食用动物的宰后检验

食用动物的宰后检验吕自治（河北邯郸市峰峰矿区肉联厂０５６２００）食用动物必经正规屠宰加工和宰后卫生检验，提供食用才有保障。宰后检验是宰前检验的继续与补充。顺着屠宰加工生产流水线，采取洞体或离体的头蹄、内脏及肉尸等各个环节的检验叫做宰后检验。宰后检验是...     

商品猪的宰前检验方法

1 宰前检验的意义 商品猪的宰前检验是保证肉品卫生质量的重要环节。在执行病健隔离、病健分宰,防止肉品污染,提高肉品卫生质量,保证人民身体健康,防止疫病扩散方面起着重要作用。通过宰前检验可以发现许多宰后难以发现的人畜共患病。事实上有不少的疾病如破伤风病、狂犬病、李氏杆菌、脑炎、口蹄疫以及某些中毒性疾病,因宰后应检部位一般无特征性病变或因解剖部位的关系,在宰后检验时常有被忽略和漏检的可能,但对这些疾病依据其宰前的临床症状易作出诊断,可是由于忽视了宰前检验,也就失去了根据宰前检查诊断疫病的机会,既增加了宰后检验的困难,又造成了肉品的污染和牲畜疫病扩散的机会。猪宰前临床检查的主要任务是发现猪炭疽、猪瘟、丹毒、喘气病、副伤寒、萎缩性鼻炎、传染性水瘤病、口蹄疫等。     

猪的宰后检验

1　宰后检验的目的和意义宰后检验就是对宰后的肉尸和内脏按规定的程序和部位进行检查。宰后检验是整个肉品卫生检验工作中极为重要的一环 ,是宰前检验的继续和补充 ,因为生猪虽然经过了宰前检验 ,将一些症状明显的或疑似的病猪剔出加以处理 ,但仍有一些症状不明显的病猪未被检出 ,随同健康猪进入屠宰加工车间 ,其肉尸、内脏、血液、皮毛、骨骼以及污水、粪尿等 ,往往带有病菌、病毒、虫体、虫卵 ,对此类产品和废物不进行严格的无害化处理 ,病原体就会随着产品和废物的利用传播开来 ,不仅危害人民健康 ,还可引起疫病流行 ,甚至造成大批猪的…     

宰前检疫与宰前管理

生猪的宰前检疫和宰前管理是保证肉品卫生质量的重要环节,也是兽医卫生检疫工作的第一步措施。它在贯彻执行病健隔离、病健分宰、防止肉品污染,提高肉品卫生质量,保障食肉安全等方面起着重要的作用。     

生猪宰后囊虫病的检验

猪囊虫病是一种危害较大的人、猪共患病,生猪宰后此病的严格检验和处理是防止人感染有钩绦虫病和囊虫病的有效途径,在兽医公共卫生上具有极为重要的意义。GB16548—1996《畜禽害肉尸及其产品无害化处理规程》规定囊虫病畜的肉尸和内脏进行化制处理,这就对生猪宰后囊虫的检验提出了更高的要求,我厂根据《肉品卫生检验试行规程》进行总结探索,有效地控制了囊虫漏检。     

宰前及宰后处理改良畜禽肉品质的研究进展

肉品质是人们对肉类多种质量特性的综合评价。畜禽肉品质的改良是一项复杂的系统工程,必须从多方面全盘考虑。宰前及宰后处理是生产中改良肉品质的重要途径。畜禽在宰前进行短期特殊饲养并改善驱赶、转运和运输的方法,可以大幅度降低宰前动物的应激反应,提高肉的品质;宰后电刺激胴体、注射品质改良剂、合理冷却降温、适当的成熟过程以及特殊嫩化处理等多种技术也能使肉品质得到有效的改善。     

猪宰后检疫要点及常见病判定

宰后检疫是肉品卫生检验工作中重要的环节。宰前检疫时，一些潜伏期的病畜不易发现，因此，在宰后检疫中必须严格要求，才能正确判定肉尸和内脏的卫生质量。现就生猪定点屠宰集中检疫中宰后检疫要点谈谈本人体会。猪的宰后检疫分以下几个程序：     

猪宰后检验淋巴结的重要性

目前,在生猪屠宰检验中,忽视生猪宰后淋巴结检验的现象较为普遍.为准确作出判断,必须重视对淋巴结的检验,特别是对能反映生猪病理状态的淋巴系统的检验尤为重要.对此,谈点看法供参考.     

屠宰猪红膘肉的宰后检验与处理

红膘肉是指屠宰猪皮下脂肪组织由于血管充血、出血或者血红素浸润而呈现粉红色彩。在宰后检验的实践过程中 ,我们发现 ,红膘肉的产生主要是非传染性因素所致 ,如长途运输、屠畜过度疲劳、宰前未得到充分休息而立即屠宰、宰前未充分饮水和沐浴以及背部受冷、热空气或机械刺激等。另外 ,还可能与感染急性猪丹毒、猪瘟、猪肺疫、猪副伤寒及其他原因引起的剧烈腹泻有关。这就要求检疫检验人员有较高的业务水平 ,依据宰后猪的各种病理变化正确判定红膘肉产生的原因 ,从而正确处理红膘肉。下面分类介绍红膘肉的宰后检验要点。1　冷热刺激引起的红…     

生猪宰前皮温、宰后肉温及pH值对肉品质量影响

生猪屠宰后,肉尸(胴体)会产生系列新陈代谢变化.这一过程和结果直接关系到肉品卫生安全质量.宰前皮肤温度与宰后肌肉温度及pH值变化,是影响猪肉品质的三个主要因素.宰前充分休息与饮水,宰后严格冷却工艺和屠宰修正工艺是提高肉品品质的重要措施.     

牦牛、藏系羊屠宰副产物系列产品的研制开发

目的 立足于青海省丰富的牦牛、藏系羊屠宰副产物资源, 研制开发牦牛、藏系羊屠宰副产物系列产品。方法 借鉴和结合国内外先进的肉品加工工艺和方法, 通过精制、调配、营养强化, 感官指标改进、稳定性试验等工艺过程进行研制。结果 得到牦牛、藏系羊屠宰副产物的熏制、腌制以及汤料等即食系列产品。结论 该类产品形式新颖, 携带方便, 功能属性明显, 食用安全卫生。     

宰前及屠宰过程中影响猪肉品质的主要因素

影响猪肉品质的因素有遗传因素和环境因素。主要从宰前管理、屠宰环节等环境因素的角度综述其对猪肉品质的影响,旨在为生产出安全、优质的猪肉产品提供理论依据。     

某屠宰场大肠杆菌O26的分离与鉴定

为了了解屠宰场大肠杆菌O26污染情况,参考美国农业部(united states department of agriculture,USDA)的检测方法,对样品进行选择性增菌,经免疫磁珠富集、选择性显色培养基mRainbow Agar分离纯化后,挑选可疑菌株采用PCR方法鉴定O抗原,进一步采用血清凝集试验进行验证,并对确认的阳性菌株采用多重PCR方法进行毒力基因(stx1、stx2、eae、hly)检测。结果表明,采集的120份样品中共分离到1株大肠杆菌O26,但上述4种毒力基因均为阴性。该屠宰场存在大肠杆菌O26的污染,但分离出的大肠杆菌O26没有携带毒力基因。     

黄鳝宰杀机的研究

介绍了黄鳝宰杀机的结构和工作原理,对成鳝的体形特征进行了统计分析,研究了喂入长度、导向压板长度及压力、剖刀伸出距离、刮刀伸出距离对宰杀性能影响规律,并进行了技术经济分析。     

Salmonella in slaughter pigs: the effect of logistic slaughter procedures of pigs on the prevalence of Salmonella in pork

A substantial part of the finishing pigs in the Netherlands is infected with Salmonella. Infection of pigs with Salmonella can occur already on the farm. Pigs can also get infected or contaminated during transport, lairage or slaughter. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of separating pigs from Salmonella-infected farms from pigs from Salmonella-free farms during transport, lairage and slaughter on the prevalence of Salmonella on pork after slaughter. Two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, farms were selected to participate, based on serology of the pigs (Dutch Salmonella ELISA). The pigs were slaughtered at the beginning of the day: firstly, sero-negative herds, secondly, sero-positive herds and thirdly, again sero-negative herds. The latter were slaughtered to investigate the effect of a contaminated slaughterline due to a previously slaughtered positive herd. In the second experiment, farms were selected to participate, based on both serology and bacteriology of the pigs on the farm. Two hundred pigs from Salmonella-free farms were slaughtered after 200 pigs from Salmonella-infected farms. Results showed that the prevalence of Salmonella in pork samples of sero-negative herds was lower than in samples of sero-positive herds. Results also showed that Salmonella contamination of carcasses after slaughter was partially caused by Salmonella-infected herds that were slaughtered before, and partially by residential flora of the slaughterhouse. It is concluded that separate slaughter of sero-negative pig herds can be useful to decrease the prevalence of Salmonella-contaminated pork after slaughter. To avoid cross-contamination by residential flora from trucks, lairage and slaughterline, cleaning and disinfection have to be improved.     

不同屠宰方式对新疆多浪羊肉品质的影响

以新疆多浪羊为研究对象,对比分析传统屠宰（对照）和3 个不同电压（90、127 V和220 V）击晕屠宰 （分别计作EST 90、EST 127、EST 220）对多浪羊肉品质的影响。结果表明：EST 90处理组成熟过程中pH值下降 速率最快,血液中的皮质醇浓度、肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶活力最高,羊应激反应最剧烈,宰后1、7 d的蒸煮损失率 最高（P＜0.05）;EST 127处理组的持水力最好;电击晕对多浪羊肉嫩度有一定影响,宰后7 d各处理组嫩度显著 改善,而EST 127处理组表现最佳;EST 220处理组放血不充分,且胴体表皮有多处血斑形成;电击晕屠宰对多浪羊 肉色泽无显著影响（P＞0.05）。综合分析实验结果,EST 127处理组持水力与嫩度较优,羊应激反应较小,肉品质 相对较好,因此EST 127处理适合应用于多浪羊的屠宰加工。     

Effect of paratuberculosis on slaughter weight and slaughter value of dairy cows

The effect of infection with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) on slaughter weight and slaughter value of dairy cows was evaluated. Two data sets were analyzed: 1) recordings from 1,031 cows from herds in a pilot study to control MAP infections, and 2) recordings from 36,455 cows from herds participating in the Danish MAP control program. The effect of stage of MAP infection on carcass weight and slaughter value was assessed by ANOVA. Infection stage was diagnosed by repeated milk antibody ELISA in both data sets. Furthermore, repeated fecal culture was recorded in data set 1 and occurrence of enteritis or enteric edema found at slaughter was recorded in data sets 1 and 2. Compared with presumably unaffected cows with at least 2 ELISA negative tests, slaughter weight and value were reduced by 10 and 17%, respectively, in cows with positive ELISA at slaughter. If the cow was also positive using fecal culture, slaughter weight and value were reduced up to 15 and 31%, respectively. The slaughter weight and value were reduced an additional 20 and 31%, respectively, for cases with recorded enteritis or edema. Thereby, summarized weight losses of up to 31% and slaughter value losses up to 48% occurred. Cows with negative fecal cultures had reduced slaughter results only if they were ELISA-positive in the last 2 tests. Losses of both slaughter weight and slaughter value caused by MAP were more severe than previously estimated. These losses could be predicted by repeated milk ELISA tests with or without confirmation with fecal culture.     

拉萨地区牦牛屠宰过程中的微生物污染

为探明拉萨地区牦牛胴体屠宰过程中的微生物污染程度,明确微生物关键控制点,对拉萨地区某具有代表 性的规范屠宰企业屠宰前车间空气中的微生物、各屠宰工艺环节牦牛胴体表面以及人员用具的菌落总数和大肠菌群 数量进行测定。结果表明：屠宰前车间微生物污染严重;随着剥皮和去内脏工艺的进行,牦牛胴体的菌落总数和大 肠菌群数量显著增加;斧劈四分体后胴体的菌落总数和大肠菌群数量均显著高于剥皮和去内脏后;牦牛屠宰过程中 微生物的主要来源是垫板和斧头。     

浅谈猪胴体前段加工工艺与设备

为尽可能节约成本,提高产品质量,围绕屠宰加工流程,提出了在各个加工环节如何选择合适的加工工艺及加工设备,同时,强调在我国特有的国情下,各道工序只有综合配置资源,才能达到最佳效果.     

中国家禽屠宰加工技术及装备在"十二五"期间的发展目标

多种原因造成了中国的家禽屠宰加工技术和装备落后于发达国家30～40年.分析原因,明确目标,争取在"十二五"期间,努力实现"中国的家禽屠宰加工技术和装备的跨越式发展",让中国的家禽加工业早日用上国产的自动化设备.