竹笋壳半纤维素水解液的制备

对用来发酵生产木糖醇的竹笋壳半纤维素水解液的制备进行了研究。在水解单因素试验基础上确定因素的合适水平,通过正交试验优化确定了水解条件:硫酸质量浓度0.01 g/m L、温度120℃、时间1 h、液料比(m L/g)8∶1。在该条件下水解木糖得率为69.31%,使半纤维素利用率得以提高。     

重组酵母发酵半纤维素水解液生产酒精的研究

玉米秸秆中的半纤维素主要由五碳糖组成,普通的酿酒酵母不能发酵五碳糖。今利用基因重组酵母Sacchromyces cerevisiae ZU-10发酵玉米秸秆半纤维素水解液生产酒精,针对半纤维素水解液中的主要发酵抑制物,研究了硫酸根离子、乙酸、糠醛对重组酵母生长的影响,发现S.cerevisiae ZU-10细胞对SO42·,乙酸和糠醛的耐受浓度分别为5g·L·1、0.25g·L·1和0.08g·L·1。对玉米秸秆半纤维素的水解工艺进行了比较研究,结果表明,玉米秸秆采用1%H2SO4(固液比1:10),在95℃水解12h,其中的半纤维素水解率达到93%,发酵抑制物相对较少。半纤维素水解液经石灰中和、真空浓缩及离子交换处理后,可用于酒精发酵。半纤维素水解液的糖浓度与浓缩倍数及发酵抑制物浓度成正相关,对于重组酵母S.cerevisiae ZU-10,半纤维素水解液的适宜糖浓度为80g·L·1。在此浓度下,接种量1.2g·L·1(细胞干重计)、30℃、厌氧发酵96h,酒精浓度为31.05g·L·1,水解液中的木糖利用率达到95.85%。该研究结果对于促进半纤维素资源的转化利用,加速秸秆酒精的产业化进程具有重要意义。     

季也蒙毕赤酵母DQ11发酵酒糟水解液生产木糖醇条件的优化

目的优化季也蒙毕赤酵母DQ11发酵酒糟水解液生产木糖醇的条件。方法通过单因素试验和正交试验,优化季也蒙毕赤酵母DQ11发酵酒糟水解液生产木糖醇的发酵温度、初始pH值、转速和接种量,通过高效液相色谱法测定发酵液中木糖醇的含量;采用最佳发酵条件发酵生产木糖醇,检测木糖醇含量。结果摇瓶发酵酒糟水解液生产木糖醇的最佳条件为:发酵温度28℃,起始pH值5.0,接种量5%(v/v),摇床转速180 r/min;以最佳条件发酵酒糟水解液生产木糖醇的含量为9.016 g/L。结论优化了季也蒙毕赤酵母DQ11发酵酒糟水解液生产木糖醇的条件,为以酒糟生产木糖醇的可能性提供了实验依据。     

缺失PHO13基因与进化工程构建高效利用木糖酵母

过表达了木糖还原酶、木糖醇脱氢酶和木酮糖激酶基因的重组工业酿酒酵母菌株KAM-6X内缺失了编码对硝基苯磷酸盐磷酸化酶的PHO13基因,接着通过EMS诱变和进化工程筛选,获得了一株高效利用木糖的菌株,命名为PE。有氧条件下,在含50 g/L木糖和100 g/L木糖的YPX中最大比生长速率分别为0.299和0.282 h^-1,分别比出发菌提高了95.43%和102.87%,同时PE菌株能在前24 h内耗掉36.12 g/L木糖,48 h内耗掉70.25 g/L木糖。微好氧条件下副产物产量降低,糖醇转化率最高达到0.382 g/g,证明PE是一株高效利用木糖发酵的工业酵母菌株。     

半纤维素水解液中抑制物对少根根霉发酵产富马酸的影响

考察了半纤维素水解液中含有的主要副产物乙酸、甲酸以及糠醛等对少根根霉利用木糖、葡萄糖发酵产富马酸的影响.少根根霉种子培养阶段对甲酸和糠醛的浓度较敏感,而乙酸对产酸发酵具有显著抑制作用;种子培养基中乙酸、甲酸和糠醛的浓度应分别控制在1.5、0.5、0.5 g/L以内.采用木糖为种子培养碳源,添加上述浓度的各种抑制物模拟半纤维素水解液用于少根根霉菌体的种子培养,后继利用葡萄糖发酵产富马酸35.4 g/L.     

产朊假丝酵母发酵油茶果壳水解液生产木糖醇

目的:本文以油茶果壳为原料,利用产朊假丝酵母发酵油茶果壳木糖水解液制备木糖醇,得到产朊假丝酵母发酵油茶果壳木糖水解液制备木糖醇的最佳工艺条件,为油茶果壳综合开发提供理论依据及数据参考。方法:采用稀硫酸水解油茶果壳半纤维素,利用Ca(OH)2和活性炭对水解液进行脱色脱毒,再利用产朊假丝酵母发酵水解液制备木糖醇,在单因素实验的基础上,通过响应面法设计实验优化油茶果壳木糖水解液制备木糖醇的工艺条件。结果:最佳优化结果为:初始p H值5.68,发酵温度28℃,装液量53.88 mL,接种量为10%,木糖醇得率优化值为(16.56±0.25)%。结论:方差分析结果表明,所选模型具有显著性(p0.05),相关系数R2=0.9523,验证试验木糖醇得率为(16.56±0.25)%,与预测值16.81%的误差仅为1.48%,证明所得模型可信,优化工艺参数切实可行。     

盐酸水解玉米秸秆木聚糖的动力学研究

对稀盐酸水解秸秆半纤维素生成木糖水解液过程进行动力学研究。分别测定了不同温度下,不同水解时间水解液中木糖质量浓度以及其降解产物糠醛的质量浓度。利用Saeman模型拟合木糖生成过程。实验表明,该模型能够较好地描述木糖生成过程以及其降解产物糠醛的产生过程。通过曲线拟和确定了不同水解温度下木糖的生成速率以及分解速率常数,同时利用Arrhenius方程确定木糖生成活化能Ea为116 kJ/mol。综合比较不同温度下水解液中的木糖以及糠醛质量浓度,确定使用质量分数为2%的稀盐酸于120℃下水解60 min为最佳水解条件。其水解液中木糖质量浓度可达20.99 g/L,糠醛质量浓度可维持在1.46 g/L以下。     

玉米秸秆半纤维素制备木糖醇的研究

首先采用无污染的碱性过氧化氢法研究了半纤维素的分离与提取,然后对提取的半纤维素分别进行化学水解和酶水解比较,最后研究了水解液发酵制备木糖醇。结果表明,半纤维素分离提取的优化参数为:2%过氧化氢,2%氢氧化钠,加热时间4 h,反应温度75℃。使用CF3COOH水解半纤维素所得木糖含量为67%~73%,水解率为76%~84%,稀盐酸预处理半纤维素再化学水解所得木糖含量高达88%,水解率上升至大约90%。半纤维素的酶水解实验表明,木聚糖酶的水解专一性高于半纤维素酶,木聚糖酶水解率为38%~60%。在水解液发酵实验中,酶水解液的木糖醇转化率高于化学水解液。另外,通过浓缩半纤维素水解液,提高发酵液的木糖初始浓度,有利于菌株生长,可以提高木糖醇转化率。研究对于玉米秸秆半纤维素制备化学品具有一定的指导意义。     

纤维素水解液中木糖发酵制丁醇

对实验室菌种进行筛选后,得到一株能利用纤维素水解液木糖发酵生产丁醇的菌株。研究发现,该菌株不仅能利用水解液中的葡萄糖,还可以利用水解液中的木糖。对菌种生长特性探索,批式发酵中碳源、氮源以及CaCO3等条件优化后,得到最佳种子培养时间为20～24 h,并确定了木糖浓度为20 g/L的纤维素水解液用于15 L发酵罐实验,在37 ℃静置培养84 h,丁醇产量10.95 g/L,总溶剂16.78 g/L（丙酮、乙醇、丁醇三者之和）,木糖利用率达到70%以上,总溶剂转化率为39.4%。解决了纤维素水解液中木糖不能被利用而造成的经济损失问题。     

固定化酵母细胞发酵玉米芯酶解液生产木糖醇

用木聚糖酶对玉米芯的自水解液进行酶解以获得可发酵的木糖溶液。该法与直接用酶对玉米芯水解相比,水解速度快,木糖得率较高。所得酶解液发酵木糖醇的性能虽不如纯木糖,但明显优于玉米芯酸水解液。海藻酸钙/壳聚糖(ACA)微胶囊的最佳成膜时间和液化时间分别是18 min和20 min,微胶囊使用的环境pH范围是3～6。用微胶囊固定化细胞发酵玉米芯酶解液,重复培养了8批,平均木糖醇得率为61.4%。     

四株酵母乙醇发酵的初步研究

比较了休哈塔假丝酵母NLP21、树干毕赤酵母NLP22、NLP23和NLP31,在30 g/L的木糖和混合糖(葡萄糖15 g/L+木糖15 g/L)发酵培养基上以及在培养基中氮源浓度降低到原来1/2和1/10时的发酵性能。结果表明,在30 g/L木糖发酵培养基上,NLP23和NLP31产乙醇质量浓度最高,分别为(11.14±0.13)和(11.15±0.08) g/L。在15 g/L葡萄糖+15 g/L木糖混合糖发酵培养基上,NLP31产乙醇质量浓度最高,为(10.91±0.12) g/L。当发酵培养基中氮源浓度降低到原来的1/2时,NLP23和NLP31产乙醇能力相当,但后者产木糖醇的量增大;当氮源质量浓度降低到原来的1/10时,NLP23和NLP31产乙醇能力随着发酵轮数的增加,逐渐下降,氮源浓度低,降低了乙醇的产量。     

ORP调控对马克斯克鲁维酵母发酵纤维素水解液的影响

采用通气的方式进行氧化还原电位（oxidation-reduction potential,ORP）调控,研究在添加抑制物条件下Kluyveromyces marxianus 1727-5利用葡萄糖、木糖以及两者混合体系的发酵性能,在此基础上考察了ORP调控策略对玉米秸秆水解液发酵的影响。研究结果表明：在调控ORP策略下,多种混合抑制物对酵母生长代谢造成的损害得以有效改善,细胞活性高,木糖、葡萄糖代谢速率加快。葡萄糖与木糖共发酵时,ORP调控至-150 mV时,葡萄糖发酵时间缩短近30%,木糖醇浓度由3 g·L^-1增加到10 g·L^-1。ORP调控策略也同样能有效缓解玉米秸秆水解液中较高浓度的多种抑制物对酵母细胞的胁迫,ORP为-100 mV时,相比于对照组,在保持终点乙醇不变的情况下,葡萄糖的发酵时间缩短了22%;木糖消耗由4.88 g·L^-1增至10.27 g·L^-1,木糖醇得率也由0.20 g·g^-1提高至0.48 g·g^-1。     

Clarification of a wheat straw‐derived medium with ion‐exchange resins for xylitol crystallization

BACKGROUND: Xylitol bioproduction from lignocellulosic residues comprises hydrolysis of the hemicellulose, detoxification of the hydrolysate, bioconversion of the xylose, and recovery of xylitol from the fermented hydrolysate. There are relatively few reports on xylitol recovery from fermented media. In the present study, ion‐exchange resins were used to clarify a fermented wheat straw hemicellulosic hydrolysate, which was then vacuum‐concentrated and submitted to cooling in the presence of ethanol for xylitol crystallization. RESULTS: Sequential adsorption into two anion‐exchange resins (A‐860S and A‐500PS) promoted considerable reductions in the content of soluble by‐products (up to 97.5%) and in medium coloration (99.5%). Vacuum concentration led to a dark‐colored viscous solution that inhibited xylitol crystallization. This inhibition could be overcome by mixing the concentrated medium with a commercial xylitol solution. Such a strategy led to xylitol crystals with up to 95.9% purity. The crystallization yield (43.5%) was close to that observed when using commercial xylitol solution (51.4%). CONCLUSION: The experimental data demonstrate the feasibility of using ion‐exchange resins followed by cooling in the presence of ethanol as a strategy to promote the fast recovery and purification of xylitol from hemicellulose‐derived fermentation media. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

驯化树干毕赤酵母发酵产乙醇的研究

以玉米秸秆蒸汽爆破液为底物培养基,通过逐步提浓的方式对树干毕赤酵母菌株（Pichiastipitis）NLP23进行耐抑制物驯化,驯化后的菌株对汽爆液中甲酸和乙酸等抑制物的耐受能力可分别达到2．70g／L和3．54g／L,较出发菌株分别提高253．40％和277．80％。在含有57．34g/L木糖和13．84g／L葡萄糖的汽爆液中发酵42h,糖利用率和乙醇得率可达到97．89％和65．83％,乙醇质量浓度为21．56g/L,同时生成4．16g/l木糖醇。玉米秸秆蒸汽爆破液中含有多种抑制酵母生长和发酵的有毒物质,主要是甲酸、乙酸、乙酰丙酸、糠醛和羟甲基糠醛,其中甲酸和乙酸含量较高,是影响树干毕赤酵母NLP23发酵汽爆液的主要抑制物。     

Xylitol production by Candida tropicalis from corn cob hemicellulose hydrolysate in a two‐stage fed‐batch fermentation process

BACKGROUND: Xylitol, a sugar alcohol widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries, can be produced through biological reduction of xylose present in hemicellulose hydrolysates by Candida tropicalis. However, the aeration rate and by‐products originating from hemicellulose hydrolysis strongly inhibit the production of xylitol in a fermentation process. A two‐stage fed‐batch fermentation system was developed to reduce these inhibitory effects and to improve xylitol production from corn cob hemicellulose hydrolysates by C. tropicalis. RESULTS: Results of batch fermentations indicated that high xylitol production could be obtained from C. tropicalis at an initial xylose concentration of 80 g L^?1 in corn cob hydrolysate medium at an aeration rate of 0.4 vvm at the micro‐aeration stage. In the two‐stage fed‐batch fermentation process, 96.5 g L^?1 xylitol was obtained after 120 h, giving a yield of 0.83 g g^?1 and a productivity of 1.01 g L^?1 h^?1, which were 12.16% and 65.57% higher than those in a batch fermentation. CONCLUSION: High xylitol production can be achieved in a two‐stage fed‐batch fermentation process, in which the negative effects of aeration rate and inhibitory compounds on xylitol formation can be considerably reduced. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Bioconversion of corn stover hydrolysate to ethanol by a recombinant yeast strain

Three corn stover hydrolysates, enzymatic hydrolysates prepared from acid and alkaline pretreatments separately and hemicellulosic hydrolysate prepared from acid pretreatment, were evaluated in composition and fermentability. For enzymatic hydrolysate from alkaline pretreatment, ethanol yield on fermentable sugars and fermentation efficiency reached highest among the three hydrolysates; meanwhile, ethanol yield on dry corn stover reached 0.175 g/g, higher than the sum of those of two hydrolysates from acid pretreatment. Fermentation process of the enzymatic hydrolysate from alkaline pretreatment was further investigated using free and immobilized cells of recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae ZU-10. Concentrated hydrolysate containing 66.9 g/L glucose and 32.1 g/L xylose was utilized. In the fermentation with free cells, 41.2 g/L ethanol was obtained within 72 h with an ethanol yield on fermentable sugars of 0.416 g/g. Immobilized cells greatly enhanced the ethanol productivity, while the ethanol yield on fermentable sugars of 0.411 g/g could still be reached. Repeated batch fermentation with immobilized cells was further attempted up to six batches. The ethanol yield on fermentable sugars maintained above 0.403 g/g with all glucose and more than 92.83% xylose utilized in each batch. These results demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of ethanol production from corn stover hydrolysates.     

基于遗传算法的木糖醇发酵培养基优化研究

运用遗传算法,对利用莫格假丝酵母由木糖生产木糖醇的发酵培养基优化进行研究,用４０个实验样本完成了６种培养基成份,５０个浓度水平的优化任务。实验结果表明：利用遗传算法可优化培养基成份富量,取得更好的发酵效果。按照优化后的培养基组成,由５０ｇ／Ｌ木糖获得了２９．７ｇ／Ｌ木糖醇,比优化前提高５．７％。