PRESENT密码代数故障攻击

提出了一种新的PRESENT密码故障分析方法——代数故障攻击。将代数攻击和故障攻击相结合,首先利用代数攻击方法建立密码算法等效布尔代数方程组;然后通过故障攻击手段获取错误密文信息,并将故障差分和密文差分转化为额外的布尔代数方程组;最后使用CryptoMiniSAT解析器求解方程组恢复密钥。结果表明:在PRESENT-80的第29轮注入宽度为4的故障,故障位置和值未知时,2次故障注入可在50s内恢复64bit后期白化密钥,将PRESENT-80密钥搜索空间降低为216,经1min暴力破解恢复完整主密钥;和现有PRESENT故障攻击相比,该攻击所需样本量是最小的;此外该代数故障分析方法也可为其他分组密码故障分析提供一定思路。     

SHACAL-2算法的差分故障攻击

该文采用面向字的随机故障模型,结合差分分析技术,评估了SHACAL-2算法对差分故障攻击的安全性。结果显示:SHACAL-2算法对差分故障攻击是不免疫的。恢复出32 bit子密钥的平均复杂度为8个错误密文,完全恢复出512 bit密钥的复杂度为128个错误密文。     

FOX密码的不可能差分攻击

利用中间相遇法找到了FOX密码的4轮不可能差分,并利用不可能差分分析的方法,结合"时间-空间"权衡技术,改进了对FOX密码的攻击结果.结果显示:对于FOX64,攻击5轮的数据复杂度为239,时间复杂度为268,攻击6轮的数据复杂度为256,时间复杂度为2133,7轮的攻击复杂度分别为256和2213;对于FOX128,5轮攻击的复杂度为272和2134.也就是说7轮FOX64/256和5轮FOX128/192 /256对改进后给出的不可能差分攻击都是不免疫的.     

基于密钥编排故障的SMS4算法的差分故障分析

提出并讨论了一种针对SMS4密钥编排方案的差分故障攻击方法.该方法采用面向字节的随机故障模型,通过在SMS4算法的密钥编排方案中导入故障,仅需要8个错误密文即可恢复SMS4算法的128bit原始密钥.数学分析和实验结果表明,该方法不仅扩展了故障诱导的攻击范围,而且提高了故障诱导的攻击成功率,减少了错误密文数,为故障攻击其他分组密码提供了一种通用的分析手段.     

轻量级分组密码PUFFIN的差分故障攻击

基于代换–置换网络结构的轻量级分组密码算法PUFFIN在资源受限的硬件环境中使用较广泛,差分故障攻击是针对硬件密码算法较为有效的攻击手段。该文针对PUFFIN算法,改进多比特故障模型,通过构建输出差分和可能输入值之间的关系,注入5次故障即可确定单个S盒唯一输入值;在最后一轮加密过程中注入10次故障,成功恢复轮密钥的概率为78.64%,进而可恢复初始密钥。     

11轮3D密码的不可能差分攻击

3D密码是CANS 2008提出的新的分组密码算法, 其设计思想是基于美国高级加密标准AES,但3D密码算法采用的是3维结构。该文根据3D算法的结构特点,构造出一类新的6轮不可能差分区分器,将3D密码的不可能差分攻击扩展到11轮。将10轮不可能差分攻击时间复杂度降为2318.8。该文中大量应用预计算技术,大大降低了时间复杂度,对于分组密码的实际攻击中的数据处理,提高运算效率过程,有很好的借鉴意义。     

基于微控制器的AES激光注入攻击研究

密码设备面临故障攻击的威胁,针对密码芯片的故障攻击手段研究是密码学和硬件安全领域的重要研究方向。脉冲激光具有较好的时空分辨性,是一种准确度较高的故障攻击手段。该文详细描述了激光注入攻击的原理和方法,以集成AES-128算法的微控制器(MCU)为例实施了激光注入攻击实验。实验以微控制器的SRAM为攻击目标,分别成功实现了差分故障攻击和子密钥编排攻击,恢复了其16 Byte的完整密钥,其中后一种攻击是目前首次以激光的手段实现。研究表明,激光注入攻击能准确定位关键数据存放的物理位置,并能在任意的操作中引入错误,实现单比特的数据翻转,满足故障攻击模型的需求。激光注入攻击能在较短时间内完成自动攻击和密文收集,攻击过程贴近真实场景,对密码芯片具有极大的威胁。     

FOX算法的中间相遇攻击

研究了FOX分组密码算法在中间相遇攻击下的安全性。首先,分别构造了FOX64和FOX128的3轮中间相遇区分器,实施了6轮中间相遇攻击,得到对6轮FOX64和FOX128较好的攻击结果。其次,将FOX128的中间相遇区分器扩展到4轮,并结合时间存储数据折衷的方法,攻击了7轮FOX128,与已有的攻击结果相比,攻击的时间复杂度和存储复杂度略大,而数据复杂度明显降低。     

基于微控制器的AES激光注入攻击研究

密码设备面临故障攻击的威胁,针对密码芯片的故障攻击手段研究是密码学和硬件安全领域的重要研究方向.脉冲激光具有较好的时空分辨性,是一种准确度较高的故障攻击手段.该文详细描述了激光注入攻击的原理和方法,以集成AES-128算法的微控制器(MCU)为例实施了激光注入攻击实验.实验以微控制器的SRAM为攻击目标,分别成功实现了差分故障攻击和子密钥编排攻击,恢复了其16 Byte的完整密钥,其中后一种攻击是目前首次以激光的手段实现.研究表明,激光注入攻击能准确定位关键数据存放的物理位置,并能在任意的操作中引入错误,实现单比特的数据翻转,满足故障攻击模型的需求.激光注入攻击能在较短时间内完成自动攻击和密文收集,攻击过程贴近真实场景,对密码芯片具有极大的威胁.     

对比特搜索生成器的猜测确定攻击

针对具有低重量反馈多项式的比特搜索生成器(BSG),利用猜测确定攻击的思想提出了一种快速密钥恢复攻击。该算法基于BSG序列的差分构造特点,首先由截获的密钥流恢复出候选差分序列,然后用反馈多项式对候选差分序列进行校验,以此减少需要求解的L维线性方程系统的数量,从而大大减少了算法所需的复杂度。理论分析和仿真结果表明,对于反馈多项式的重量小于10的BSG,该算法明显优于现有的攻击方法。特别地当反馈多项式的重量为3时,该算法能够将最好的攻击结果O(L320.5L)降低到O(L20.5L)。     

An Effective Differential Fault Analysis on the Serpent Cryptosystem in the Internet of Things

Due to the strong attacking ability, fast speed, simple implementation and other characteristics, differential fault analysis has become an important method to evaluate the security of cryptosystem in the Internet of Things. As one of the AES finalists, the Serpent is a 128-bit Substitution-Permutation Network （SPN） cryptosystem. It has 32 rounds with the variable key length between 0 and 256 bits, which is flexible to provide security in the Internet of Things. On the basis of the byte-oriented model and the differential analysis, we propose an effective differential fault attack on the Serpent cryptosystem. Mathematical analysis and simulating experiment show that the attack could recover its secret key by introducing 48 faulty ciphertexts. The result in this study describes that the Serpent is vulnerable to differential fault analysis in detail. It will be beneficial to the analysis of the same type of other iterated cryptosystems.     

低轮FOX分组密码的差分碰撞攻击

This paper presents a method for differential collision attack of reduced FOX block cipher based on 4-round distinguishing property. It can be used to attack 5, 6 and 7-round FOX64 and 5-round FOX128. Our attack has a precomputation phase, but it can be obtained before attack and computed once for all. This attack on the reduced to 4-round FOX64 requires only 7 chosen plaintexts, and performs 242 .84-round FOX64 encryptions. It could be extended to 5 (6, 7)-round FOX64 by a key exhaustive search behind the fourth round. The time complexities of 5, 6 and 7-round FOX64 are approximate to 2106 .8, 2170 .8and 2234 .8, respectively. The attack on reduced FOX128 demands 11 chosen plain-texts, requires 2192one round encryptions in precomputation, performs approximately 276 .5 one round encryptions on 4-round FOX128, and is 2204 .5against 5-round FOX128.     

Differential Fault Attack on GIFT

GIFT,a lightweight block cipher proposed at CHES2017,has been widely cryptanalyzed this years.This paper studies the differential diffusion characteristics of round function of GIFT at first,and proposes a random nibble-based differential fault attack.The key recovery scheme is developed on the statistical properties we found for the differential distribution table of the S-box.A lot of experiments had been done and experimental results show that one round key can be retrieved with an average of 20.24 and 44.96 fault injections for GIFT-64 and GIFT-128 respectively.Further analysis shows that a certain number of fault injections recover most key bits.So we demonstrate an improved fault attack combined with the method of exhaustive search,which shows that the master key can be recovered by performing 216 and 217 computations and injecting 31 and 32 faults on an average for GIFT-64 and GIFT-128 respectively.     

Differential fault attack on FeW

In order to evaluate the security of the lightweight block cipher FeW,a differential fault attack method was proposed and discussed using a single byte random fault model.In this method,a single byte random fault was introduced on the right side of the last round of FeW to recover the key based on the statistical characteristics of S-box difference distribution,and the difference information was obtained using the characteristics of the linear diffusion function.The experiment results show that the complete key recovery can be achieved with an average of 47.73 and 79.55 fault injections for FeW-64-80 and FeW-64-128 respectively.If 2¹⁰exhaustive calculations are added to the key recovery process,the number of average fault injections required can be reduced to 24.90 and 41.50.This attack is effective on FeW.     

Differential Fault Analysis for Round‐Reduced AES by Fault Injection

This paper presents a practical differential fault analysis method for the faulty Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) with a reduced round by means of a semi‐invasive fault injection. To verify our proposal, we implement the AES software on the ATmega128 microcontroller as recommended in the standard document FIPS 197. We reduce the number of rounds using a laser beam injection in the experiment. To deduce the initial round key, we perform an exhaustive search for possible key bytes associated with faulty ciphertexts. Based on the simulation result, our proposal extracts the AES 128‐bit secret key in less than 10 hours with 10 pairs of plaintext and faulty ciphertext.     

低轮FOX分组密码的碰撞-积分攻击

FOX是最近推出的系列分组密码,它的设计思想基于可证安全的研究结果,且在各种平台上的性能优良.本文利用碰撞攻击和积分攻击相结合的技术分析FOX的安全性,结果显示碰撞-积分攻击比积分攻击有效,攻击对4轮FOX64的计算复杂度是2^45.4,对5轮FOX64的计算复杂度是2^109.4,对6轮FOX64的计算复杂度是2^173.4,对7轮FOX64的计算复杂度是2^237.4,且攻击所需数据量均为2⁹;也就是说4轮FOX64/64、5轮FOX64/128、6轮FOX64/192和7轮FOX64/256对本文攻击是不免疫的.     

Round reduction-based fault attack on SM4 algorithm

A novel method of fault attack based on round reduction against SM4 algorithm was proposed.Faults were in-jected into the last four rounds of the SM4 encryption algorithm,so that the number of the algorithm's rounds can be re-duced.In known-ciphertext scenario,four traces are enough to recover the total 128 bit master key by screening these faults easily.The proposed attack is made to an unprotected SM4 smart card.Experiment shows that this attack method is efficient,and which not only simplifies the existing differential fault attack,but also improves the feasibility of the attack.     

Integral fault analysis of the ARIA cipher

ARIA is a Korean standard block cipher,which is flexible to provide security for software and hardware implementation.Since its introduction,some research of fault analysis is devoted to attacking the last two rounds of ARIA.It is an open problem to know whether provoking faults at some former rounds of ARIA allowed recovering the secret key.An answer was given to solve this problem by showing a novel integral differential fault analysis on two rounds earlier of ARIA.The mathematical analysis and simulating experiments show that the attack can successfully recover its secret key by fault injections.The results in this study describe that the integral fault analysis is a strong threaten to the security of ARIA.The results are beneficial to the analysis of the same type of other block ciphers.