浓香芝麻油与芝麻香油中挥发性风味成分的研究

根据气质联用技术,并采用项空固相微萃取方法分别对浓香芝麻油和芝麻香油的挥发性风味成分进行检测,并比较了两种芝麻油中挥发性风味成分的含量差异.本实验采用高效固相萃取头,在浓香芝麻油中鉴定出16种挥发性风味组分,芝麻香油中共鉴定出30种挥发性风味组分.结果显示:两者的挥发性风味成分主要是吡嗪类、呋喃类、酚类、酯类、酮类、烷烃类等物质,但是体现的香油风味有所不同,芝麻油呈现的香味是多种物质的综合结果,而不是某物质的单一作用.     

顶空固相微萃取结合气质联用分析芝麻油和芝麻香精的挥发性成分

研究芝麻油的挥发性风味成分。采用顶空固相微萃取和气质联用技术,对自制芝麻油、商品芝麻油和两种芝麻香精中的挥发性成分进行检测,比较不同样品中挥发性物质及其相对含量的差异。结果表明：芝麻香精中含量较高的物质：吡嗪类、呋喃类、吡啶类、酮类和酚类物质,正是芝麻油中对香气贡献较大的物质。3,5-二甲基苯酚、3-甲基-1,2-环戊二酮、2-羟基-3-甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮、环辛烷和2-硫代糠酯存在于2种芝麻香精中,在芝麻油中未检测到。而芝麻油中所含的噻唑类和吡咯类物质,在芝麻香精中未检测到。     

两种工艺芝麻油中挥发性风味物质的鉴别分析

旨在从不同芝麻油成品中找出共有的挥发性成分,为芝麻油掺伪鉴别提供数据支持。采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法检测市售的压榨与水代法两种加工工艺生产的共10个品牌一级芝麻油中的挥发性风味物质,分析鉴别两种工艺芝麻油中共有的挥发性成分。结果表明：7个品牌压榨芝麻油中共检出49种风味物质,其中16种为共有成分,主要为酚类、吡嗪类、醇类、酮类、吡咯类、吡啶类等化合物;3个品牌水代法芝麻油中共检出61种风味物质,其中30种为共有成分,主要为酚类、吡嗪类、酮类、吡啶类、吡咯类、醇类、醛类等化合物;两种工艺生产的芝麻油中存在13种共有挥发性成分,分别为愈创木酚、芝麻酚、2-甲基吡嗪、3-乙基-2,5-二甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪、2-羟基-5-甲基苯乙酮、1-(5-甲基吡嗪-2-基)-乙酮、5-甲基呋喃醛、2-吡咯甲醛、3-糠醛、(1S,2S)-1,2-二(吡啶-4-基)乙烷-1,2-二醇、2-乙酰基吡咯、3-呋喃甲醇。综上,不同工艺、品牌芝麻油中存在共有挥发性成分,可作为芝麻油的特征标志物,用于芝麻油掺伪鉴别分析。     

焙炒时间对芝麻油风味及芝麻氨基酸含量的影响

本文主要研究焙炒时间对芝麻油挥发性风味成分及芝麻中氨基酸含量(以芝麻脱脂粕中氨基酸含量为依据)的影响。经过不同时间焙炒的芝麻,用水代法提油,然后采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)结合GC/MS技术,检测芝麻油中的挥发性风味成分。随着焙炒时间的延长,吡嗪类、吡咯类、吡啶和嘧啶类、含硫类、呋喃类、酚类物质的相对含量逐渐增多,醛类、醇类、烃类和环氧烃类等物质的含量逐渐减少。对芝麻脱脂粕中18种氨基酸含量的检测数据显示,随着焙炒程度加深,氨基酸含量呈总体下降趋势,其中精氨酸、丝氨酸、赖氨酸和胱氨酸的含量减少明显,这4种氨基酸对芝麻油香味的形成可能起到了重要的作用。     

4种市售不同香型肉味香精挥发性风味成分的比较

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法对市售的鸡肉、牛肉、猪肉和羊肉香精的挥发性风味成分进行了分析,并对其中的主要成分及含量进行了比较,探讨了4种不同香型的肉味香精挥发性风味的差异.研究结果表明,在4种肉味香精中共鉴定出80种挥发性成分,主要为醇、醛、酮、酯、酸、吡嗪类化合物,并且不同香型的肉味香精中所含风味成分的种类和含量有较大的差异.研究结果对了解不同香型肉味香精的香气成分,合成不同的肉味风味料提供了参考.     

基于气相色谱-离子迁移谱分析石花白酒风味特征

为研究石花典型白酒在挥发性风味成分种类及相对含量之间的特征差异,采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱（GC-IMS）技术对白酒中的挥发性风味成分进行分析,并绘制风味指纹图谱对白酒的香型和品种进行分析对比,通过主成分分析（PCA）对白酒进行分类鉴别。结果表明,石花白酒中共检出18种挥发性风味物质,其中酯类5种、醛类6种、酮类3种、醇类2种、酸类1种和呋喃类1种。通过指纹图谱对比特征风味成分,可以清楚区分不同香型、不同品种的白酒;通过主成分分析（PCA）,能够基于挥发性风味物质对石花白酒样品进行分类鉴别。     

不同产地花生酱的挥发性风味成分比较分析

为研究不同提取方法比较不同产地花生酱中挥发性风味物质的差异。采用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）和同时蒸馏萃取（SDE）两种方法提取4种不同国家花生酱,中国莺歌花生酱（Z）、美国四季宝花生酱（M）、澳大利亚贝科姆花生酱（A）、新西兰皮卡思花生酱（X）的挥发性风味物质,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）对挥发性物质进行鉴定以内标法计算各类物质的含量,并结合气味活度值（OAV）方法分析不同风味物质对整体风味的贡献程度。结果表明：4种花生酱共鉴定出挥发性物质202种,其中SDE鉴定出70种,HS-SPME鉴定出142种。A、M、X、Z样品分别鉴定出71种、93种、58种和141种挥发性物质。HS-SPME鉴定挥发性成分更全面,而SDE法可较灵敏的检测吡嗪类和醛类成分。Z样品中含有最丰富的风味物质其中醛类风味物质含量最高为14 901.17μg/kg。结合OAV分析得到：对四种花生酱的整体风味贡献程度较大的风味物质均为己醛、苯乙醛、苯乙醇、2,5-二甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-3,6-二甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪。Z样品的风味成分最丰富,风味品质要好于其他三种花生酱,其烤花生香味、杏味较突出...     

浓香花生油和精炼花生油挥发性成分及感官风味差异的研究

利用溶剂辅助蒸发和气相色谱-质谱联用(SAFE-GC-MS)方法对浓香花生油和精炼花生油中挥发性成分进行检测和对比分析,并结合感官评价明确两种花生油中挥发性成分及感官风味的差异。结果显示,浓香花生油和精炼花生油中分别检出11类129种和7类51种挥发性成分,浓香花生油中挥发性成分含量(23977.43μg/kg)是精炼花生油中含量(1637.04μg/kg)的14.6倍。浓香花生油中杂环类物质含量占挥发性成分总量的49.45%,其中呋喃类、吡嗪类、吡咯类化合物含量分别占挥发性成分总量的28.00%、17.62%、2.06%,但在精炼花生油中杂环类物质未检出,然而这些物质中的7种吡嗪类、1种呋喃类、1种吡咯类成分均为浓香花生油的关键特征挥发性风味成分,为浓香花生油提供坚果味、烤香味、焦糖味、甜香味。除此之外,浓香花生油中醛类物质含量是精炼花生油中含量41.6倍,酚类物质含量是精炼花生油中含量的8.36倍,醛类中有4种成分是花生油的特征挥发性风味成分,为花生油贡献脂香味,但这4种成分在精炼花生油的含量不足浓香花生油的10%,而精炼花生油中酚类含量低不仅影响其风味,还会对其氧化稳定性产生影响。此外,醇类、酸类在精炼花生油中均未检出。对两种花生油的感官风味评价显示,浓香花生油在炒籽味、坚果味、油脂味及总体风味方面的得分均明显高于精炼花生油,精炼花生油依其风味可归属为清淡香型花生油。两种花生油中挥发性成分的明显差异可为浓香花生油和精炼花生油的鉴别提供支持。     

仰韶陶香型高温大曲中挥发性香味物质分析

以仰韶陶香型高温大曲为研究对象,采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术对大曲中挥发性香味物质进行定性分析,并结合半定量和主成分分析法对检测信息进行处理和分析。结果表明,在7块曲样中共鉴定出香味物质50种,主要分为6大类化合物,其中包括醛类8种,醇类5种,酯类7种,吡嗪类4种,酮类6种,酸类10种,芳香族类5种,烷烃类4种,杂环类1种。相对含量分别为15.91%、33.19%、7.5%、6.35%、2.2%、26.52%、6.23%、2.08%、4.18%。其中,乙酸、(2S,3S)-(+)-2,3-丁二醇、3-甲基丁酸、己酸、苯乙醇、十六酸乙酯、四甲基吡嗪、2-甲基丙酸含量相对较高,这些微量成分可能对后期白酒香味形成起着重大作用。     

不同原料芝麻油挥发性风味成分的研究

采用固相微萃取-气质联用技术,对6种不同原料的芝麻油挥发性物质进行检测,并以此进行原料的分类。结果表明:芝麻油的风味物质中检测到63种挥发性物质,共分为7类,总量在60~80 mg/kg之间,其中吡嗪类含量最高,占总量的50%以上;6种原料根据风味物质可以分为4类,埃塞黄白芝麻和埃塞白芝麻为一类、多哥芝麻和马里芝麻一类、尼日尔芝麻、中国芝麻各成一类。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the