含氟电解液中钛基铱钽氧化物电极的稳定性

目的 分析钛基铱钽氧化物电极在含氟电解液中的应用前景。方法 采用热分解法制备出钛基铱钽氧化物电极,借助扫描电镜分析了氟元素对钛基铱钽氧化物电极表面形貌的影响。应用循环伏安、稳态极化和电化学阻抗等方法,研究了氟元素对铱钽氧化物电极在硫酸溶液中电催化性能的影响。结果 当溶液中的氟含量高于5 mg/L时,铱钽氧化物电极在2 A/cm2下强化电解72 h后,表面开始出现裂纹,且裂纹尺寸和数量随溶液中氟含量的增加而增加。强化电解72 h下,氟含量低于10 mg/L时,氟对钛基铱钽氧化物电极循环伏安特性的影响较小,但氟含量高于10 mg/L时,电极伏安面积可增大24%。强化电解过程中,氟元素可增加电极的电荷转移电阻,增大电极的析氧电位,降低电极的双电层电容。结论 电解液中的氟元素可加速钛基铱钽氧化物电极的失效。氟元素虽可提高电极表面的粗糙度,改善电催化性能,但活性成分氧化铱的溶解损失更大,导致电极的析氧电催化性能降低。钛基铱钽氧化物电极在氟含量低于5 mg/L的酸性电解液中具有应用前景。     

钛基RuOx-PdO电极电催化氧化降解活性艳红K-2BP研究

本文以自制钛基RuOx-PdO电极为阳极,钛片为阴极,NaCl为电解质,研究了活性艳红K-2BP的电催化氧化降解行为.实验结果表明,在pH值为2.0、NaCl浓度为0.02mol/L、电流密度为0.25mA/cm2和室温条件下,20mg/L活性艳红K-2BP经电催化氧化1h,脱色率可以达到99.6%.在本实验条件下,活性艳红K-2BP的脱色降解主要是电生活性氯的间接氧化和钛基RuOx-PdO 电极直接氧化协同作用的结果.作者用钛基RuOx-PdO 电极降解活性艳红K-2BP,其适用性较强,可在较大的温度范围、较宽的染料浓度时达到较好的脱色效果.表明作者自制钛基RuOx-PdO电极具有良好的电催化氧化性能,在降解活性染料方面,有一定的应用前景.     

电镀镍中间层对钛基二氧化铅阳极性能的影响

通过阴极电镀在钛基表面制备出镍中间层,随后在其上再进行阳极电沉积β-PbO_2涂层来制备Ti/Ni/PbO_2电极,并与无镍中间层的Ti/PbO_2电极进行对比。通过微结构分析、1 mol/LH_2SO_4溶液中的加速寿命试验、电化学性能测试和电氧化苯酚模拟废水行为研究,考察了电镀镍中间层对二氧化铅涂层电极的结构和性能的影响。结果表明,电镀镍中间层的引入不仅使活性β-PbO_2涂层的晶粒细化,增强了电极的催化活性,而且有效地改善了电极表面的导电性,降低了槽压,使得电极表面电势均匀分布,从而明显地延长了电极寿命,降低了电催化氧化降解苯酚模拟废水的能耗。     

Pt-ZrO2/Ti电极在酸性介质中的电催化析氢性能

在研究钛基复合镀Pt-ZrO2电极镀层性能、碱性介质中电催化性能的基础上, 为了试验电极在酸性介质中是否也有电催化作用及影响电催化作用的因素,再一次通过复合电沉积技术制备出Pt-ZrO2/Ti电极,用扫描电镜观察了电极表面形貌,进行了电极在0.5mol/L硫酸介质中的阴极极化曲线实验.结果表明,Pt-ZrO2/Ti电极在酸性介质中也有电催化作用且电催化析氢性能高于Pt/Ti电极,性能的提高除了较小的电阻外,较大的表面粗糙度是一个重要因素.用该复合电极代替铂电极使用,在性能和经济上来说具有一定的意义.     

TiO2薄膜电极的制备及光电催化性能

为了得到光电化学性能稳定、光催化活性好、制备方法简便的TiO2光电极,采用涂覆法制备了纳米TiO2薄膜光电极.XRD,SEM结果表明电极上涂覆的TiO2的晶型为锐钛型,纳米TiO2在电极表面分布均匀,薄膜厚度在10μm左右,且电极表面有一定的粗糙度.交流阻抗图谱分析显示TiO2电极在光照下能进行光电化学反应.应用于20mg/L苯酚溶液的降解中,结果表明,该电极光电催化降解性能优于光催化降解性能,电场在降解过程中发挥了作用;对照态光氧化过程基本无化学反应发生;暗态下电极上也无吸附现象;反应后电极无剥落损伤.     

稀土改性Ti/Sb-SnO2/β-PbO2电极的制备与性能

用电沉积法制备钛基二氧化铅电极,以Nd(NO3)3、Ce(NO3)3、Gd2O3和Sm2O3分别对电极进行改性研究。采用XRD、SEM、EDS等方法考察稀土改性对PbO2电极物相结构、表面形貌、元素组成的影响规律。XRD分析表明,改性电极的表面晶型没有改变,并且PbO2表层的结晶纯度提高;SEM结果显示,改性电极的表面形貌有不同程度的改变;EDS结果表明,添加的稀土可能进入了PbO2表层内部。苯酚降解试验和强化寿命测试说明改性PbO2电极具有更好的电催化活性和稳定性。     

电化学刻蚀对钛基IrO2-Ta2O5电极性能的影响

采用电化学刻蚀处理钛基材，再通过涂覆、烧结的方法制备出钛基IrO2-Ta2O5电极。与喷砂处理相比，经电化学刻蚀处理后，钛基材表面的凹坑分布更均匀，涂覆涂层后的钛基IrO2-Ta2O5电极的表面凹坑深浅均匀，呈规则分布。强化寿命测试结果表明，经电化学刻蚀处理后制备的钛电极强化寿命平均值达到20d，比喷砂处理后制备的电极寿命（16d）显著提高20％；电化学刻蚀处理后制成的钛电极析氧电位为1．62—1．73V，明显低于喷砂后制备的钛电极（1．92V），电解时可降低电耗。     

溶胶凝胶法制备Sb掺杂Ti/SnO2 电极及其电催化性能

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了Sb掺杂Ti/SnO2电极,通过XRD,SEM,EDS及电化学测试、氧化物总量测试、加速寿命测试等技术手段,研究了Sb的掺杂对电极结构、形貌、电催化性能、使用寿命的影响。结果表明:Sb的掺入能有效改善电极的表面晶体结构和形貌,降低电极的苯酚氧化电位和液界电阻,提高电极的电催化效率;当制备的溶胶中锡锑比为9∶1时,制得的电极表面形貌平整、致密,稳定性和电催化效果最好。     

添加纳米IrO_2的新型涂层IrO_2-Ta_2O_5钛阳极的制备及性能

以纳米IrO2晶粒部分取代H2IrCl6分散于前躯体溶液中,以此改进工艺制备一种Ir和Ta的摩尔比为7-3的IrO2-Ta2O5涂层钛阳极,通过XRD和SEM分析所制备钛阳极表面涂层的物相组成和形貌特征,采用析O2极化曲线、循环伏安和强化寿命测试方法分别研究电极的电催化性能与稳定性。结果表明:在纳米种子嵌入电极涂层中存在的物相分别为IrO2基固溶体(Ir,Ta)O2和IrO2;与采用传统方法制备的电极相比,含纳米种子嵌入结构涂层的钛阳极具有更优越的电催化活性和耐蚀性。     

花状形貌TiO2-NTs@Sb-SnO2电极的脉冲电沉积法制备及电催化性能研究

目的通过引入TiO_2纳米管中间层,增加表面活性层与基体的接触和活性物质的负载量,提高电极的稳定性。通过表观形貌构建,增加电极的活性比表面积,提高Sb-SnO_2电极的电催化性能。方法采用TiO_2纳米管阵列(TiO_2-NTs)作中间层,通过两阶段脉冲电沉积法,构建了新型多层次花状形貌的Sb-SnO_2电极。通过调整脉冲信号,实现对电极形貌的控制。结果通过阳极氧化法,在Ti基体表面得到了均一的TiO_2纳米管阵列结构。在电极制备过程中,采用反向脉冲电沉积(8 ms,833 m A/cm2;2 ms,-833 m A/cm2;0.99 s,0 A),得到了均匀的管套管结构,继而得到了TiO_2-NTs@Sb-SnO_2的致密层。通过施加脉冲信号(5 ms,200m A/cm2;195 ms,0 m A/cm2),获得了花状形貌。电化学测试显示,电极的析氧电位达到2 V(vs.SCE),苯酚氧化峰出现在1.7 V左右,电极的电荷传递阻抗为50.4?,加速寿命结果可达到39 h。电化学苯酚降解测试显示,4 h电化学降解后,TiO_2-NTs@Sb-SnO_2电极对苯酚的去除率达到97%,苯酚降解的一级动力学速率常数为14.9×10-3 min-1。结论脉冲电沉积制备的电极具有良好的稳定性和良好的苯酚电催化去除性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.