Surface plasmon resonance sensor based on a single-mode polarization-maintaining optical fiber

A novel wavelength modulation-based fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is reported which utilizes both polarization separation and broad band radiation depolarization in polarization-maintaining fibers to enhance sensor stability. Theoretical analysis of the sensing structure with ideally separated polarizations based on the mode of expansion and propagation method is presented. The effect of polarization cross-coupling was also analyzed in the approximation of an equivalent bulk optic structure. A laboratory prototype of the fiber-optic SPR sensor was characterized in terms of sensitivity and resolution. Experimental results indicate that this fiber-optic SPR sensor is able to resolve refractive index changes as low as 4×10⁻⁶ under moderate fiber deformations.     

Numerical investigation for SPR-based optical fiber sensor

In the present work, a theoretical analysis of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based optical fiber sensor is carried out. For the SPR-based optical fiber sensor with four-layer mode (fiber core/metal/sensing layer/sample), the effect of the thickness of metal layer and sensing layer on the spectrum of the transmitted power and wavelength has been studied. Based on the propagation wavevector till the first order expansion of the dispersion function, a detailed explanation for the relationships between the resonance wavelength with the thickness of the metal layer and sensing layer is presented.     

基于SPR的光纤传感器的研究与实验

基于表面等离子体共振（SPR）的光纤传感器不仅具有SPR高灵敏性的特点,还发挥了光纤本身的诸多优点,具有广泛地研究和应用价值。在分析了光纤SPR原理的基础上,设计并实现了光纤SPR传感器,给出了系统结构模型。通过对不同质量分数的甘油溶液进行测试,获得了SPR光谱共振波长等随待测环境介质折射率变化的有效信息,证实了使用这种传感器进行环境介质检测的可行性。     

Absorption-based fiber optic surface plasmon resonance sensor: a theoretical evaluation

In this paper, an optical absorption based fiber optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor has been studied theoretically. The theoretical treatment is based on Kretschmann’s SPR theory and the Lorentz model that expresses a damped harmonic oscillator is included in the treatment for optical absorption in the sensing layer. The optical source considered is an un-polarized collimated beam. The light is coupled to the fiber using a microscope objective that focuses the beam at the center of the input face of the fiber. The effects of the parameters related to the sensing region, the light source and the optical fiber on the sensitivity and the operating range of the SPR sensor have been studied with the help of numerical calculations and computer simulations. It has been found that the excitation frequency in absorption-based fiber optic SPR sensor is an important parameter. The sensitivity is better for the lower off-resonance excitation frequency. The sensitivity and the operating range of the sensor are better for large value of the core diameter. The optimization of numerical aperture of the fiber, film thickness and the length of the sensing region is required to achieve the maximum sensitivity. Further, the increase in the extinction coefficient of the sample increases the sensitivity of the sensor while the decrease in the width of its absorption spectrum increases the sensitivity. The sensitivity and the operating range of the sensor are better for small values of the refractive index of the absorbing sample.     

Effect of fiber core dopant concentration on the performance of surface plasmon resonance-based fiber optic sensor

In the present work we study the influence of varying concentrations of different fiber core dopants on the sensor performance in terms of sensitivity, signal to noise ratio (SNR) and operating range of surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based fiber optic sensors. We consider the use of different concentrations of GeO₂, B₂O₃ and mixture of both in the core of plastic cladded silica (PCS) optical fiber. The study is further extended to consider the performance of quenched fiber. We show how sensitivity and signal to noise ratio of surface-plasmon-based fiber optic sensors can be optimized by wisely choosing their fiber core doping.     

Surface plasmon resonance based fiber optic sensor for the detection of low water content in ethanol

A fiber optic sensor utilizing surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has been fabricated for the detection of low content of water in ethanol. The sensor utilizes spectral interrogation technique for operation. The resonance wavelength has been found to vary linearly with water content in the range 0-10% with sensitivity of 1.149 nm per percentage of water. The results are in agreement with the refractive index variation of ethanol-water mixture. The sensor has a water resolution of 0.145% which is better than the evanescent wave absorption sensor reported for the similar study. The sensor will find application in determining the low water content in ethanol which is used as a bio-fuel and in the field of medicine and organic chemistry.     

小型SPR生物传感器的研制

表面等离子体谐振(SPR)生化传感器相比传统的生化分析方法具有诸多优点,而小型化则是其发展趋势之一。研制了一款小型便携式M in iSPR-2005型SPR生物传感器,实验结果表明:仪器具有较好的性能,其检测灵敏度达5.4×10-5R IU(折射率单位)。最后,讨论了仪器存在的主要问题。     

测量叶尖间缝变化光纤传感器的研究

根据叶尖间隙测量的要求,设计了一种新型的光纤传感器。它采用了单光纤传光、多组光纤束接收散射光的结构。发射光纤位于中心,周围均布多组接收光纤,通过各组接收光纤光强的比值运算,消除了叶尖表面反射率变化对测量结果的影响,也可减小叶尖表面与传感器端面夹角给测量结果带来的影响。在转速同步传感器的配合下,该传感器可以实时测量所有叶片的叶尖间隙。当叶片转速在0~12000 r/min之间变化时,叶尖间隙的测量范围为0~3mm,测量精度为25μm。     

光纤表面等离体激元共振传感器中光传播特性的理论分析

光纤表面等离体激元共振传感器是一种易于小型化的SPR传感器,常用于开发便携式传感检测设备,也可用于远距离实时在线检测.在本研究中,采用特制光纤作为导光介质来制作一种新的光纤SPR传感器.由于光纤中光传播相当复杂.仅凭过往经验来设计传感器将不能保证其检测精度.因此,针对本研究中光纤的特点,建立了光纤中光传播模型,并结合菲涅耳公式推导出该类光纤SPR传感器中光总反射系数与光波长的关系,最终绘制出理论SPR曲线并计算出共振波长.研究结果为该类光纤SPR传感器的设计及光谱分析提供了重要理论依据.     

Surface functionalization for self-referencing surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors by multi-step self-assembly

Recently, a novel SPR sensor with on-chip referencing has been realized. In this sensor, one-half of the gold sensing surface is covered with a high refractive index overlayer of tantalum pentoxide (Ta₂O₅). When polychromatic beam illuminates the sensing surface, surface plasmon resonance in the areas with and without the overlayer occur at different wavelengths. Therefore, the reflected light exhibits two dips associated with SPRs in those two areas. When functionalized properly, one of the areas can be used as a specific sensing channel for detection of specific bio-interactions and the other can act as a reference channel for compensation for background refractive index fluctuations. In this paper we present a new functionalization approach for these mixed architecture chips. The gold side of the chip is functionalized with a mixed self-assembled monolayer of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and biotin terminated (BAT) thiols whereas the Ta₂O₅ side is coated with PEO terminated silanes. The PEO terminated thiols and silanes serve as a protein resistant background, while the biotin terminated thiols are used to bind streptavidin, which in turn immobilizes biotinylated antibodies. Hence, the gold side of the chip is used for the binding and detection of target analytes and the Ta₂O₅ side functions as a reference channel that monitors bulk refractive index changes and temperature drift. We have studied human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as a model system, currently detecting down to 5 ng/ml. In addition, we demonstrate the power of the on-chip reference channel for compensating for refractive index changes and eliminating false alarms.     

基于DSP的光纤电压传感器的设计

为了克服传统电压传感器的稳定性差和精度低的缺点,提出了一种新型基于DSP的光纤电压传感器设计方式,并对其工作原理及特性进行了分析和讨论。应用双光路补偿和软件补偿法相结合的方法来减小温度对系统的影响,实验结果表明:新型光纤电压传感器的精度已达到0.1%。     

Thermodynamic analysis of the interaction between 3-aminophenylboronic acid and monosaccharides for development of biosensor

The special interaction between 3-aminophenylboronic acid and monosaccharides, particularly glucose, fructose and galactose, has been investigated and used for the development of electrochemical and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based saccharide sensors. The binding constants and thermodynamic parameters of interaction such as free energy of binding (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) were determined for the first time using isothermal titration calorimetry revealed the enthalpic and entropic contributions to the free energies of binding. Effects of pH and buffer on the binding constants (k) between 3-aminophenylboronic acid and monosaccharides were also examined. The binding constant of fructose was found to be six times higher than glucose and four times higher than galactose at pH 11, leading the specific detection of fructose. SPR and potentiometric calibration for fructose were linear in the concentration range of 10–120 mM and 8–84 mM, respectively. Limit of detection of the SPR and potentiometric method were found to be as 8.9 mM and 1.4 mM, respectively.     

表面等离子共振Ag-SnO_2薄膜光化学气体传感器

提出一种新型的Ag-SnO2复合膜H2S光化学表面等离子共振(SPR)气体传感器结构。结构中使用一只金红石材料作成的棱镜作为耦合棱镜,在棱镜的底边采用射频溅射技术制作Ag-SnO2复合膜(CuO为掺杂质),Ag膜和SnO2膜的厚度分别为50 nm和100 nm,在复合膜上设置待测气体的样品池。在白光入射激励下,复合膜的分界面发生SPR现象。实验结果表明:SPR的波长与H2S气体的体积分数基本呈线性关系。     

基于DSP的光纤电流传感器设计与分析

在传统光纤电流传感基础上提出了一种新型基于DSP(digitalsignalprocessor)的光纤电流传感器设计方式 ,并对其工作原理及特性进行了详细的分析和讨论。这种基于DSP的光纤电流传感器为高强电流的测量提供一种新的途径     

相位调制型光纤压力传感器与智能检测系统

介绍了光纤传感器检测系统的特点和结构组成。重点分析了相位调制型光纤压力检测系统的原理及以单片机为核心的信号处理方法 ,最后给出实验结果     

Influence of ions on the surface plasmon resonance spectrum of a fiber optic refractive index sensor

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectra of a fiber optic SPR probe coated with thin gold layer have been studied experimentally for four ionic (NaCl, KCl, Na₂SO₄ and MgCl₂) and two non-ionic (sucrose and urea) liquid samples of different refractive indices. For the same value of refractive index, the response curves for ionic and non-ionic liquid samples have been found to differ, implying the influence of ions on the resonance wavelength of the SPR spectrum. It is observed that the resonance wavelength, for a given refractive index of the liquid, is higher for ionic sample than that in the case of non-ionic one. This extra increase in resonance wavelength is attributed to the interaction of ions with the free electrons of the metal film. The study finds importance in situations where ions get generated during the processes. In such studies, the effect of ions on SPR spectrum must be incorporated otherwise the SPR spectrum may get wrongly interpreted.     

测量甲烷体积分数的高灵敏度光纤传感器研究

基于气体的红外吸收原理,研究了一种能在复杂环境下测量甲烷气体体积分数的新方法.这种方法可以有效地减小由于光源的不稳定、环境的变化而引起的测量误差.在这种测量方法中设计了一条参考测量光路,此参考测量光路和测量光路同时随环境的变化而变化,通过对待测量气体光路与参考气体测量光路作对比而得出较为准确的待测甲烷气体体积分数.     

SPR传感器阵列中微流通池的流场仿真

在自制表面等离子体激元共振(SPR)传感器阵列检测装置的微流通池的研制中,为了获得更好的检测精度和重复性,需要流经各检测点的流量尽可能一致。设计了几种不同的微流通池结构,并利用Comsol Multiphysics软件对其内部的流场进行仿真分析。首先,分析了常用梭状流通池的内部流场分布,并研究了不同长度过渡段对流场分布的影响。在此基础上,讨论了不同流通池形状,特别是流通池外形轮廓,如椭圆状流通池和边界流线型更好的流通池对流场分布的影响。此后,还研究了过渡区中微结构阵列设计对检测区流场分布的影响。仿真研究结果表明:适当延长过渡段长度,有利于改善流体流动的稳定性和均匀性,但这种改善将随长度的进一步增加逐渐减弱。而不同的边界外形轮廓对检测区域流场的影响不大;当采用一定的微结构阵列扰流设计后,流场均匀性一定程度上得到改善。     

Ultrasensitive immunosensing of tuberculosis CFP-10 based on SPR spectroscopy

An antigen (Ag), CFP-10, found in tissue fluids of tuberculosis (TB) patients may be an ultimate candidate for use as a sensitive TB marker with a sensing method for early simplified diagnosis of TB. In this study, chemical and optical optimizations were carried out using novel immuno-materials for establishment of a self-assembled surface plasmon resonance (SPR) optical immunosensor system for detection of CFP-10, which is valuable for pre-clinical work, prior to conduct of massive clinical observations. For creation of a simple sensing interface, a monoclonal antibody (anti-CFP-10) was immobilized directly on a gold surface, followed by blocking with cystamine. Orientation and accessibility of anti-CFP-10 were assessed by the selective binding of CFP-10. Recent results indicate that the reusability of the sensor chip adopting the cystamine method was found to be preferable to other immobilization methods. A linear relationship was well correlated between SPR angle shift and CFP concentrations in the range from 100 ng mL⁻¹ to 1 μg mL⁻¹. Modification of the SPR chip with antibody provides a simple experimental platform for investigation of isolated proteins under experimental conditions resembling those of their native environment.     

Detection of EGFR on living human gastric cancer BGC823 cells using surface plasmon resonance phase sensing

Label-free and real-time information acquisition of molecular phenotype and its function on living cells plays a significant role in disease diagnosis and drug development. In this paper, SPR phase sensing was applied to monitor the interactions between EGFR antibody, EGFR1, and membrane proteins EGFR on living human gastric cancer BGC823 cells. When 50 μg/mL EGFR1 was added onto the fixed cells chip and the living cells chip, a significant difference in the binding amount could be observed from the immunofluorescence images. Quantitative results were obtained by following SPR detection, which were 722 RU and 438 RU, respectively. On the same living cells chip, SPR detection also showed markedly different results of cellular responses when it was stimulated by EGFR1 at different concentrations, such as adhesion and/or morphology variation, revealing the EGFR1's cytotoxic effect on the BGC823 cells. The results demonstrate SPR phase sensing is capable of real-time detection of molecular interactions and cellular responses on living cells, and suggest that further studies on the mechanism and the technique may allow SPR sensing become a powerful tool not only for the basic research of cell biology, but also for medical diagnosis and drug development.