离子液体（C14mimBr）在混合溶剂中胶束行为的研究

利用电导法研究了离子液体表面活性剂溴代-1-十四烷基-3-甲基咪唑在混合溶剂以及不同温度下的胶团化行为。通过电导率数据计算了临界胶束浓度（CMC）和反离子缔合度（g）。应用相平衡模型估算了表面活性剂胶团形成的热力学参数。标准摩尔吉布斯自由能（△Gm）总是负值,表明了胶团化行为的自发性,而且与温度无关。当乙二醇（EG）体积分数在10％、15％的时候,胶团形成是焓一熵补偿效应,相反在乙二醇体积分数20％的时候胶团化行为是焓驱动的。     

表面活性剂对液体吸收法净化氯苯废气的增效作用

以Tween80(土温80)、SDS(十二烷基磺酸钠)、CTMAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)为增溶剂,探讨了采用填料塔为介质,以添加表面活性剂的溶液为喷淋液对氯苯的净化效果.考察了增溶剂浓度、氯苯入口浓度等因素对氯苯增溶效果的影响.研究结果表明,表面活性剂胶团对氯苯在溶液中的增溶能力有很大影响,当Tween80的浓度为8...     

萃取剂钠盐NaDTMPP与AEO_9混合胶团的增溶性

测定并计算了ＮａＤＴＭＰＰ（二（２,４,４－三甲基戊基）膦酸钠）、ＡＥＯ９（Ｃ１４Ｈ２９－ Ｏ－ （ＣＨ２ＣＨ２Ｏ）９Ｈ）单一体系和混合体系对正己烷的增溶及在胶团和水相的分配系数。结果表明单一体系在其它条件相同情况下,正己烷的增容量ＡＥＯ９ 体系＞ ＮａＤＴＭＰＰ体系;混合体系中,随ＮａＤＴＭＰＰ所占摩尔分数α的增大,分子间作用增强,分配系数Ｋ 减小,饱和时增溶物与表面活性剂的摩尔比ｎ１／ｎｓ 也减少     

邻苯二甲酸氢钾与十六烷基三甲基溴化胺胶团相互作用

用紫外吸收光谱的方法研究了邻苯二甲酸氢钾芳香反离子与十六烷基三甲基溴化胺阳离子表面活性剂胶团之间的相互作用．发现了阳离子表面活性剂胶团的加入能使芳香反离子的吸收光谱特征峰发生红移．邻苯二甲酸氢钾芳香反离子与十六烷基三甲基溴化胺阳离子表面活性剂胶团混合液的紫外吸收光谱峰值λmax随pH的增大而减小．这被解释为在pH=1的酸性奈件下,邻苯二甲酸氢钾会以邻苯二甲酸形式存在,阳离子表面活性剂胶团与芳香环之间的相互作用主要是阳离子-П相互作用．在pH=13的碱性条件下,邻苯二甲酸氢钾会以邻苯二甲酸根的形式存在,邻苯二甲酸根与十六烷基三甲基溴化胺阳离子表面活性剂胶团之间的相互作用主要是静电引力作用．通过测定混合体系的表面张力发现芳香反离子与胶团混合体系的表面张力比各组分的表面张力低,其原因归结于邻苯二甲酸氢根与十六烷基三甲基溴化胺阳离子表面活性剂胶团之间存在静电引力和阳离子-П相互作用的综合结果．     

汞（Ⅱ）—硫氰酸盐—罗丹明B—聚乙烯醇显色体系的研究和应用

在非离子表面活性剂聚乙烯醇存在下,汞与硫氰酸盐和罗丹明Ｂ在水相中形成紫红色的离子缔合物,其最大吸收波长为６２０ｎｍ在０～６μｇ／２５ｍＬ范围内服从Ｂｅｅｒ定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为２．１６×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１该法灵敏度高,选择性好,操作简便,可直接在水相中测定微量汞     

系列长链烷基芳基磺酸盐的合成及性能研究

以苯、甲苯、乙苯、异丙苯和α-烯烃(C_(20)~C_(24))为原料,经Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应、磺化反应及中和反应等反应步骤,用有较强活性的离子液体作催化剂,最终合成了长链烷基苯、长链烷基甲苯、长链烷基乙苯和长链烷基异丙苯磺酸盐4种化合物。利用红外光谱对中间体及磺酸盐进行表征,并对磺酸盐进行界面性能与乳化性能测定。结果发现:4种磺酸盐表面活性剂的界面张力随表面活性剂浓度的增大先减小后增大,界面张力值均能达到10~(-2)~10~(-3)mN·m~(-1)数量级;对于液体石蜡乳化能力,烷基异丙苯磺酸盐的乳化能力最强;在活性剂质量分数为0.3%时,4种磺酸盐的乳化能力均达到最大值。     

SDS对香豆素在SB-16胶束增溶行为影响

为了模拟药物香豆素在十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十六烷基磺基甜菜碱(SB-16)复配体系中的分配规律,采用分子动力学的方法模拟了香豆素分子(C-343)在SB-16水溶液中的增溶行为,在上述溶液的基础上又继续添加了表面活性剂SDS,并研究了SDS对香豆素在SB-16胶束增溶行为影响。研究结果表明,在298 K,101.3 kPa下的平衡条件下,C-343可以自发地增溶到SB-16球形胶束中。SDS分子的烷基尾链部分插入到SB-16球形胶束内部,并在SB-16表面形成一层疏水基团在内,亲水基团在外的SDS分子薄层。C-343分子在SDS分子的疏水作用和静电作用下,从SB-16胶束内部逐步迁移至SDS胶束的外层表面上。从理论证实了添加表面活性剂可以对药物分子在胶束溶液中的增溶与释放过程进行有效控制,以期为该类体系的试验研究提供理论依据。     

超增溶自组装法纳米Ni-Al_2O_3体相催化剂的合成及表征

采用超增溶自组装法进行纳米Ni-Al2O3体相催化剂的制备。对所制备的Ni-Al2O3体相催化剂进行了XRD和压汞法表征。通过实验考察了尿素质量分数、表面活性剂质量分数、NiO质量分数等因素与Ni-Al2O3体相催化剂物化特性之间的关系。结果表明,尿素质量分数为(基准+5)%,表面活性剂质量分数为(基准+2)%,NiO质量分数为(基准+3)%时,Ni-Al2O3催化剂具有较好的孔结构。制备的体相催化剂的比表面积主要集中在186～324m2/g;孔径在3～12nm,属于中、大孔范围,孔径大小均匀、分布集中;孔容较大,在0.45～0.89mL/g,能够满足加氢催化剂的要求,是比较理想的纳米体相催化剂。该合成方法降低了表面活性剂和水的质量分数,操作工艺简单,反应易于控制,制得的纳米粒子比现有的渣油加氢催化剂性能优良,具有工业化生产应用价值。     

用邻氯苯基萤光酮和溴化十六烷基三甲基铵分光光度法测定铝

用苯基萤光酮衍生物测定铝的报道,已有水杨基萤光酮、4,5-二溴苯基萤光酮及硝基苯基萤光酮等。本文研究的在溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTMAB)存在下,邻氯苯基萤光酮(O-CIPF)与铝的显色反应,尚未见报道。经研究确定,在PH6.0的磷酸盐缓冲介质中,Al(Ⅲ)和O-CIPF及CTMAB形成紫红色配合物,其最大吸收波长为570nm,表现摩尔吸光系数ε_(570)=1.08×10~5L.mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。用等摩尔系列法及摩尔比法测得配合物中Al:O-CIPF=1:4。铝在0～11-μg/25ml范围內符合比尔定律。本文比较了阳离子及非离子表面活性剂,以及不同混合表面活性剂对显色反应的增敏效     

植物性中药中铷的原子吸收光谱法测定

本文研究用HNO_3——H_2O_2湿法消化样品,原子吸收光谱法直接在水相中测定植物性中药中的铷。共存元素P、Al、Ti,Fe、K、Ca和Na等对铷测定的干扰,采用表面活性剂溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)(0.25%),Ca(0.5%)和K(0.3%)予以抑制。本法的相对标准偏差为5%,标准加入回收率为97～107%,适合大多数植物性中药中铷的测定。     

Surface tension of lithium bromide aqueous solution/ammonia with additives and nano-particles

In order to investigate the effect of additives and nano-particle on the surface tensions of lithium bromide(Li Br) aqueous solution/ammonia, many experiments were carried out based on Wilhelmy plate method. Firstly, the surface tension of Li Br aqueous solution with 1-octanol was measured and then the comparison between the measured results and previous experimental results was given to verify the measuring accuracy. Some new additives, such as cationic surfactants cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride(CTAC), and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) were chosen in the experiments. The experimental results show that CTAC and CTAB can obviously reduce the surface tension of Li Br aqueous solution/ammonia. In addition, it is found that nano-particles cannot remarkably decrease the surface tension of Li Br aqueous solution/ammonia. However, the mixed addition of additives and nano-particles can remarkably affect the surface tension of Li Br aqueous solution/ammonia. That is to say, additives play more important role in reducing the surface tension of Li Br aqueous solution/ammonia. But nano-particles may enhance the heat transfer in the absorption refrigeration process.     

Effects of Surfactants SDS and CTAB on Ni-SiC Deposition

The influences of surfactant type and concentration on the content and uniformity of SiC particles in Ni-SiC deposit were studied in this paper. The electrochemical behavior of preparing Ni-SiC composite coating was investigated using the cyclic voltammetry method. Then the impact of surfactants on the deposition potential of Ni-SiC coating was analyzed. Electrochemical studies showed that the cathode overvoltage increases gradually with increasing SDS (Sodium dodecyl sulfate) concentration. The CV curve showed the shift towards a lower current at a given potential with increasing SDS concentration. Ni-SiC composite coatings were prepared by electrodeposition. The experimental results show that the dispersion of 40nm SiC in Ni-SiC coating obtained in the electrolyte containing SDS is superior that containing CTAB (cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide). CTAB increases the content of 40 nm SiC particles in the Ni-SiC coating, but the uniformity of 40 nm SiC particles in Ni-SiC composite coating is poor. SiC particles are still agglomerated. Compared with the anionic surfactant SDS and the cationic surfactant CTAB, surfactant SDS makes the particles better dispersed. But the contribution of surfactant SDS for co-deposition amount of SiC particles is negligible. The cationic surfactant CTAB can effectively improve the suspension performance of SiC particles and promote the co-deposition of SiC particles and metallic nickel. But there is still some reunion of SiC.     

Drag-reducing characteristics of cationic surfactant solution flow in copper pipe

The drag-reducing characteristics of a cationic surfactant solution flow in copper pipe have been investigated experimentally.The tested drag-reducing fluid was an aqueous solution of the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride(CTAC).The experimental results show that the maximum drag reduction percentage reduces with the increase of fluid temperature at low concentration of CTAC,such as 100×10-6 or 150×10-6.Furthermore,the concentration and temperature changes of CTAC solution have significant influences on the drag-reducing ability.The drag-reducing effect of CTAC additives shows great potentials in the application in a district heating/cooling(DHC)system,especially for the radiant floor heating(RFH)system.     

疏水缔合水凝胶对CH4的储气性能研究

以丙烯酰胺（AM）为亲水单体,与两种单体（丙烯酸十八酯C18、两性单体二甲基乙酰胺DMAC）、三种表面活性剂（十二烷基硫酸钠SDS、四丁基溴化铵TBAB、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵CTAB）采用自由基溶液聚合法制备得到5种疏水缔合水凝胶,并测量了5种水凝胶对CH4的储气性能及吸水性能。结果表明,两种表面活性剂（TBAB、CTAB）的添加,对水凝胶的储气性能有明显的影响,其中,水凝胶HC⁃SDS/TBAB对CH4的储气性能最好;两种表面活性剂的添加,对水凝胶的溶胀率也存在明显的影响,添加有两种表面活性剂的水凝胶溶胀性能明显低于单一添加SDS的水凝胶溶胀性能。     

Interaction of 4-aminosalicylic acid and surfactants in aqueous solutions using UV-Vis spectra and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy

The interactions of 4-aminosalicylic acid (4-ASA) and surfactants in aqueous solutions were investigated by using UV-Vis spectra and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy.The results showed that the strongest peak at UV-vis spectra of 4-ASA aqueous solution in the presence of cationic surfactant and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) appeared at 206 nm and took a red shift from 206 nm to 221 nm with the increase of 4-ASA concentrations from 0.8×10-5 to 4.4×10-4 mol/L.Similarly,the strongest peak at UV-vis spectra of 4-ASA aqueous solution in the presence of nonionic surfactant and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) appeared at 206 nm and took a red shift from 206 nm to 219 nm with the increase of 4-ASA concentrations from 0.8×10-5 to 4.4×10-4 mol/L.However,the similar phenomena did not appeared in the presence of anion surfactant,sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS),the UV-vis spectra of 4-ASA aqueous solution remained the same peak position and the peak value increased with the 4-ASA concentration increase.The results could be attributed to the electrostatic attraction between 4-ASA and CTAB or PVP,as well as the electrostatic repulsion between 4-ASA and SDS.Furthermore,the value of critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactants in the presence of 4-ASA was determined with Fluorescence method.The first and second CMC of CTAB was 1.2×10-4 M and 2.4×10-4 M,respectively.The first and second CMC of PVP was 1.2×10-4 M and 2.8×10-4 M.SDS realized the multiple micellizations to form multiple CMC.     

低温水热法合成均匀单分散ZnS微球

以醋酸锌和硫代硫酸钠为原料,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, CTAB)为表面活性剂,低温简单水热法合成了ZnS微球。通过XRD、TEM、SEM、FT-IR等表征手段对产品ZnS微粒进行了结构和形貌分析。结果表明:ZnS粒子为微球结构,属于立方闪锌矿结构,粒径在3μm左右,且分散性良好,球形度高;在1116cm^-1、618cm^-1、495cm^-1处出现Zn-S键的红外特征吸收峰。同时对ZnS微球的可能生长机理进行了探讨。     

影响胶束薄层色谱因素的研究

本文研究了十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和溴化十六烷基三甲胺(CTAB)浓度和表面活性剂及固定相类型、层析温度、有机改性剂等对胶束薄层色谱的影响,并计算了溶质在水和胶束间的分配系数K_(mwo)。结果表明,胶束TLC的R_f值和K_(mw),除和胶束浓度、移动相及固定相类型有关外,还与层析温度及有机改性剂的加入有关。     

阳离子聚合物研究（Ⅱ溴酚兰法测定含氮离子侧基阳离子聚合物的阳离子度）

用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（ＣＴＡＢ）作标准物，溴酚兰（ＢＰＢ）作分相指示剂，三氯甲烷作分相溶剂，以７２１分光光度计测定（ＣＴＡＢ）的光密度，得到正氮离子含量同光密度之间的关系曲线。以此曲线作为标准曲线，在同等条件下测定合正氮离子侧基阳离子聚合物的光密度，对照标准曲线求含正氮离子侧基阳离子聚合物的阳离子度。     

烷基季铵盐改性膨润土的膨胀性

用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和热重(TG)表征方法,考察了四甲基溴化铵(TMAB),四乙基溴化铵((Et)4NB),十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB),十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对膨润土膨胀性的影响。结果表明,不同季铵盐都已吸附到膨润土晶层间,短链季铵盐TMAB和(Et)4NB主要以单分子平躺在膨润土晶层之间,使膨润土的层间距比原土样降低,有很好的防膨作用。长链季铵盐DTAB和CTAB以假三层平卧、倾斜排列等方式排列,使膨润土的层间距比原土样增加,没有防膨作用。且膨润土对(Et)4NB和TMAB的吸附量低于DTAB和CTAB的。     

泡沫分离水溶液中微量茶碱工艺研究

为了探索设备和工艺简单、无污染、生产过程费用低的分离水溶液中微量茶碱方法,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵CTAB为表面活性物质,利用以加强排液的一种球形构件的泡沫分离塔对富集水溶液中微量的茶碱进行了研究.重点考察了溶液的pH、鼓泡气体流量、表面活性剂浓度及泡沫塔装液量对分离效果的影响.结果表明当合适的操作条件为CTAB浓度0.2 g/L、初始pH 8.0、气体流量300 mL/min和装液量350 mL时,茶碱的富集比为49.3,回收率为56.9%.