扩展ALOHA随机多址接入技术及其在WCDMA中的应用

本文分析了纯ALOHA和时隙ALOHA的工作原理 ,给出了两者吞吐量的性能表达式 ,并作出了比较。最后介绍了扩展ALOHA在WCDMA中的应用。     

主动重发的DS／CDMA ALOHA

针对DS/CDMA ALOHA系统,本文提出了一种主动复发方案,并对主动重发时延为无限和有限值的情况分别进行了分析和研究,研究结果表明,主动重发时延为一个时隙时即可获得接近理想情况的性能。从理论计算和仿真实验的结果可以看到,这种新方案可以有效地改善DS/CDMA ALOHA协议的性能。     

可并行识别的分组动态帧时隙ALOHA标签防碰撞算法

该文针对现有动态帧时隙ALOHA标签防碰撞算法的系统吞吐率低、算法效率低等问题,提出一种可并行识别的分组动态帧时隙ALOHA(PIGDFSA)标签防碰撞算法。该文以实验为基础,探索了待识别标签数、标签分组数、帧长对系统吞吐率与标签碰撞率的影响,研究了提升系统吞吐率与降低标签碰撞率的策略与方法。结合射频识别(RFID)的多天线系统,引入FastICA技术,从而实现碰撞时隙重新定义,并以此为基础,利用未识别标签数目自适应确定分组数与帧长。仿真结果表明:PIGDFSA算法在标签数达到2000时,算法吞吐率仍能稳定在92%以上,与FSA-256, GDFSA, BSDBG等算法相比具有更高的算法吞吐率,更少的空隙时隙,更高的算法效率。     

改进型帧时隙ALOHA防碰撞算法研究

为进一步提高RFID系统中电子标签防碰撞算法的识别效率,对帧时隙ALOHA防碰撞算法的性能进行分析,提出一种结合精确标签估计和二进制搜索的改进型帧时隙ALOHA算法.将识别过程分为标签估计和标签识别两个阶段,在标签估计算法中引入碰撞概率上、下限参数,并精确估计标签数量对初始帧时隙大小进行优化;在标签识别阶段,利用二进制搜索算法对时隙内的碰撞标签进行快速识别.通过对识别过程进行仿真结果表明:改进的算法改善了防碰撞性能,提高了RFID系统的标签识别效率.     

改进动态帧时隙ALOHA算法

ALOHA型算法是一种防碰撞算法,适用于标签数目较少的情况。当标签数目逐渐增大时,通常需要指数倍增长的时隙数才能识别出这些标签。文中提出了一种改进的动态帧时隙ALOHA算法,它首先估计未被识别的标签数,然后调整相应帧长,从而获得最佳系统效率。仿真结果显示,当标签数为500时,文中所提出算法较传统算法的系统时延减少为原来的1／2。     

一种改进的动态帧时隙ALOHA算法

射频识别系统的最大缺点之一是当标签碰撞时的低标签识别效率。传统的射频识别防碰撞算法在标签数量庞大时,解读标签所需的时隙数会成倍增加。为了解决这一问题,文章提出一种改进的动态时隙ALOHA算法,它根据标签数调整每帧中的时隙数,以使系统能以高吞吐量工作,缩短读取时间,提高了整个系统的效率。     

基于CDMA和动态时隙ALOHA的UHF RFID防碰撞研究

为提高UHF RFID系统防碰撞性能,提出了一种基于码分多址(CDMA)和动态时隙ALOHA相结合的超高频RFID无源标签防碰撞识别方案。设计了标签防碰撞性能评估方案,采用Matlab进行仿真分析。性能分析和仿真结果显示,该方案在尽可能降低标签硬件复杂度和功耗的前提下,充分利用了码分多址和动态时隙ALOHA的性能,允许多个标签同时发送数据,提高了标签的识别速率。     

MC-CDMA ALOHA系统的性能分析

文章提出了一种多码CDMA ALOHA(MC-CDMA ALOHA)系统用以支持多速率数据通信，分析研究了系统在高斯噪声信道的吞吐量性能，得出了在结合ALOHA和多码CDMA两种技术的优势的情况下，多码CDMA ALOHA系统能支持多速率数据业务并具有较好的性能表现的结论。     

无线Ad Hoc网络中基于活跃节点数预测的时隙ALOHA算法

针对采用时隙ALOHA算法的无线Ad Hoc网络,考虑数据包到达的动态性与数据包传输的随机性,以最大化吞吐量为目标,同时满足数据队列稳定性,构建了关于接纳控制与竞争接入的随机优化问题。由于在时隙ALOHA算法中数据包传输的最优概率取决于无线Ad Hoc网络中数据队列非空的活跃节点数,提出了一种基于活跃节点数预测的时隙ALOHA算法。该算法要求无线Ad Hoc网络中的所有发送节点实时地侦听通信信道的忙闲状态,计算基于信道状态的活跃节点数条件期望,从而动态地预测无线Ad Hoc网络在不同时刻的活跃节点数,达到网络节点依据局部网络状态信息自适应地优化数据包传输概率的目的。仿真结果表明,所提算法能够有效估计无线Ad Hoc网络在每个时隙的活跃节点数,从而显著提升网络吞吐量并且降低数据包的平均排队时延。     

时隙ALOHA技术在移动卫星通信系统中的新发展

本文主要介绍近年来，时隙ＡＬＯＨＡ技术在移动卫星通信中的一些新的发展趋势。介绍了在移动卫星通信信道中，ＡＬＯＨＡ技术在稳定控制，提高系统吞吐量和为大容量话音服务等方面的一些新颖的技术设想及初步的分析结果。     

Wireless network coding in slotted aloha with two-hop unbalanced traffic

This paper deals with two representative unbalanced traffic cases for two-hop wireless relay access systems employing network coding and a slotted ALOHA protocol. Network coding is a recent and highly regarded technology for capacity enhancement with multiple unicast and multisource multicast networks. We have analyzed the performance of network coding on a two-hop wireless relay access system employing the slotted ALOHA under a balanced bidirectional traffic. The relay nodes will generally undergo this unbalanced multidirectional traffic but the impact of this unbalanced traffic on network coding has not been analyzed. This paper provides closed-form expressions for the throughput and packet delay for two-hop unbalanced bidirectional traffic cases both with and without network coding even if the buffers on nodes are unsaturated. The analytical results are mainly derived by solving queueing systems for the buffer behavior at the relay node. The results show that the transmission probability of the relay node is a design parameter that is crucial to maximizing the achievable throughput of wireless network coding in slotted ALOHA on two-hop unbalanced traffic cases. Furthermore, we show that the throughput is enhanced even if the traffic at the relay node is unbalanced.     

Performance analysis of a slotted CDMA ALOHA network

ALOHA is a simple and efficient way of allowing many machines with bursty data streams to communicate with a central computer. For cases where machines are equally likely to transmit to one another, CDMA ALOHA, which allows for full connectivity, may be a better multiple access protocol than slotted ALOHA through a central machine. This paper first describes a model for a fully connected, full duplex, and slotted CDMA ALOHA network where the receiver-based code access protocol is used. The stations can send data to, and receive data from, different stations simultaneously. The model is analyzed using discrete-time Markov chain, and some numerical results are presented. For a system with a large number of users where Markov analysis is impractical, equilibrium point analysis is used to predict the stability of the system and determine the throughput as well as the delay performance of the system when it is stable. It is shown that a CDMA slotted ALOHA network has a much better performance compared to simple slotted ALOHA networks.     

Performance comparison of a slotted ALOHA DS/SSMA network and amultichannel narrow-band slotted ALOHA network

Throughput, delay, and stability for two slotted ALOHA packet radio systems are compared. One system is a slotted direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access (DS/SSMA) network where each user employs a newly chosen random signature sequence for each bit in a transmitted packet. The other system is a multiple-channel slotted narrow-band ALOHA network where each packet is transmitted over a randomly selected channel. Accurate packet success probabilities for the code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system are computed using an improved Gaussian approximation technique which accounts for bit-to-bit error dependencies. Average throughput and delay results are obtained for the multiple-channel slotted ALOHA system and CDMA systems with block error correction. The first exit time (FET) is computed for both systems and used as a measure of the network stability. The CDMA system is shown to have better performance than the multiple-channel ALOHA system in all three areas     

具有多重码的预约Slotted ALOHA协议性能分析

本文对具有多重码的预约Slotted ALOHA协议进行了性能分析。它是基于帧的协议且在一个时隙内有多重码可用来传输分组信息。文中利用离散时间,离散状态和Markov链来分析一个小区上行链路的话音分组吞吐量和数据分组延时性能,并提出了两种改进碰撞解决的方法,得到了较好的系统特性。     

HFC网上行信道的一种接入解决方案

提出了一种基于多码分组CDMA的HFC网络上行信道ALOHA多址接入方式.介绍了这种多址接入方式的接入模型、实现方法及系统的组成,分析了ALOHA-CDMA信道的吞吐量,还分析了这种接入方武的特点、存在问题及解决方法.仿真结果表明该方案可改善HFC网络上行信道的吞吐性能和信道利用率.     

CDMA随机接入系统与S—ALOHA系统的性能对比分析

传统的Ｓ－ＡＬＤＨＡ随机接入协议用于通信网络,其理论上的极限通过量为３６％,但在这种情况下,系统的时延随着负荷的增加也变得越来越大,因此传统Ｓ－ＡＬＯＨＡ方式不适合于时延要求较高的通信系统,本文通过研究系统在较低负荷的情况发现采用ＣＤＭＡ技术的随机接入方法在占用相同的系统带宽的条件下,可以获得与传统Ｓ＿ＡＬＯＨＡ方式相同的通过量,而时延却大大降低,而且随着ＣＤＭＡ领域抗干扰技术的发展,它的系统性能     

卫星分组话音／数据扩频时隙ALOHA的性能分析

本文讨论了卫星分组话音／数据综合的扩频时隙ＡＬＯＨＡ的性能，并认为该协议较适合于卫星分组话音／数据综合的通信网中，给出了在扩频多址干扰为改进型高斯分布和某一时隙用户数有限的前提下，系统吞吐量的近似解析表达式和平均时延表达式，这比通常的标准高斯分布和无限用户的假设更精确，模拟说明结果性能是优越的。     

A spread slotted CDMA/ALOHA system with hybrid ARQ for satellitemultiple access

We propose and investigate a new type of satellite multiple access protocol that combines the characteristics of the spread slotted (SS)-ALOHA protocol, code division multiple access (CDMA), and the hybrid automatic repeat request (ARQ) error controlling and retransmission scheme, in order to increase the throughput by reducing the number of retransmissions and to keep the bit error rate (BER) of the satellite link low when the channel experiences heavy traffic. The main feature of our proposed system is the utilization of two different fields in the analysis of the satellite multiple access problem. Since the hub now possesses the forward error correction (FEC) capability to correct errors that appear after the CDMA despreading of the packets, the satellite does not need to ask so often for the retransmission of erroneous packets and will ask for retransmission only when the FEC error correcting capability is exceeded. This paper also presents the adaptive optimization of the balance between the CDMA processing gain and FEC coding gain in order to obtain a better throughput for the SS-CDMA/ALOHA with hybrid ARQ protocol for satellite multiple access. The optimization is made with the constraint of keeping the bandwidth of the transmitted packets constant during all times. According to this, the effective throughput of the protocol (information bits over total transmitted bits ratio) is improved by adaptively changing the CDMA and FEC codes used in the transmission. This adaptive optimization is done by observing the channel status or load and increasing or decreasing both coding schemes' gains. Computer simulations show the performance of the proposed multiple access scheme     

Performance Analysis of Random Access Packet-Switched Code Division Multiple Access Systems

Analytical techniques for performance evaluation of synchronous random access packet switching in code division multiple access (CDMA) systems are presented. Steady-state throughput characteristics using several packet generation models are obtained. A number of example random access CDMA systems are compared in terms of their throughput versus offered traffic and utilization-delay characteristics. Numerical results indicate that appropriate use of multiaccess coding can provide utilization-delay characteristics superior to that of ALOHA. System stability is evaluated using a general finite user model, and the dynamic behavior of some example random access CDMA schemes is investigated.     

Cooperative-diversity slotted ALOHA

We propose a cooperative-diversity technique for ad hoc networks based on the decode-and-forward relaying strategy. We develop a MAC protocol based on slotted ALOHA that allows neighbors of a transmitter to act as relays and forward a packet toward its final destination when the transmission to the intended recipient fails. The proposed technique provides additional robustness against fading, packet collisions and radio mobility. Network simulations confirm that under heavy traffic conditions, in which every radio always has packets to send, the proposed cooperative-diversity slotted-ALOHA protocol can provide a higher one-hop and end-to-end throughput than the standard slotted-ALOHA protocol can. A similar advantage in end-to-end delay can be obtained when the traffic is light. As a result, the proposed cooperative-diversity ALOHA protocol can be used to improve these measures of Quality of Service (QoS) in ad hoc wireless networks. John M. Shea (S’92–M’99) received the B.S. (with highest honors) in Computer Engineering from Clemson University in 1993 and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Clemson University in 1995 and 1998, respectively. Dr. Shea is currently an Associate Professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Florida. Prior to that, he was an Assistant Professor at the University of Florida from July 1999 to August 2005 and a post-doctoral research fellow at Clemson University from January 1999 to August 1999. He was a research assistant in the Wireless Communications Program at Clemson University from 1993 to 1998. He is currently engaged in research on wireless communications with emphasis on error-control coding, cross-layer protocol design, cooperative diversity techniques, and hybrid ARQ. Dr. Shea was selected as a Finalist for the 2004 Eta Kappa Nu Outstanding Young Electrical Engineer Award. He received the Ellersick Award from the IEEE Communications Society in 1996. Dr. Shea was a National Science Foundation Fellow from 1994 to 1998. He is an Associate Editor for the IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. Tan F. Wong received the B.Sc. degree (1st class honors) in electronic engineering from the Chinese University of Hong Kong in 1991, and the M.S.E.E. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Purdue University in 1992 and 1997, respectively. He was a research engineer working on the high speed wireless networks project in the Department of Electronics at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. He also served as a post-doctoral research associate in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Purdue University. Since August 1998 he has been with the University of Florida, where he is currently an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering. He serves as Editor for Wideband and Multiple Access Wireless Systems for the IEEE Transactions on Communications and as the Editor for the IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.