聚砜管式超滤膜的制备及其结构性能研究

采用浸没相沉淀法制备聚砜(PSF)管式超滤膜。以纯水通量、卵清蛋白截留率、扫描电镜表征膜的结构和性能,考察了PSF含量、凝固浴温度和组成、添加剂种类和含量对PSF管式膜成膜性能及结构的影响。结果表明,凝固浴温度升高、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)含量增加、PEG-400含量增加,都可以使膜的水通量增加、截留率降低;而凝固浴中添加溶剂二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、铸膜液中PSF含量的增加,都可以使膜的通量减小,截留率升高。     

相转化法制备聚砜类纳滤膜的研究现状

介绍了国内外用浸入沉淀相转化法制备聚砜类纳滤膜的研究现状,系统阐述了浸入沉淀相转化法制备聚砜类纳滤膜时,聚合物含量、溶剂、添加剂、凝固浴、预蒸发时间和辐照对其结构和性能的影响,通过对这些因素的调节,可以改变相分离时的热力学和动力学过程,控制膜皮层的厚度、致密性,改变膜截面的孔结构,对膜的水通量和分离性能产生影响。     

高溶剂含量第1凝固浴停留时间对PVDF膜结构和性能的影响

以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为铸膜液体系,采用高含量溶剂DMAc水溶液作为第1凝固浴,水为第2凝固浴组成的双凝固浴制备PVDF中空纤维膜.通过扫描电镜(SEM)形貌观察,纯水水通量和BSA截留率测试,探讨了第1凝固浴停留时间对PVDF-PVP中空纤维膜性能与结构的影响.结果表明,随着膜丝在高溶剂含量第1凝固浴中停留时间从0变化至10s,膜丝纯水通量在2s时下降,之后持续增加,而BSA截留率不断降低.SEM显示随停留时间延长,膜表面孔隙率增加,亚层指状孔增多,大孔孔径增大,亚层海绵结构变得疏松.在停留时间为10s时,膜水通量达315 L·m-2.h-1,BSA截留率86％,可做为制备高通量PVDF超滤膜的最佳成形条件.     

高性能聚砜中空纤维纳滤膜基膜的研制

采用干-湿法工艺制备聚砜基膜,研究了聚砜铸膜液中聚砜含量、添加剂种类、溶剂组成及含量和凝固浴温度对膜性能的影响。研究结果表明,铸膜液中聚砜含量和添加剂含量对膜性能影响较大;使用混合溶剂可有效改善膜的孔结构和提高聚砜基膜的性能;控制凝胶浴温度可以得到较高性能的基膜。通过选择最佳铸膜液组成及工艺条件,可以制备较高性能的基膜。     

聚偏氟乙烯基复合正渗透膜的制备与表征

采用溶液相转化法制备高孔隙率、大通量聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜作为复合正渗透膜基膜,研究通过改变基膜制备过程中的凝固浴温度,以及在铸膜液中加入高亲水性的氧化石墨烯(GO)来优化基膜及其复合膜的结构与性能。结果表明,凝固浴温度为40℃、GO的质量分数为0.06%时,所得复合膜的正渗透性能较好,分离层朝向原料液和分离层朝向汲取液模式下的纯水通量分别为14.7、21.84 L/(m~2·h)。扫描电镜观察发现,基膜断面由较薄皮层和半开放膜内大孔组成,GO的加入使膜内大孔体积增大,而对复合膜表面的峰谷结构影响较小。     

磺化聚三氟苯乙烯对不同溶剂体系制备聚砜超滤膜结构及性能影响研究

本文以聚砜(PSF)为膜材料，磺化聚三氟苯乙烯(SPTFS)为改性剂，采用不同溶剂N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)制备了改性聚砜膜。采用扫描电镜、接触角测量仪、孔径分析仪和死端过滤系统研究SPTFS和溶剂对膜结构和性能的影响。研究表明，SPTFS的引入能够改变膜结构，SPTFS改性膜由纯聚砜膜的指状孔结构转变为胞腔状孔或海绵状孔结构。同时，SPTFS能够改善聚砜膜的渗透性能，以DMAc、DMF、NMP为溶剂改性的聚砜膜水通量分别提升了618.7、127.5、194.0 L/(m²·h),同时蛋白质截留率均高于97%,显示出优异的分离性能。     

凝固浴组成和温度对PVDF疏水微孔膜结构与性能的影响

利用非溶剂相转化法(NIPS),以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)/磷酸三乙酯(TEP)-N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为铸膜液体系,乙醇水溶液为凝固浴制备高性能的PVDF疏水微孔膜。考察了凝固浴中乙醇(EtOH)含量及凝固浴温度对PVDF成膜分相速率、膜结构和膜疏水性的影响。实验结果表明,在20℃的凝固浴温度下,凝固浴中乙醇含量的升高减慢了铸膜液体系的分相速率,提高了PVDF膜的孔隙率;在凝固浴中添加60%(wt)的乙醇,可形成表面荷叶状结构和截面对称的海绵状结构,膜表面的接触角为130.3°,呈很强的疏水性,并具有较优的膜强度。     

内凝固浴组成对聚氯乙烯中空纤维膜结构和性能的影响

利用非溶剂致相法纺丝制备聚氯乙烯(PVC)中空纤维膜,考察了内凝固浴中分别添加溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、NaCl和CaCl2对膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明,膜内表面孔结构随内凝固浴中DMF含量的提高,逐渐由致密的蜂窝状变成稀疏的海绵状;膜的水通量先上升后下降、力学性能提高;质量分数6%的DMF内凝固浴的膜性能最优,水通量和力学性能相对于纯水内凝固浴都有很大的提高,制成滤芯时产水量最大。内凝固浴中添加NaCl和CaCl2使中空纤维膜的力学性能提高,但水通量下降。相比而言,内凝固浴中添加溶剂对膜的性能改善效果优于内凝固浴中添加盐。     

相转化法制备聚砜膜研究进展

系统概述了相转化法制备聚矾膜时聚矾含量、添加剂、凝固浴及铸膜液在空气中的蒸发时间对其结构和性能的影响。随着聚矾含量的增加,膜结构从疏松向致密转变;在铸膜液中添加适合的添加剂可制备适当结构和渗透性能的聚矾膜;在凝固浴中添加适量的溶剂,可有效抑制膜内大孔结构的形成;空气中蒸发时间的增大时,膜表面趋于疏松,当增加到一定程度后基本趋于稳定。还综述了相转化法制备聚矾膜时聚矾含量、添加剂、凝固浴及铸膜液在空气中的蒸发时间对其结构和性能的影响。     

聚砜纳滤膜的制备

研究聚砜纳滤平板膜的制备,通过浸没相转化过程制备膜,讨论和研究聚砜(PSF)含量,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮含量,凝固浴温度和空气浴时间对膜结构、硫酸镁溶液水通量和截留率的影响,结果表明;聚砜(PSF)含量增加,凝固浴温度升高、空气浴时间增长时,都可以使膜水通量降低,截留增大,而聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)含量增加时水通量增加,截留率降低。     

Effects of the preparation conditions on ethylene/vinyl acetate membrane morphology with the use of scanning electron microscopy

In this research, the effects of preparation conditions, including the coagulation bath temperature, polymer solution composition, preliminary drying time, and thickness of cast polymeric films, on the morphology of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer membranes were investigated with scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen gas permeability tests. Flat sheet membranes were prepared through a thermal–wet phase‐inversion method. Scanning electron microscopy pictures showed asymmetric structures for some of the membranes. It was also observed that the porosity of the membranes decreased with an increase in the temperature of the coagulation bath and the solvent evaporation period. When the concentration of the polymer solution was increased from 5 to 12 wt %, the nucleation and growth of the solvent‐rich phase replaced the nucleation and growth of the polymer‐rich phase. With an increase in the thickness of the cast polymeric films, the number of macrovoids increased in the membranes. The nitrogen gas permeability of the developed membranes was in good agreement with the scanning electron microscopy results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

The influence of membrane formation parameters on structural morphology and performance of PES/PDMS composite membrane for gas separation

In this study, influence of membrane preparation parameters on structural morphology and performance of polyethersulfone/polydimethylsiloxane (PES/PDMS) composite membrane was investigated for gas separation. Asymmetric PES flat sheet membranes were composed by phase inversion method and used as supports. PES composite membranes were fabricated by coating silicone rubber as selective layer on the top surface of support. Effects of different concentrations of PES and PDMS, solvent type, and support thickness on membrane performance were investigated for separation of oxygen from nitrogen. The optimized superior membrane was further modified using polyvinylidenfluoride, methanol and ethanol as additives in PES solutions and/or in water coagulation bath to promote the membrane capability. The results showed that addition of ethanol and methanol in cast solution and coagulation bath can greatly affect the morphology and hence the performance of the prepared membranes. The permeance changes have the contrary trend with solubility parameter difference between solvent and nonsolvent mixture, for instance when this parameter difference was lowest, higher permeance was obtained. Support and coating polymer concentration can control the permeance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Influence of Solvent–Evaporation Effect on the Structure and Properties of PVDF-g-PNIPAAm Membranes

Temperature-sensitive poly(vinylidene fluoride)-graft-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PVDF-g-PNIPAAm) copolymer was synthesized and its flat membranes were prepared through phase inversion method with mixture of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) as solvent in water coagulation bath. The effects of “open time” (solvent–evaporation time) on the structure and performance of membranes were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electronic microscopy, contact angle, filtration experiments and static protein adsorption. It was found that the increasing “open time” endowed the membrane with more pores on the surface, higher flux and better hydrophilicity, provided the membrane with lower protein adsorption. Thus, the copolymer membranes showed a good antiprotein fouling.     

Preparation of PVDF ultrafiltration membranes using PVA as pore surface hydrophilic modification agent with improved antifouling performance

Novel polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were facilely fabricated using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aqueous solution as the coagulation bath through phase inversion method. In the process, PVA was introduced into the pore surfaces of the PVDF membranes via the interdiffusion of the non‐solvent water and the solvent. The effects of PVA content in the coagulation bath on membrane properties were systematically discussed. The results indicated that the increase of PVA content in coagulation bath resulted in the formations of the more sponge‐like structures and the higher surface hydrophilicity. Smaller pore size led to lower water flux and higher bovine serum albumin rejection. Fouling resistance measurement indicated that the membranes made in PVA/water coagulation bath had higher flux recovery ratio (92.1%) than the membrane made in a pure water bath (71.0%). Furthermore, mechanical property test revealed that the resulting membranes had high tensile strength and Young's modulus. In this work, we found that the morphology and the property of the novel PVDF membranes could be determined by the PVA content in the coagulation bath. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E384–E393, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Asymmetric polysulfone gas separation membranes treated by low pressure DC glow discharge plasmas

Asymmetric polysulfone (PSF) gas separation membranes were prepared at different conditions such as non‐solvent concentration, evaporation time (ET) and coagulation bath temperature (CBT). In addition, effects of low‐pressure DC glow discharge plasma on the characteristics of PSF membranes were investigated. PSF membranes both before and after plasma treatment were characterized by several techniques, including contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Furthermore, the performance of membranes was evaluated in terms of permeability of CO₂, CH₄, O_2, and N₂ gases. The ideal selectivity of CO₂/CH₄ and O₂/N₂ and surface free energy was calculated. Results showed that the EtOH concentration, ET and CBT affect the morphology of PSF membranes. For membranes prepared from a casting solution consisting of PSF 26.0, NMP 28.0, THF 28.0, and EtOH 18.0 wt % and ET for 3 min, the maximum selectivity of untreated membrane is about 69.76 and 12.59 for CO₂/CH₄ and O₂/N₂, respectively. After plasma treatment, the ideal selectivity is receded; however, the CO₂/CH₄ is still higher than 40.41 at pressure of 5 bars. Finally, preparation conditions and DC glow discharge plasmas have significant effects on the characteristics of the PSF membranes and result in an increase of the gas permeation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42116.     

凝固浴处理对聚氨基葡糖超滤膜分离性能的影响

采用凝固浴凝胶工艺处理聚氨基葡糖超滤膜，实验结果表明，经凝固浴处理后，聚氨基葡糖超滤膜对酸性红B溶液的截留率提高了83.7%；凝固浴的温度、凝固剂的浓度、凝固时间等参数对聚氨基葡糖超滤膜的截留率、渗透通量和孔结构均有一定的影响，选择适当的处理条件可提高膜的分离效率.     

Application of Colloidal Precipitation Method Using Sodium Polymethacrylate as Dispersant for TiO2/PVDF Membrane Preparation and Its Antifouling Properties

Immobilized titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles on flat sheet polymeric membranes have been found effective for fouling reduction in recent researches. The main challenge in this field is to obtain ultrafine and stable nanodispersions. In this study, composite polyvinylidene fluoride/TiO₂ (PVDF/TiO₂) ultrafiltration membranes were prepared via phase inversion and colloidal precipitation method. Stable TiO₂ suspensions were prepared using sodium polymethacrylate as dispersant and sonication without altering of the coagulation bath pH. The effect of different concentrations of TiO₂ nanoparticles in the coagulation bath was also investigated. The membrane morphology (distribution of nanoparticles on the membrane surface) was observed by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. Properties of the neat and the composite membranes were also characterized using energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and contact angle and membrane porosity measurements. The neat and the composite membranes were further investigated in terms of bovine serum albumin rejection and flux decline in cross flow filtration experiments. The results showed that the PVDF/TiO₂ composite membrane using dimethylacetamide/triethyl phosphate as solvent and 0.05 g/L of TiO₂ in the coagulation bath exhibits improved antifouling properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E422–E434, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Formation of integrally skinned asymmetric polyetherimide nanofiltration membranes by phase inversion process

Integrally skinned asymmetric polyetherimide (PEI) membranes were prepared by the phase inversion process from casting solution containing dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent and 1,4‐dioxane as a cosolvent. Deionized water was used as a coagulation medium in preparing asymmetric membranes. The effect of 1,4‐dioxane was investigated by measuring casting solution properties, permeation properties, and membrane structures. Various effects of polymer concentration, evaporation time, and coagulation bath temperature were also studied. Low miscibility of 1,4‐dioxane with coagulant (water) resulted in reducing membrane pore size. The molecular weight cutoff values of asymmetric membranes could be controlled by changing the amount of 1,4‐dioxane in the casting solution. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1300–1307, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10452     

凝固浴组成对SMA/CPVC共混超滤膜的结构与性能影响

通过非溶剂致相分离（NIPS）法制备了苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物（SMA）/氯化聚氯乙烯（CPVC）共混超滤膜,探讨了凝固浴中不同溶剂（DMAc）含量对其超滤膜表面酸酐基团偏析程度、微观结构、亲水性、水通量、截留率和抗污染的影响。结果表明：凝固浴中溶剂含量的增加抑制了酸酐基团向膜表面的偏析,导致亲水性减弱;同时,铸膜液中溶剂与水分子之间扩散速率的变小引起延迟分相,使得膜表面孔径变小和分布变窄。当溶剂质量分数为3%时,超滤膜对牛血清白蛋白（BSA）截留率提升至98.10%、通量恢复率为96.82%,且不可逆污染率降为3.77%,表明凝固浴中适量的溶剂可进一步提高超滤膜抗污染性能。     

纳米二氧化硅-聚乙烯醇复合超滤膜的制备与表征

通过相转化法制备了纳米SiO2 聚乙烯醇 (PVA)复合膜。铸膜液由PVA、纳米SiO2 、水、聚乙二醇 (PEG)构成。水为溶剂 ,PEG为添加剂。凝固浴为Na2 SO4 KOH H2 O溶液。所得膜有良好的弹性和机械强度 ,膜孔径对压力是敏感的 ,可以通过控制操作压力来控制膜的截留相对分子质量。考察了SiO2 含量和PEG含量对膜性能的影响 ,并对膜的机械性能进行了测试。通过超滤实验对膜的抗污染性进行了评价