基于流动坐标系的3维空间动力非线性有限元方法

为了考虑3维空间中柔性结构大幅振动的几何非线性振动效应,建立了基于流动坐标系(CR列式)的Newmark-β非线性有限元动力时程计算方法。在动力时程计算的每一个时间步中,考虑结构的几何非线性,考虑初始应力和重力的时变效应,通过平衡迭代计算,得到有限元模型各个节点的位移、速度、加速度。开发了使用杆、梁单元的有限元计算程序,并提供了详细的计算方法与计算流程。设计了多个算例,计算得到了柔性结构在3维空间的非线性振动现象,依据非线性振动理论解释了现象的原理。通过算例与ANSYS的进行了对比,结果表明:算法与程序编制正确可靠,计算效率高,适用于柔性结构在3维空间中大幅度非线性振动的计算与研究。     

基于共旋法与稳定函数的几何非线性平面梁单元

建立一个准确、高效的几何非线性梁单元对于描述杆系结构的非线性行为至关重要。该文基于共旋坐标法和稳定函数提出了一种几何非线性平面梁单元。该单元在形成中把变形和刚体位移分开,局部坐标系内采用稳定函数以考虑单元P-δ效应的影响,从局部坐标系到结构坐标系的转换则采用共旋坐标法以及微分以考虑几何非线性,给出了几何非线性平面梁单元在结构坐标系下的全量平衡方程和切线刚度矩阵;在此基础上根据带铰梁端弯矩为零的受力特征,导出了能考虑梁端带铰的单元切线刚度矩阵表达式。通过多个典型算例验证了算法与程序的正确性、计算精度和效率。     

解析型几何非线性圆拱单元

为研究圆拱结构几何非线性内力和位移计算以及平面内稳定分析问题,基于圆拱几何非线性静力分析模型,构造了解析位移形函数,进而利用能量法和势能变分原理,构造了解析型几何非线性圆拱单元,给出了单元列式;同时将该文模型通过理论退化,得到了不考虑轴向变形的无压缩圆拱模型,进一步得到了解析型无压缩几何非线性圆拱单元,并将此单元应用于圆拱的平面内稳定分析。研究结果表明:采用本单元模型进行平面内分岔失稳分析得到的失稳临界荷载系数与经典Timoshenko模型、Dinnik模型及静力法模型计算结果一致,相对误差为0%;平面内分岔失稳的临界荷载与平面内极值点失稳的临界荷载一致。该文单元具有解析型、高精确性以及良好的适用性,可用于任意工况下圆拱结构几何非线性位移、内力和平面内稳定分析。     

三维杆系结构的几何非线性有限元分析

为了更准确地描述杆系结构的几何非线性性能,建立了一种基于三维梁单元有限元分析的计算方法。引入了考虑两方向曲率和扭转角变化的坐标转换矩阵来描述任意增量下的单元平移和转动;采用了包括轴向变形和扭转的非线性项的刚度矩阵来考虑高阶非线性项的影响。应用广义位移控制法进行增量迭代,编制了相应的三维梁单元非线性计算程序NL_Beam3D。通过对几个例子进行的分析,验证了该方法可较好地考虑结构几何非线性。     

几何非线性与徐变共同作用下三维杆系结构有限元分析

几何非线性与徐变均为大跨或高耸柔性混凝土结构分析中必须考虑的重要因素,而现有计算方法通常只单独考虑,而未考虑两者的共同作用。基于几何非线性分析的随转坐标法和徐变效应分析的初应变法,该文首先建立三维梁元在随转坐标系下计入初应变效应的几何非线性平衡方程;再利用静力平衡原则,导出三维梁元在结构坐标系下同时考虑几何非线性与徐变的平衡方程,提供了详细的分析流程,编制了相应的非线性计算程序。以某大跨径混合梁斜拉桥混凝土桥塔为例,进行了考虑混凝土徐变效应的几何非线性分析;结果表明,无论是几何非线性还是徐变,单独考虑时得到的内力和位移结果均小于考虑两者共同作用得到的结果,因此在大跨或高耸柔性混凝土结构分析中考虑几何非线性与徐变共同作用是很有必要的。     

水平弹性支承圆弧钢拱的平面内极限承载力研究

支承于其他结构构件上的拱的支座约束可以用拱脚处的水平弹簧进行等效替代。利用ANSYS有限元程序,在考虑了几何缺陷、残余应力和材料非线性的基础上,采用大挠度变形理论对水平弹性支承拱进行了研究,分析了其极限强度和失稳特征。针对工字形截面,研究了不同荷载工况下支座刚度对拱的承载力的影响,得到了两者之间的变化关系和极限状态下支座位移的计算公式。使用已有的两铰圆弧拱设计公式对弹性支承拱进行了验算,并提出了实用的简化设计准则。     

一种考虑剪滞效应的斜支承连续箱梁挠曲扭转分析方法

通过在支承坐标系下考虑约束条件,提出一种适用于斜支承连续箱梁挠曲扭转分析的薄壁箱梁单元。该单元具有10 个自由度,可方便地考虑斜支承连续箱梁的剪滞效应和扭翘变形。选取挠曲剪滞微分方程和约束扭转微分方程的齐次解作为单元位移函数,推导出单元刚度矩阵各元素的具体表达式。从剪滞翘曲应力的轴向平衡条件出发,建立双室箱形断面的剪滞翘曲位移函数,并给出了剪滞翘曲几何特性的一般计算公式。用所编制的电算程序SSCBA 对一个3 跨斜支承双室连续箱梁模型进行计算,计算值与实测值和ANSYS 壳单元结果均吻合较好,证实该箱梁单元是可靠的。计算表明:在跨中偏心荷载作用下,斜支承连续箱梁的剪滞翘曲变形和约束扭转翘曲变形对应力分布具有显著影响。     

考虑P-⊿效应的框架结构弹塑性数值子结构分析

几何非线性是土木工程结构在强震作用下动力时程分析过程中必要的考虑因素。该文基于数值子结构方法,结合平面Euler-Bernoulli梁柱单元的几何大变形理论,将平面框架结构的非线性分析转化为线弹性主结构的弹性分析,并提出材料和几何非线性修正力项,作为等效为外荷载项施加于主结构以考虑结构的双非线性。最后,对一平面钢框架结构进行地震动力时程分析,分析结果表明考虑了双非线性的数值子结构方法具有良好的精确性与高效性;同时,几何非线性对结构动力响应具有重要影响。     

基于共旋坐标法的带刚臂平面梁元非线性分析

为解决平面梁元在相交处可能存在的刚性连接问题,根据带刚臂平面梁元在受力后的运动和变形特点,该文基于共旋坐标法推导出两端带任意刚臂的平面梁元的切线刚度矩阵显式表达式,给出了不平衡力的精确全量算法,并提供了详细的计算步骤。利用该文的研究成果编制了程序,对无刚臂和有刚臂的平面梁结构进行了几何非线性分析。计算结果表明:这种非线性单元列式的正确性和非线性求解过程的收敛性,实用价值较强。     

钢管混凝土结构材料非线性的一种有限元分析方法

为了更简单地考虑梁单元的材料非线性受力性能,把断面广义力和广义应变的概念运用于单元分析中,将单元的弹塑性刚度矩阵分离为弹性刚度矩阵和塑性刚度矩阵。这样,梁单元的变形可以由弹性变形和塑性变形简单地迭加,结构内力可通过弹性应变能的斜率(弹性刚度矩阵)与位移的乘积求得,从而在增量-迭代计算时可较准确且较快地计算出结构变形后的不平衡力。应用这一计算方法,推导了基于纤维模型的三维梁单元的钢管混凝土结构的有限元基本公式,并将其植入能考虑几何非线性的三维梁单元非线性计算程序NL_Beam3D中以计算结构的双重非线性问题。算例分析表明该方法和程序能较准确地反映钢管混凝土结构的双重非线性特性。     

Advanced planning and scheduling based on precedence and resource constraints for e-plant chains

The e-plant chain is an extension of the integration beyond a production site by means of improved distribution management, electronic data interchange and coordination of multiple plants. The present paper proposes an advanced planning and scheduling model for the e-plant chain. The advanced planning and scheduling is the most important function when supporting flexible planning and scheduling in the e-plant chain. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer-programming model. The model includes the main features of the system including flexible operations’?sequences, resource requirements and alternative schedules. Since the problem is NP-hard, an intelligent search approach based on a genetic algorithm is developed. Numerical experiments show the proposed approach is satisfactory in its accuracy and efficiency.     

支持ASP服务的网络CAD应用系统设计

从支持ASP服务模式的网络CAD系统的特定需求出发,分析了当前网络CAD系统的优缺点。提出支持动态数据共享的网络CAD系统的概念及系统结构,并以J2EE平台的JAX-RPC技术为基础,实现了一个支持动态数据共享的二维网络CAD原型系统。与传统的网络CAD系统相比,本系统能够支持设计数据实时更新、计算引擎集中维护以及灵活的计费方式。该系统具有良好的可扩展性。     

The fixture planning of modular fixtures for measurement

A Computer Aided Fixturing System (CAFS) was used in this paper to study the planning of modular fixtures for measurement using a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM). This paper proposes fixturing planning of a complicated small supporting face and a large general supporting face. Group Technology (GT) was used to establish the coding database of the modular fixture element for use in the system. Several algorithms are developed to locate the appropriate fixture elements and their positions.     

有间隙多层板接触分析的广义协调元法

从有间隙多层板接触系统分区广义势能泛函出发,以广义协调理论为基础,通过建立和分析板单元区、接触单元区的势能泛函,提出求解多层板接触问题的广义协调元法;并构造了广义协调矩形板-板接触单元PZC21。数值结果表明,单元PZC21具有较好的稳定性和收敛性。     

地基望远镜主镜支撑性能分析

主镜面型精度是地基大口径望远镜最关键的技术指标之一.为了研究主镜室以及主镜底支撑和侧支撑系统的重力变形造成的主镜面型误差,介绍了一地基光电望远镜的主镜室及详细的主镜支撑结构,借助于有限元法,建立了主镜,主镜室和支撑结构的详细有限元模型,分析计算了主镜在支撑状态下的镜面变形情况,并通过ZYGO干涉仪进行了面型检测.计算结...     

Integrated layout design of multi‐component system

A new integrated layout optimization method is proposed here for the design of multi‐component systems. By introducing movable components into the design domain, the components layout and the supporting structural topology are optimized simultaneously. The developed design procedure mainly consists of three parts: (i) Introduction of non‐overlap constraints between components. The finite circle method (FCM) is used to avoid the components overlaps and also overlaps between components and the design domain boundaries. (ii) Layout optimization of the components and supporting structure. Locations and orientations of the components are assumed as geometrical design variables for the optimal placement while topology design variables of the supporting structure are defined by the density points. Meanwhile, embedded meshing techniques are developed to take into account the finite element mesh change caused by the component movements. (iii) Consistent material interpolation scheme between element stiffness and inertial load. The commonly used solid isotropic material with penalization model is improved to avoid the singularity of localized deformation in the presence of design dependent loading when the element stiffness and the involved inertial load are weakened by the element material removal. Finally, to validate the proposed design procedure, a variety of multi‐component system layout design problems are tested and solved on account of inertia loads and gravity center position constraint. Solutions are compared with traditional topology designs without component. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

卫星柔性贮存方法

针对卫星在厂房内不进行土建改造且具备随时解封与重密封能力,并且实现环境受控的贮存条件要求,文章提出一种基于柔性贮存方式的解决方案,针对贮存要求与相关标准,设计出一套柔性贮存系统,主要包含可变式支撑骨架、柔性密封薄膜以及监控系统几部分.对支撑骨架进行机械与电气设计,以及结构强度的有限元仿真计算;对柔性密封薄膜的密封性能、...     

ASSEMBLY CAPACITY MIX PLANNING WITH PRODUCT-FLEXIBLE TECHNOLOGY AND FIXTURES

Product changeover is becoming increasingly critical in planning assembly capacity which may be manual or automated with supporting part-holding and conveying devices. The basic choice is between assembly systems that are more product-specific, such as dedicated assembly heads, and those that are relatively flexible, such as manual or robotic systems. A rigid system would require frequent transitions as product variety increases, and may nullify any scale economies. A flexible system, on the other hand, though more expensive, can incorporate product changeovers more easily and would therefore require less transitions, creating scope economies. A quantitative analysts to study such interactions of system parameters with a view to developing understanding and procedures for dynamic planning of flexible assembly capacity is the objective of this paper.     

Low voltage flexible nonvolatile memory with gold nanoparticles embedded in poly(methyl methacrylate)

We demonstrate air-stable low voltage flexible nonvolatile memory transistors by embedding gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as the charge storage element. The solution processability of the nanocomposite is suitable for low-cost large area processing on flexible substrates. The memory transistor exhibits a memory window of 2.1?V, long retention time (?>?10(5)?s) with low operating voltage (≤5?V). The memory behavior has been tuned via varying the composition of the fillers (Au NPs), which offers relatively easy processability for different flexible electronics applications. The electrical properties of the memory devices are found to be stable under bending. These findings will be of value for low cost and low voltage advanced flexible electronics.     

柔性组合结构的大挠度非线性有限元分析

本文应用预应力柔性索的非线性有限元模型,用折算弹性模量考虑索初始垂度的影响,引入主一从控制原理来克服柔性元素和刚性元素共同作用时易产生的方程病态,在结构变位后的基础上建立平衡方程,采用带有动坐标的刚度矩阵迭代法,分析了斜拉桥、悬索桥等柔性组合结构的大挠度问题。应用本文方法,已经成功地分析了多座斜拉桥实际结构。对于一般柔性组合结构,经过二至六次迭代即可达到相当的精度。