计及风火系统聚合特性的虚拟电厂经济调度研究

提出一个VPP(虚拟发电厂)聚合出力特性的含新能源电网的两阶段经济调度模型。第一阶段基于包含若干风场与火电机组的VPP聚合出力特性决策VPP的总出力;第二阶段将总出力在VPP内部各发电单元之间进行分配。上述两个阶段都采用线性规划方法求解。基于IEEE—6母线电网的数值算例的计算结果表明,与传统经济调度方法相比,本研究提出的模型能降低风电弃风量近50%。     

中国电力生产灰色动态波动周期研究

在电力系统规划及电力市场发展与竞争中,认识电力生产的周期波动性有着重要的意义。以灰色系统理论为基础,以发电量作为研究对象,提出一种灰色自回归模型,定量研究了中国电力生产波动周期,同时附以GM(1,1)模型对电力生产的动态波动周期验证,结果显示中国电力生产的波动周期为8a左右,并以此为基础定性分析了中国电力生产波动周期的特征,这对研究中国电力工业未来的发展趋势具有重要的指导意义。     

Power smoothing in large wind farms using optimal control of rotating kinetic energy reserves

In large wind farms, self‐induced turbulence levels significantly increase the variability of generated power in a range of time scales from a few seconds to several minutes. In the current study, we investigate the potential for reducing this type of variability by dynamically controlling the rotating kinetic energy reserves that are present in the farm's wind turbines. To this end, we reduce the burden of frequency regulation on remaining conventional units when they are displaced in favor of wind turbines. We focus on the development of a theoretical benchmark framework in which we explore the trade‐off between high energy extraction and low variability using optimal coordinated control of multiple turbines subject to a turbulent wind field. This wind field is obtained from a large‐eddy simulation of a fully developed wind farm boundary layer. The controls that are optimized are the electric torque and the pitch angles of the individual turbines as function of time so that turbines are accelerated or decelerated to optimally extract or store energy in the turbines' rotating inertia. Results are presented in terms of Pareto fronts (i.e., curves with optimal trade‐offs), and we find that power variations can be significantly reduced with limited loss of extracted energy. For a one‐turbine case, such an optimal control leads to large potential reductions of variability but mainly for time scales below 10 s if we limit power losses to a few percent. Variability over longer time scales (10–100 s) is reduced considerably more for coordinated control. For instance, restricting the energy‐loss incurred with smoothing to 1%, and looking at time scales of 50 s, we manage to reduce variability with a factor of 6 for a coordinated case with 24 turbines, compared with a factor of 1.4 for an uncoordinated case. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modelling utility-scale wind power plants. Part 1: Economics

As the worldwide use of wind turbine generators continues to increase in utility-scale applications, it will become increasingly important to assess the economic and reliability impact of these intermittent resources. Although the utility industry in the United States appears to be moving towards a restructured environment, basic economic and reliability issues will continue to be relevant to companies involved with electricity generation. This article is the first of two which address modelling approaches and results obtained in several case studies and research projects at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). This first article addresses the basic economic issues associated with electricity production from several generators that include large-scale wind power plants. An important part of this discussion is the role of unit commitment and economic dispatch in production cost models. This paper includes overviews and comparisons of the prevalent production cost modelling methods, including several case studies applied to a variety of electric utilities. The second article discusses various methods of assessing capacity credit and results from several reliability-based studies performed at NREL. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Research on non-grid-connected wind power/water-electrolytic hydrogen production system

Hydrogen has been recognized as the most promising future energy carrier. At present, industrial hydrogen production processes are not independent of traditional energy resources, which could easily cause secondary pollution. China has abundant wind energy resources. The total installed capacity of wind power doubled every year in the last five years, and reached 26 000 MW by the end of 2009, but over 9880 MW wind turbines were not integrated into grid because of the peak shaving restraint. In this paper, wind power is directly used in water-electrolytic process by some technical improvements, to design non-grid-connected wind power/water-electrolytic hydrogen production system. The system all works properly, based on not only the wind/grid complementary power supply but also the independent supply of simulation wind power. The large-scale fluctuation of current density has little impact on current efficiency and gas quality, and only affects gas output. The new system can break through the bottlenecks of wind power utilization, and explore a diversified development way of large-scale wind power, which will contribute to the development of green economy and low carbon economy in China.     

浮式风电制氢装置设计研究

对浮式风电制氢装置工程化进行了研究,并基于8～10 MW的浮式风电平台,设计了3MW独立式风电制氢装置,制定了利用风机发电提供的能源,提取海水进行纯化和电解水制氢的技术路线,提出了关键设备的技术要求,并进行了系统的布置及初步的安全性和经济性分析。结果表明,由于经济性差,海工应用还不成熟,目前海上浮式制氢的工程化还需要一个过程,进行工程试验是大规模工程化的前提。     

基于Balmorel模型的风电消纳能力研究

准确衡量风电消纳能力是进行风电规划、电网运行方式和调度计划安排的基础。从资源有效利用和整合的视角研究风电消纳能力是目前国内外的热点,介绍了Balmorel模型的特点和适用性,并基于该模型对某省2011年风电实际消纳能力进行模拟。结果表明,基于小时级生产模拟的Balmorel模型,能够准确计算在现有边界条件下,接入一定规模风电,该省的风电消纳能力,并且能够灵活模拟不同策略下风电消纳能力的提高情况。     

并网型风电耦合制氢系统经济性分析

为了减小风电对电网的冲击并增大风能的有效利用,并网风电耦合氢能系统被认为是能源利用的一种新模式。对风电场耦合制氢系统,首先设计了风电场可耦合制氢系统的产能,然后对该系统的收入、支出及净现金流量进行分析。最后以上海东海风电场为例,通过对其耦合制氢系统的经济性进行分析,指出该项目收益明显;并对H2产量和风电价格2个因素作了敏感性分析。     

大规模风电对江苏电网规划影响的实证分析

随着我国风电的大力发展,准确合理地认识风力发电的特点及其对电力系统规划的影响对电力系统的发展有着重要意义.基于大量的实际运行数据,依据风电运行模拟方法,研究江苏省千万千瓦级风电场出力的相关性及其对规划的影响;分析了风电出力特征曲线对电力系统规划的价值,通过统计和分析,给出了江苏省风电出力的几类典型特征曲线;在分析大规模风电出力波动性的基础上,研究了2020年千万千瓦风电接入江苏后负荷持续曲线的变化及其对系统规划带来的综合影响.通过实证分析,得出了大规模风电接入后对于电力系统规划工作的有益启示.     

湍流对风力发电机组发电性能评价的影响研究

风力发电机组的发电量通过功率曲线和对应风频分布计算得出,功率曲线通过功率曲线测试获得,风频分布通过长期测风数据获得。然而功率曲线在测试过程中,由于环境因素不同以及测试周期有限等原因,称为特定环境条件下的功率曲线,与理论功率曲线有所偏差。通过研究湍流强度对功率曲线的影响,利用理论方法修正测试功率曲线到特定湍流强度,以达到更准确评估实际发电量的目的,为风电场评估项目发电量以及机组性能提供更可靠的理论依据。     

含大规模风光电源电力系统随机生产模拟

从电源规划的角度,利用随机生产模拟对新能源接入系统发电成本进行评估。根据风电与光伏电源的自身电源特性及其与电网的相互关系,提出风电与光伏电源参与随机生产模拟的原则。根据所提原则对应提出风功率损失期望及弃风比率2个评价指标。并利用IEEE-RTS测试系统验证了所提原则及方法的有效性与可行性。     

酒泉地区风电场风电功率预报研究

利用NOAA天气预报模式Weather Research andForecasting Model(WRF)结合统计订正方法对酒泉地区短期风电功率预报进行了预报实验。与实际出力比较24 h短期风电功率预报精度较高。并在此基础上利用风电场附近测风塔观测数据通过时间序列发进行了0~4 h超短期预报实验,预报结果显示0~2 h预报结果有利于运行调度。