铁镧交联蒙脱土催化剂的催化氧化机理,发现Fe/La-PILC催化氧化苯甲醇的活性氧来自于Fe/La-PILC所吸附的氧.     

对甲酚催化氧化合成对羟基苯甲醛的研究

以Co(OAc) 2 ·4H2 O为催化剂 ,Cu(OAc) 2 ·H2 O为助催化剂 ,催化氧化对甲酚合成对羟基苯甲酚 ,实验结果表明 ,Co(OAc) 2 ·4H2 O∶Cu(OAc) 2 ·H2 O的物质的量比为 5 ∶1,对甲酚与催化剂的质量比为 385 ∶1。     

金属卟啉催化的甲苯氧化及工艺优化

Catalytic activities of a series of metalloporphyrin complexes in selective aerobic oxidation of toluene were investigated.The effects of different central metal ions in metalloporphyrins[T（p-Cl）PPMCl（M=Fe,Co,Mn,Cu）] on the reaction course had been examined and it was found that T（p-Cl）PPCu presented the highest catalytic activity in the reaction.The reaction conditions of toluene oxidation were optimized by using orthogonal experiment design.Five relevant factors were investigated：temperature,air pressure,catalyst loading,air flow rate and reaction time.The effects of the five factors on both toluene conversion and total yield of benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol were discussed.The research results showed that the reaction temperature was the most significant factor influencing toluene oxidation.On the basis of the margin analysis,the optimum conditions for the toluene conversion and the total yield of benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol respectively were achieved,under which the toluene conversion was up to 14.67%and the total yield of benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol reached 5.89%.     

Aerial oxidation of substituted aromatic hydrocarbons catalyzed by Co/Mn/Br− in water-dioxane medium

Aerial oxidation of substituted aryl aromatic hydrocarbons were carried out using Co/Mn/Br⁻ catalyst system in water-dioxane medium in the range 14–56 bar air and temperature 383–423 K. The combination of optimum catalyst concentration of salts Co(OAc)₂, Mn(OAc)₂ and NaBr (1:3:10 molar ratio) in water-dioxane (1:2 mole ratio) is found catalyze aerial oxidation of substituted aryl aromatic to give corresponding oxygenated products. Under the optimized conditions, p-cymene gave p-isopropyl benzaldehyde (33.1%), p-isopropylbenzyl alcohol (54.7%) and p-isopropyl benzoic acid (3.3%), respectively, at p-cymene conversion 40.2%. Similarly, oxidation of p-methoxy toluene gave p-methoxy benzaldehyde (87.4%), benzyl alcohol (5.5%), and p-methoxy benzoic acid (6%), while oxidation of p-tert-butyl toluene yielded p-tert-butyl benzaldehyde (87%), p-tert-butyl benzyl alcohol (5.7%) and p-tert-butyl benzoic acid (6.1%), at conversions 16.4% and 36.1%, respectively. It is found that Co/Mn/Br⁻catalyst system in water-dioxane medium is effective in the aerial oxidation of substituted aromatic hydrocarbons to get corresponding alcohol and aldehydes in greater yields.     

Effects of Oxygen Transfer Limitation and Kinetic Control on Biomimetic Catalytic Oxidation of Toluene

Under oxygen transfer limitation and kinetic control, liquid-phase catalytic oxidation of toluene over metalloporphyrin was studied. An improved technique of measuring dissolved oxygen levels for gas-liquid reaction at the elevated temperature and pressure was used to take the sequential data in the oxidation of toluene catalyzed by metalloporphyrin. By this technique the corresponding control step of toluene oxidation could be obtained by varying reaction conditions. When the partial pressure of oxygen in the feed is lower than or equal to 0.070 MPa at 463 K, the oxidation of toluene would be controlled by oxygen transfer, otherwise the reaction would be controlled by kinetics. The effects of both oxygen transfer and kinetic control on the toluene conversion and the selectivity of benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol in biomimetic catalytic oxidation of toluene were systematically investigated. Three conclusions have been made from the experimental results. Firstly, under the oxygen transfer limitation the toluene conversion is lower than that under kinetic control at the same oxidation conditions. Secondly, under the oxygen transfer limitation the total selectivity of benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol is lower than that under kinetic control with the same conversion of toluene. Finally, under the kinetics control the oxidation rate of toluene is zero-order with respect to oxygen. The experimental results are identical with the biomimetic catalytic mechanism of toluene oxidation over metalloporphyrins.     

Continuous gas–liquid aerobic oxidation of toluene catalyzed by [T(p-Cl)PPFe]2O in a series of three stirred tank reactors

The liquid-phase catalytic aerobic oxidation of toluene by [T(p-Cl)PPFe]₂O was studied in a series of three stirred tank reactors. The effects of operation mode (including semi-batch and continuous operation), reaction temperature, catalyst concentration, average residence time, and air flow rate on the oxidation process were examined. The experimental results showed that continuous oxidation had no advantage over the total yield and selectivity of benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol in comparison with semi-batch oxidation. And the reaction temperature was the most significant factor influencing on continuous oxidation of toluene. It is also found that adopting sequentially decreased temperature in the three series reactors could improve the yield and selectivity of benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol in this process. Under which at the higher conversion of toluene, the total yield to benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol increased 17.05% or 43.62% respectively in comparison with adopting sequentially increased or same temperature in the three series reactors.     

Electrochemical activation of the catalytic effect of cobalt in autoxidation of toluene in acetic acid

Electrochemical techniques were used to oxidize toluene in acetic acid containing cobalt(ii) acetate in the absence and presence of molecular oxygen. The conditions of Co(iii) generation were first studied with respect to the anodic passivation. Without oxygen, the indirect oxidation of toluene gave, by a faradaic process, mainly benzyl acetate which was then oxidized to benzoic acid, while under aerobic conditions benzoic acid was the main product, formed via the benzaldehyde by a nonfaradaic process. The initial electrochemical generation of Co(iii) suppressed the induction period observed in autoxidation. Under electrolysis conditions the autoxidation process was accelerated.     

甲苯液相催化氧化过程模拟与优化

Liquid-phase oxidation of toluene with air has become the main technology for producing benzoic acid in a reactor at present. Based on the kinetic model of the toluene oxidation process obtained from laboratory and mass balance of key component, a novel model is established to simulate the industrial toluene oxidation process, in which the effects of benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol are considered and the kinetic parameters are revised by industrial data. The simulation results show that the error of benzoic acid yield is within 3.5%. Based on the simulation model, to maximize the benzoic acid yield, an optimization model is proposed to optimize the operating parameters, including toluene feed-in mass flux and temperature. The optimization result indicates that on the allowable operating conditions the maximum benzoic acid yield obtained with the reaction temperature at 167.2 C an the mass flux at 104.1 t·h^- 1 is greater than the current one, which can be used to guide industrial reactor s operation.     

苯甲醛清洁生产工艺技术研究进展

介绍了苯甲醛清洁生产工艺的甲苯气相氧化、甲苯液相氧化、苯甲醇氧化、苯甲酸还原法、苯甲酸甲酯还原法、间接电解氧化法及其氧化反应动力学、甲苯三氧化二锰非均相氧化、甲苯超(近)临界流体法、近临界水法等;提出三氧化二锰非均相氧化法和近临界水法具有比较好的工业应用前景。     

超临界二氧化碳中的甲苯选择性氧化反应

考察了甲苯选择性氧化反应中反应物及产物在超临界二氧化碳中的溶解性质。结果表明,甲苯在超临界二氧化碳中的溶解度较大,在反应条件下能与二氧化碳形成均相;苯甲醇、苯甲醛和苯甲酸在超临界二氧化碳中的溶解度随着物质极性的增强而降低。利用不同产物的溶解性差异,可实现超临界二氧化碳中甲苯的选择性氧化。同时考察了超临界二氧化碳中甲苯选择性氧化反应过程中,反应时间、反应压力、反应温度以及n(甲苯)/n(氧气)对反应选择性的影响。     

电位滴定法分析电合成苯甲醛

采用电位滴定法测定甲苯电合成产物中的苯甲醛和苯甲酸,研究了盐酸羟胺用量、苯甲醇和甲苯含量对测定的影响.实验表明,当盐酸羟胺的用量为理论值的1.5～3.0倍、苯甲醇和甲苯分别不超过苯甲醛含量的2.5和95倍时均不影响苯甲醛含量的测定;苯甲醛和苯甲酸测定值的标准偏差分别为0.28%和1.17%,回收率分别为97.76%、97.21%.