炼制中东高硫原油的设备用钛市场浅析

1 原油形势分析我国原油绝大多数为低硫原油,国内现有的炼油装置基本上以国内低硫原油为设计基准。当前经济飞速发展,石油产品需求迅猛上升,而国内原油增速跟不上需求。据预测,为满足全国石油与石化市场需求,至2000年我国原油需求量达195Mt/a,但国内可供加工的原油仅为135Mt/a~145Mt/a,尚缺50Mt/a,到2010年我国原油需求量可能达到265Mt/a,但国内可供加工的原油仅为160Mt/a,尚有105Mt/a缺口。为此国家提出了利用国内及国外原油两个资源,开拓国内与国际两个市场的战略方针,选择部分沿海沿江的企业,通过技术改造以适应炼制进口…     

焦化硫铵对建筑物的腐蚀及防腐措施

在冶金企业中，焦化的厂房及库房受硫铵的腐蚀较为严重，根据焦化的实际情况,对厂房及库房腐蚀的原理和现状进行分析，并根据多年的工作经验，对该厂新建的硫铵工段提出了防腐的方法和施工措施，应用到适合我厂的实际防腐工作中。     

安钢焦化硫铵对建筑物的腐蚀及防腐措施

在冶金企业中，焦化的厂房及库房受硫铵的腐蚀较为严重。根据焦化的实际情况，对厂房及库房腐蚀的原理现状进行分析，并根据多年的工作经验，对新建的硫铵工段提出了防腐的方法和施工措施。     

粒度对高硫铝土矿焙烧脱硫的影响

在不同矿石粒度下,探究焙烧预处理对矿石宏观形貌、粒度分布、硫含量、物相结构及矿物微观形貌的影响。结果表明,较粗粒径的盘磨矿的焙烧效果优于较细粒径的球磨矿;焙烧后矿石粒度有细化的趋势,其中盘磨矿中的黄铁矿被氧化成赤铁矿,颗粒变得较为疏松,球磨矿中含有微量的磁铁矿;在700℃、30min的焙烧条件下,矿石的硫含量从2.3%降低至0.48%,满足工业生产要求。     

高硫高碳铝土矿拜耳法生产中石灰对碳硫平衡的影响

高硫高碳铝土矿在高温拜耳法溶出生产中碳、硫的进出平衡控制至关重要,关系到溶液体系中碳碱和硫含量对生产的影响是否可控。在配料中石灰是最重要及使用量最大的添加剂,在常规配灰范围内,石灰中含碳量占进入流程总无机碳的30%~40%,经研究石灰配入量和自身含碳量对系统碳、硫进出平衡有明显的影响。生产中,在赤泥C/S比为0.45~1.0时,总体上碳、硫进入赤泥的排出量随配灰的降低而增加,其中C/S容易实现进出平衡,有机碳又比无机碳容易实现进出平衡。在使用高硫高碳铝土矿拜耳法生产中要加大碳的排除,建议根据溶出指标情况尽量降低配灰,通过提高石灰质量或分解母液化灰提前排除石灰中的碳,同时控制矿石硫的含量。     

镍闪速熔炼系统制酸烟气单质硫析出原因及对策

详细分析镍闪速熔炼系统制酸烟气中单质硫的析出,探索出了闪速炉在正常生产条件下较佳的控制参数,并通过合理的补氧改造措施,杜绝了因化工制酸系统析出单质硫带来的生产中断,使闪速炉在高负荷生产时保持稳定运行。     

铜冶炼烟气中单质硫对制酸系统的危害及应对措施

谦比希铜冶炼厂采用“ISA富氧顶吹熔池熔炼-电炉澄清分离-PS转炉吹炼”工艺生产粗铜,随着公司扩能改造项目的逐步投产,ISA炉处理能力逐步提升。然而在艾萨炉处理能力提升的过程中,艾萨炉烟气单质硫超标,导致硫酸系统生产困难,成为制约效能提升的瓶颈。本文详细介绍了艾萨炉炼铜烟气中单质硫超标对后续制酸厂的危害,并介绍了单质硫产生的机理,实际生产中产生单质硫超标的原因及对应的防治措施。     

酸温对设备、管板材料腐蚀的影响及对策

叙述硫酸生产中酸温变化对设备、管板材料腐蚀的影响 ,分析了酸温偏高及循环水冷却系统低效的原因 ,提出改造对策 ,并取得实效     

高硫精矿配比对烧结矿性能的影响

 相比进口富矿粉,精矿品位较高,可广泛应用于铁矿石烧结工序。为了探究高硫精矿对烧结矿产质量的影响以及精矿中硫元素对烧结过程的影响,利用烧结杯试验装置进行了高硫精矿配比在25%~45%范围内的烧结杯试验。并通过微观结构、技术指标及冶金性能等方面表征了高硫精矿配比对烧结矿性能的影响。试验结果表明,精矿配比为25%时,烧结矿还原的界面反应条件较差,硅酸盐相阻碍了还原气体的扩散,致使烧结矿还原度为77.80%,软化开始温度为1 200 ℃,软熔带透气性能恶化。精矿配比为30%时,烧结利用系数提升至1.19 t/(m2·h)、垂直烧结速度达到22.22 mm/min。精矿配比为40%时,有效改善了烧结矿还原性能,恶化了低温还原粉化性能。精矿配比为45%时,烧结利用系数最高,为1.20 t/(m2·h),还原性能和低温还原粉化性能适宜。整体而言,在试验范围内,适当增加高硫精矿配比有利于提升烧结矿的还原性能和荷重软化熔滴性能,但精矿配比为45%时烧结矿的熔滴S特性值为281.02 kPa·℃,透气性能恶化。烧结烟气方面,精矿配比为40%时,烧结烟气的CO₂和NO_x含量较高,烧结过程氧化性气氛较强,降低了烧结矿中铁橄榄石等低还原性矿物含量,恶化了低温还原性能。烟气分析结果表明,高硫精矿烧结时硫元素基本都进入烧结烟气中,并未恶化烧结矿性能。     

高氟洗涤酸对硫酸净化系统的危害及处理

针对韶关冶炼厂硫酸系统循环洗涤液中含氟高对塔体及设备造成严重腐蚀的问题，采用石灰乳中和混凝法在低pH值下进行处理，达到了开路除氟的目的。     

瑞达焦业有限公司1700t/d焦化废水处理项目设计

详细介绍瑞达焦业1 700 t/d焦化废水处理项目设计的工艺流程、工艺设计、设备选择、设计中用到的药剂及配套的计量箱和计量泵。此设计达到工业用水循环利用或达标排放的目标。     

Effects of Additives on Sulfur Transformation,Crystallite Structure and Properties of Coke during Coking of High-sulfur Coal

High-sulfur coal,as an alternative coal source,has a relatively high proportion in coal reserves.However,the feature of high sulfur content,which can cause environmental pollution and poor quality of molten iron,restrains its utilization in coking industry.Coking experiments of high-sulfur coal with Fe2O3,La2O3 and Ca O as additives were carried out in order to fix the sulfur in coke.The effects of additives on sulfur distribution,crystallite structure,surface morphology and properties of coke were investigated.The results indicate that Ca O can be used as sulfur-fixing agent in coking process,and Ca S is the main mineralogical phase of the sulfur-contained mineral constituents in coke.Fe2O3 and La2O3 facilitate the conversion of Ca O to Ca S.The additives mainly influence the crystallite height and the average interlayer spacing d002 of coke.The addition of La2O3 increases the value of the crystallite height while the addition of Ca O and Fe2O3 decreases it.Ca O leads the pores of coke to increase with its physical action and agglomerating characteristic.Fe2O3 and C can form(Fe,C),resulting in the pulverization and erosion of the pore wall.La2O3 makes the coke surface become more compact and thinner.The reactivity of coke increases with the decrease of crystallite height and crystallite layer number.     

焦化厂导热油过速变质原因分析与整改

分析了焦化厂导热油变质原因，介绍整改措施与效果。     

南钢220 t/h锅炉全燃高炉煤气改造

原来以焦炉煤气为主要燃料的220 t/h锅炉将改为全烧高炉煤气,为了保证锅炉的安全可靠运行,必须对锅炉的煤气系统进行合理的改造。通过对220 t/h燃气锅炉煤气系统的分析,设计了一套合理而可靠的改造方案,以保证锅炉的正常运行。     

优化升级80／20t桥式起重机电气控制系统

针对桥式起重机电气控制中普遍存在的调速效果不理想和检修麻烦等问题,提出了优化升级的方案。介绍了变频器和PLC的选用原则,在桥式起重机上的应用情况。通过优化升级改造,起重机运行平稳,调速范围宽、性能好,节电率可达20％,节能效果好。     

Effects of Nutrient Source and Supply on Crude Oil Biodegradation in Continuous-Flow Beach Microcosms

Ammonium and nitrate were used as nitrogen sources to support microbial biodegradation of crude oil in continuous-flow beach microcosms to determine whether either nutrient was more effective in open systems, such as intertidal shorelines. No differences in the rate or extent of oil biodegradation were observed, regardless of whether these nutrients were provided continuously or intermittently. Nutrients were provided once every two weeks to intermittent-input microcosms and washed out within four to five days. In continuous-input microcosms, ammonium and nitrate were assimilated as quickly as they were provided during the first week, but both accumulated to greater than 10?mg?N/L thereafter. The sensitivity of the oil mineralization rate to nutrient input decreased rapidly as the extent of oil degradation increased, and after about two weeks the rate of oil-mineralization appeared to be independent of nutrient input. Therefore, there may be little value in maintaining a long-term supply of nutrients in contact with oil-contaminated sediments. The rates of microbial assimilation of ammonium and nitrate followed similar trends. Both compounds were assimilated more slowly as the extent of oil biodegradation increased, and the nitrate uptake rates approached zero after about two weeks. Ammonium assimilation continued at a low rate throughout the six-week experiment, but this did not appear to affect the rate of oil mineralization. Assimilation of ammonium resulted in a sharp decrease in the pH of the synthetic seawater that was pumped continuously through the microcosms, but nitrate had a much smaller effect on pH. The magnitude of the ammonium-associated pH change was never as large as was observed in previous studies involving oil biodegradation in batch reactors, however, and did not affect the oil-biodegradation rate.     

EVA考核对湖南成品油经营工作的影响及应对措施

中国石化集团总部实施EVA考核后,成品油经营工作面临新的课题。湖南石油分公司充分考虑EVA考核带来的影响,通过做好四个＂并重＂积极应对,全方位提高EVA值。     

年产100万吨棒材生产线优化设计

介绍了莱钢永锋厂年产100万吨棒材生产线工程,重点介绍了该生产线采用新的工艺技术,用较少的投入,较短的时间,完成工艺设计、设备选型、设备安装、试生产直至达产,有较好的借鉴、推广应用价值.     

130t/h燃气锅炉水冷壁泄漏的原因分析及对策

水冷壁泄漏造成锅炉非计划停炉。莱钢能源动力厂型钢锅炉水冷壁泄漏原因有焊接质量、自由膨胀受阻及燃烧器附近热强度偏高。提出了相应的解决措施,并对水冷壁的防泄漏发展趋势进行了展望。     

220 t/h锅炉过热器爆管原因分析与对策

包钢热电厂两台220t／h、550℃、9．8MPa锅炉，系哈尔滨锅炉厂1992年制造，型号为HG-220／9．8MQ10，由于种种原因，直到2001年6月份才陆续投产。考虑尽可能利用高炉煤气，设计时掺烧高炉煤气量可以达到总热量的10％。投产前，经锅炉厂核算，在炉膛侧两边增加了Ф600mn，高