盐浴炉的技术改造

在全国机械行业内,热处理电炉中盐浴炉的比重约占20％,节能潜力很大。各企业制造盐浴炉的原理虽然一样,但它们的具体结构却不相同,有的差别极大,在使用过程中总是出现许多问题,常见的是炉膛剥落、漏盐,并且热效率低,劳动强度大。在多次拆修盐浴炉的过程中,我们总结出了一种优化结构的改造方案。 1.耐火材料的选择 改变单一耐火浇注料的浇注方法和耐火砖的砌筑方法,合二为一。中、低温炉用异型粘土质耐火砖砌筑炉膛,高温炉用异型高铝砖砌筑,两者均用     

使用电极盐浴炉的若干选择

电极盐浴炉(简称盐炉)是一种结构简单、使用灵活、投资及维护费用低的热处理设备。它可在脱氧良好的条件下利用盐浴进行少无氧化脱碳的热处理。盐浴热处理在德国的应用，至今仍十分广泛，尤其在工模具行业，仍不失为一种有效的加热方法。     

盐浴炉石墨组合电极的研制

根据石墨材料的有关性能和针对可调石墨电极存在的问题 ,研制了石墨组合电极结构形式。实践证明 ,该电极具有性能优良、成本低廉、加工性能好、易于推广应用等特点     

单相马蹄形埋入式电极盐浴炉制造及其维护

盐浴炉是处理高速钢刀具的主要设备，其结构多样，效果不一。几十年来，我们用惯了马蹄形单相埋入式，现将设计、制造和维护几方面技术简介如下，仅供参考。     

链条零件材质的选用及其热处理方式特点

由于链条广泛应用于机械传动机构中，尤其在摩托车、自行车(赛车)、汽车等机械中对其在拉力、耐磨、耐蚀方面要求具备较高的性能。因此许多生产厂商在对其材质的选用及热处理方式上有所差异。     

双电极焊条熔滴过渡的特点及形式

用激光背光高速摄像系统研究了双电极焊条的熔滴过渡，阐述了双电极焊条熔滴过渡的特点，基于试验结果，总结了双电极焊条熔滴过渡的各种形式。双电极焊条单弧焊，工件不接电源，熔滴的过渡方向与电流方向不同，电弧对药皮的加热易于使焊芯两边药皮产生滞熔，形成两边尖中间凹的套筒形状，从而有利于熔滴以渣壁过渡形式过渡。钛钙型双电极碳钢焊条和不锈钢焊条具有渣壁过渡、喷射过渡和爆炸过渡等多种过渡形式，以细熔滴渣壁过渡为主，而石墨型堆焊焊条主要以粗熔滴渣壁过渡为主。     

洁净盐浴渗硼法的特点及其应用

本文介绍了一种在技术上取得了突破的实用盐浴渗硼技术,即洁净盐浴渗硼法,讨论了盐浴的流动性、腐蚀性、清洗性、活性恢复及重复利用等工艺性能。     

低真空变压热处理技术的特点及其发展

一、前言 热处理质量取决于热处理工艺,正确完成热处理工艺取决于热处理设备。先进的热处理设备不仅应正确完成热处理工艺,而且应兼有节能和防止污染的特点。 20世纪40～50年代的“老三炉”(老式箱式、井式和盐浴炉的简称),现在仍占领着我国大部分     

山形组合密封圈的特点及其应用

从山形组合密封圈的结构、材料及密封机理方面出发，详细介绍了该密封圈的特点及适用范围。     

石墨组合电极在盐浴炉中的应用

介绍了盐浴炉用石墨组合电极的生产应用情况及注意事项，并将石墨组合电极的性能特点分别与可调式石墨电极和传统的钢质电极进行了对比，从而达到推广应用的目的。     

石墨的非还原热离子发射特性

本文在近期所发表的有关文章的基础上，对石墨的非还原热离子发射特性进行了系统的总结。对石墨在Ｃｓ２ＢＯ＾＋２，Ｃｓ２Ｃｌ＾＋和Ｃｓ２Ｂｒ＾＋离子发射中的增强作用进行了讨论，并给出采用石墨涂样技术正热电离质谱法高精度测定硼氯溴同位素的结果。     

Traction Characteristics of Graphite Lubricants at High Temperature

The high temperature (25°C to 538°C) traction characteristics of graphite lubricants containing additives of silver, phosphate glass, and zinc orthophosphate were evaluated in a specially designed ball-on-disk traction device. Bearing quality balls of hot-pressed silicon nitride burnished with the graphite lubricant were loaded against lubricated disks of hot-pressed silicon nitride. Characteristic behavior of the measured tractions was similar in nature to that of liquid lubricants, however, traction force magnitudes were often much higher. Traction coefficients ranged from us low us 0.07 to as high as 0.66. Based on the data collected, an empirical solid lubricant traction model was constructed and applied to an advanced bearing analysis code.     

Effect of Graphite on Friction and Wear Characteristics of Molybdenum Dithiocarbamate

The effects of graphite powder on the friction and wear characteristics of molybdenum dithiocarbamate MoDTC were studied in reciprocated sliding contact using a ball-on-plate type tester. The oil used was squalane, a pure hydrocarbon. The addition of MoDTC alone to the oil showed a high coefficient of friction at an early stage of a rubbing test, since the extent of the formation of a surface film containing MoS₂ was insufficient to decrease the coefficient of friction. The high friction at the early stage brought about noticeable wear. On the other hand, the addition of graphite powder together with succinimide-type dispersant to the oil containing MoDTC considerably improved the friction and wear performance not only at the early stage but also at the steady stage. The added graphite powder seems to cover the part of rubbing surfaces without a film containing MoS₂ to reduce the friction and wear, not only at the steady stage after the running-in process, but also in the running-in process or at the early stage.     

活塞连杆一体型压缩机运动分析

活塞连杆一体型压缩机的运动部件少,降低了累积误差,有助于降低生产成本。介绍了该新结构的结构特点,对活塞、连杆的运动关系进行了推导与分析,并对压缩机样机的运动参数进行数值计算。结果表明:该机型压缩机活塞运动规律是复杂的平面运动,活塞与气缸镜面间的泄漏间隙小,是一种很有前景的微型压缩机。     

高线速度石墨密封多物理场耦合特性

高线速度运行的石墨密封常伴随着高热量的摩擦磨损,为了满足航空发动机轴承腔高线速度和低压差工况的密封需求,基于四瓣式石墨密封,建立多物理场耦合分析模型,并通过实验结果比对验证计算模型的准确性;通过多物理场耦合分析,研究高线速度和低压差工况下石墨密封的流场、温度场及结构场特性。结果表明：封严气体在周向槽及密封环段搭接处压力不平衡,流速分布不均且在流场出口附近紊乱;泄漏量随着密封线速度的增大而减小,随着密封压差的增大而增大;密封环温度、变形和应力都随着密封线速度的增大而增大,温度场对密封环结构影响最大;封严气体能减轻密封环变形,但气体力会增大密封环的应力值;摩擦热对密封结构影响显著,尤其在环段搭接和防转销处。     

Dry Friction and Wear Characteristics of Impregnated Graphite in a Corrosive Environment

Tribological properties of impregnated graphite are greatly influenced by preparation technology and working conditions and it’s highly susceptible to corrosion environmental impacts,but the experimental research about it are few.In this paper,three kinds of impregnated graphite samples are prepared with different degree of graphitization,the tribological properties of these samples in the dry friction environment and in a corrosive environment are analyzed and contrasted.The tribo-test results show that the friction coefficient of samples is reduced and the amount of wear of samples increase when the graphitization degree of samples increases in dry friction condition.While in a corrosive environment（samples are soaked N2O4）,the friction coefficient and amount of wear are changed little if the graphitization degree of samples are low.If the degree of graphitization increase,the friction coefficient and amount of wear of samples increase too,the amount of wear is 2 to 3 times as the samples tested in the non-corrosive environment under pv value of 30MPa？m/s.The impregnated graphite,which friction coefficient is stable and graphitization degree is in mid level,such#2,is more appropriate to have a work in the corrosion conditions.In this paper,preparation and tribological properties especially in corrosive environment of the impregnated graphite is studied,the research conclusion can provide an experimental and theoretical basis for the selection and process improvement of graphite materials,and also provide some important design parameters for contact seal works in a corrosive environment.     

含内阻的拉杆组合转子双稳态振动特性

为揭示含内阻组合转子复杂的双稳态振动特性,基于拉格朗日方程推导了含轮盘接触、非线性油膜力及内阻的组合转子非线性运动控制方程.采用升速和降速相结合的方法研究了组合转子跨2阶临界转速的非线性动力学行为及内阻机理.研究结果表明:组合转子双稳态振动特征显著,内阻导致出现双稳态现象的转速区间明显向低转速方向移动,在分析组合转子振...     

列车终端电阻研究与应用

广州地铁2号线A5型列车采用了IEC61375 TCN标准的德国总线控制系统,该系统由多功能车辆总线(MVB)实现车辆控制。为保证总线信号的正确传输,需在每个网段的终端设备设置终端电阻。终端电阻可内置在网络设备的网卡内,也可以外置在网络设备的MVB连接器内。根据终端设备电阻位置情况及列车网络结构,可判断MVB连接器结构。由于网络结点较多,将每个MVB终端连接器拆开查看是否正确,效率较低,为便于操作提高效率,可通过终端电阻的测量,整改降低网络故障,优化网络的通讯质量,确保列车运行安全。