丁腈橡胶增容丁苯橡胶/聚氯乙烯共混体系

采用一系列结合丙烯腈质量分数不同的丁腈橡胶(NBR)作为丁苯橡胶(SBR)／聚氯乙烯(PVC)不相容共混物的增容剂,研究了SBR／PVC／NBR硫化胶的力学性能,并用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和动态黏弹仪研究了该硫化胶的形态结构与相容性。结果表明,结合丙烯腈质量分数为20％～26％的NBR是SBR／PVC的优良增容剂,可提高共混物的力学性能,使SBR相和PVC相达到微细均匀化分散,并在两相之间形成了界面层,使得增容效果达到最佳。     

CPE/纳米SiO_2增容SBR/PVC热塑性弹性体的研究

研究了氯化聚乙烯（CPE）、CPE／纳米Si02增容丁苯橡胶／聚氯乙烯（SBR／PVC）共混型热塑性弹性体（TPV）的力学性能、耐溶剂性能和耐热变形性能,并用扫描电镜（SEM）分析了TPV的断面微观形态结构。结果表明,CPE／纳米SiO2的加入,细化了交联SBR分散相,改善了SBR在PVC中的分散性,有效提高了SBR与PVC的相容性;当CPE和纳米SiO2的质量分数分别为5％和9％时,增容效果好,与未增容TPV相比,增容TPV的断裂拉伸强度和撕裂强度分别增加了165．7％和108．8％,耐溶剂性能和耐热变形性能也明显提高。     

PVC—PE 共混体系的研究进展

本文简要介绍了不相容聚合物共混中增容剂的作用,聚合物共混物的制备、分析及相容性表征的常用方法。在此基础上,详细讨论了两种通用的聚合物——聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯共混的发展概况。从现有文献看,聚氯乙烯/聚乙烯共混改性是一项难度较大的研究课题,其共混材料具有较好的实际使用前景。     

氯化聚丙烯对PP/PVC共混物性能的影响

以氯化聚丙烯(CPP)为增容剂,探讨了CPP不同含量下PP/PVC体系的力学性能、相容性、流变性能以及对应的微观结构,并与氯化聚乙烯(CPE)增容剂进行了比较。发现添加5份CPP可明显改善PP和PVC两相界面相容性,与PP/PVC体系相比,拉伸强度提高了61%,无缺口冲击强度提高了100%。此时CPP还起到了一定的增塑作用,共混体系加工性能较好。与CPE相比,含有CPP的共混体系拉伸强度较高。     

PVC／SBR热塑性弹性体的研制

本文分别以ABS、氯丁橡胶（CR）、马来酸酐接枝SBR作增容剂对PVC／SBR的共混比、增容剂、增塑剂用量做了优化选择。同时对动态硫化PVC／SBR的硫化体系、硫化工艺条件进行了探讨,并比较了动态硫化对共混体性能的影响。结果表明：PVC／SBR为80／20,增容剂ABS／SBR－MA为5／5时,选用半有效硫化体系,165℃下动态硫化6min,共混物综合性能最佳。     

PVC/PE共混体系的研究—CPE对PVC/LDPE共混物的增容作用

采用氯化聚乙烯(CPE)作为聚氯乙烯(PVC)/低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)共混物的增容剂,用机械共混法制样,研究了共混条件及共混物组成对共混物的力学性能、加工性能、相态结构的影响。研究表明,在120℃下 LDPE 与 CPE 先预混5分钟,再于155℃下将 LDPE、CPE 与 PVC 共混15～20分钟所得到的共混物性能较好。PVC 为主的 PVC/LDPE 共混物中 CPE 较佳用量为5份(相对于100份 PVC)。DTA、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究证实了 CPE 的增容作用。此外,熔融指数测定结果表明,共混物中 LDPE 含量增高,共混物的熔融指数增大。     

PVC／PE共混体系中增容—交联协同效应的研究

本文研究了 PVC 和 PE 共混体系中增容剂(CPE),交联剂(DCP、DAP)及 MgO的作用,发现在 PVC 和 PE 共混体系中单独使用 CPE 或 DCP 增容效果并不太好,而CPE 和 DCP 同时使用则比单独使用效果好,如果再进一步在 PVC-PE-CPE-DCP 体系中加入适量 DAP 和 MgO 则 PVC-PE 共混体系的相容性的改善更为明显,根据这些实验结果我们提出了不相容聚合物共混体糸中的增容—交联协同作用。     

VC／BA共混物增容PVC／HDPE共混体系的研究

采用氯乙烯—丙烯酸丁酯(VC/BA)共混物作为聚氯乙烯(PVC)/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)共混物的增容剂,通过冲击实验、拉仲实验、动态力学分析,系统地研究了共混体系性能与其结构之间的关系。通过Brabender流变仪测定了VC/BA共混物增容PVC/HDPE共混体系的流变性能。结果表明,VC/BA共混物是PVC/HDPE共混体系的良好增容剂。在一定范围内,VC/BA共混物与HDPE对PVC有协同增韧效应。vC/BA和HDPE的加入改善了PVC的塑化和流变性能     

聚丙烯/聚氯乙烯共混物阻燃性能的研究

选用聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)为增容剂,以聚丙烯(PP)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)不相容体系为基体,采用双螺杆挤出机制备了PP/PVC共混物混合料。研究了不同PVC组分比及增容剂对PP/PVC共混体系阻燃性能的影响;并对PP/PVC体系的综合性能进行了研究。结果表明,随着PVC用量的增加,PP/PVC共混体系的阻燃性能逐渐变好,力学性能大幅下降。增容剂PP-g-MAH能够明显改善PP/PVC共混体系的力学性能,当其用量为4份时体系的力学性能较好。添加阻燃协效剂Sb2O3可以明显提高PP/PVC共混体系的阻燃性能。     

天然橡胶增韧聚氯乙烯的研究

采用未改性的标准天然橡胶(NR)作增韧剂,通过机械共混法制备增韧聚氯乙烯(PVC)复合材料,考察了NR和增容剂用量对PVC增韧效果以及力学性能的影响.结果表明:当NR用量为10份时,材料的冲击强度最高为24.87 kJ/m2;加入增容剂环氧化天然橡胶(ENR)后,材料的冲击强度随其用量的增加而增大,在ENR为5份时其冲击强度为69.86 kJ/m2;氯化聚乙烯(CPE)作增容剂时,其冲击强度先升后降,在4份时达到峰值103.93 kJ/m2;氯化橡胶(CNR)作增容剂在3份时,其冲击强度达到最佳值35.37 kJ/m2;增容增韧后共混物的拉伸强度普遍降低.     

CPE改性SBS接枝胶粘剂的研制

研究了CPE、SBS与MMA在甲苯、丁酮混合溶剂中的三元接枝共聚反应,并用红外光谱和扫描电镜对接枝产物进行了表征。结果表明,在SBS接枝体系中引入不超过骨架聚合物(SBS+CPE)总量25%的CPE,可提高所制胶粘剂对PVC人造革的粘合性能。     

PVC／EPDM共混体系的性能和结构

研究了增塑PVC/EPDM共混物的力学性能和形态结构,考察了不同增容剂的作用,发现CPE比EVA和NBR更好。同时,EPDM/CPE比值不应过大,且对不同聚合度PVC,该比值有不同要求。     

氯化聚乙烯的研究与应用

综述了溶剂法、水相悬浮法和固相氯化法制备氯化聚乙烯(CPE)的特点。介绍了具有不同氯含量及结构的CPE性能及其在塑料、橡胶等领域的应用。重点阐述了在低密度聚乙烯／聚氯乙烯(PVC)、PVC／苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)、乙烯,乙烯-乙酸乙烯,炭黑共混体系和氯丁橡胶,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、SBS／MMA接枝体系引入CPE对体系的增容、稳定、协同作用：以及CPE作为第三组分在高密度聚乙烯／PVC／CPE、苯乙烯-丙烯腈／CPE共混体系中对共混物形态、机械性能和流变性能的影响。     

弹性体对ABS/PVC合金性能的影响

研究了弹性体对ABS/PVC合金性能的影响 ,结果表明CPE和P83与ABS/PVC有较好的相容性 ,能使ABS/PVC合金在保持较高软化温度的同时 ,极大改进材料的韧性、冲击强度由 8kJ/m2 分别提高到约 14kJ/m2 和 18kJ/m2 。与CPE相比 ,P83作为ABS/PVC合金的增韧剂效果更好 ,最佳用量比 14 %     

Polymer reprocessing: Properties of polyethylene—polyvinyl chloride mixtures

The increasing tendency to consider waste polymers as suitable stocks for reconversion calls for guidelines as to the processing and end-product behavior of mixtures involving commodity polymers. In the present case, flow and some mechanical properties of mixtures involving low density polyethylene (PE) and filled polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were determined and used as a base-line of comparison with similar properties of multi-component mixtures involving potential compatibilizers for the incompatible matrix pair. Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer and ELvaloy polymeric plasticizer were the property modifiers selected. Blends were produced by roll-mill, Brabender or Banbury mixing. Flow properties were measured by capillary viscometry and solid-state properties were characterized by stress-strain data and tensile impact performance. Melt viscosities were non-linear functions of blend composition and varied significantly with the choice of compatibiliser, EVA and CPE producing greater benefits of melt strength than did Elvaloy. Elastic moduli, ultimate tensiles and tensile impact data also responded to the presence of compatibiliser, the EVA and CPE again being more effective in upgrading the properties of the incompatible matrix pair than was Elvaloy. Results, while preliminary, suggest guidelines for the composition of PE/PVC stocks with upgraded performance balance.     

废旧塑料回收中的共混技术应用

通过对废旧塑料回收方法的分析 ,提出了在物理回收中应用共混技术 ,可以提高产品性能和产品附加值 ,降低成本。并着重探讨了塑料回收中PVC/CPE、PS/SBS、PP/LDPE、PVC/PE/CPE等体系的共混方法。     

POE-g-MAH在木粉/PVC复合材料中的应用研究

在木粉/PVC共混体系中,POE-g-MAH的加入提高了复合材料的拉伸、冲击强度,改善了材料的外观及加工性能。通过SEM发现,POE-g-MAH的引入增强了木粉和PVC之间的界面黏接性。而CPE的加入与POE-g-MAH共同作用,进一步改善了体系的机械性能、加工性及外观。     

Chlorinated polyethylene modification of blends derived from waste plastics. Part II: Mechanism of modification

Previous publications have shown that the stress-strain behavior, especially ductility, of some incompatible polymer blends are greatly improved by the addition of slurry produced chlorinated polyethylenes (CPE). This improvement is greatest for blends containing polyethylene and PVC. The most effective CPE's have some residual polyethylene crystallinity and may be described as block-like polymers with ethylene sequences and chlorine containing sequences. It is postulated that CPE addition improves the blend properties by increasing the adhesion between domains in the blend via interactions with the blend components. This hypothesis was explored by thermal analysis, dynamic mechanical testing, adhesion studies, and microscopy. It is concluded that the interaction of CPE with polyethylene derives from compatibility of rather long methylene sequences in CPE with the polyethylene which results in good adhesive bonding. The interaction of CPE with PVC may not be owing to segmental compatibility but simply good mutual adhesion between similar polar materials. There is no interaction or adhesion between CPE and polystyrene as would be expected. CPE addition to blends is accompanied by a decrease in component domain size. The relationship between CPE structure and its effectiveness as a blend modifier is discussed.     

PVC／TPU／SBS—g—MMA共混体系研究

制备了ＳＢＳ－ｇ－ＭＭＡ系列接枝共聚物,并对其进行了表征。以ＳＢＳ－ｇ－ＭＭＡ作为ＰＶＣ／ＴＰＵ共混体系的增容剂,对不同配比的ＰＶＣ／ＴＰＵ／ＳＢＳ－ｇ－ＭＭＡ共混体系的物理力学性能、流变性等进行了研究。结果表明,ＳＢＳ－ｇ－ＭＭＡ接枝共聚物对ＰＶＣ／ＴＰＵ共混体系起到了明显的增容作用。     

A study on poly(vinyl chloride) blends with chlorinated polyethylene and polyethylene

By means of a twin-roll masticator and Brabender rheometer, the effect of chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) and polyethylene (PE) on the impact strength and processability of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was studied. The experimental results show that CPE can promote the plasticity of PVC and the effect increases with the amount of CPE. Addition of a small amount of PE in PVC/CPE (100/12) makes an impressive improvement in the impact strength of the mixture. The impact strength of PVC/CPE/PE (100/ 12/2.5) at 20°C is 30.0 kJ/m² higher than that of PVC/CPE (100/12). The dynamic viscoelastic spectra, tensile strength, and elongation test reveal that CPE is incompatible with PVC but may act as a compatibilizer for PVC/PE. The disperse state of the polyblend was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); it was found that the mixing sequence has an influence on the impact strength of the blend.