Multicomponent Optical Glasses with High Refractive Index

Glass and Ceramics - The effect of the modifying oxides Nb2O5, BaO, Ga2O3, and TiO2 on the glass-forming ability, the thermal, physical, and optical properties of glasses in the four-component...     

远红外Ge-Te-Se硫系玻璃与光纤(英文)

采用传统的熔融–淬冷法制备了系列GexTe65Se(35–x)(x=20,22,23,24;摩尔分数,x%)Te基硫系玻璃。利用X射线衍射、差示扫描量热分析、分光光度计、红外光谱仪等设备研究了玻璃的性能。这些玻璃具有良好的热稳定性和红外透过性能。组分为Ge23Te65Se12,Ge24Te65Se11的玻璃的差示扫描量热曲线中没有出现析晶峰,表明玻璃具有良好的抗析晶性能。组分为Ge24Te65Se11的玻璃的转变温度Tg最高,达到了188℃。这些玻璃样品的红外透过范围都很宽,从近红外的1.8μm到远红外的18μm。通过在玻璃的制备工艺中引入蒸馏提纯工艺可以有效减弱杂质吸收峰对玻璃红外透过性能的影响。最后,选用Ge23Te65Se12玻璃作为包层,Ge24Te65Se11玻璃作为纤芯,采用棒管法完成了具有纤芯包层结构的Ge-Te-Se红外光纤的拉制。     

Optical Spectroscopic Analysis of High Density Lead Borosilicate Glasses

Lead borosilicate glasses, of chemical composition 20SiO₂-xPbO-(15 + x)B₂O₃-5WO₂-10ZnO-(50-2x) Na₂O (where x = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25) were prepared using the normal melt-quenching technique. The samples were examined using a Philips Analytical X-ray diffraction system in order to check their amorphous nature. The effect of increasing B₂O₃ and PbO content on glass transition temperature was examined using Differential Thermal Analysis measurements (DTA). The results of DTA showed that both melting and glass transition temperatures decrease with increase of lead and boron oxides. Density and its related parameters have been determined to study the effect of lead-boron content on the structural properties of the prepared samples. Based on the density and DTA results, the network forming role of Pb and B ions was proved. The optical properties of the glass samples have been obtained using UV-VIS measurements. The optical parameters, such as optical band gap, Urbach energy, refractive index, and electronic polarizability were deduced based on the optical data. The observed increase in optical band gap and decrease in Urbach energy as well as the red shift in the absorption spectra arise due to the formation of non-bridging oxygen.     

发展中的光纤保护性涂料

本文对发展中的光纤保护性涂料进行了介绍，重点介绍了热固化和紫外光固化两大类光纤涂料的固化原理、组成特性、涂覆工艺及主要性能。     

Rethinking Optical Fiber: New Demands,Old Glasses

From a materials perspective optical fibers are victims of their own success. The advent of the laser, 50 yr ago, coupled with an insatiable demand for information enabled by light‐based communications, ushered in a golden age of glass science and engineering. It is somewhat ironic that the staggering ubiquity of information today, which is carried globally and almost instantaneously via optical fibers, is enabled largely by one material—silica—into which only a few components are added. The richness of the Periodic Table has largely been forgotten. The purpose of this study was to rethink the materials that can be used to make commercially relevant optical fibers and describe the extraordinary properties, with stimulated Brillouin scattering being the primary exemplar, of fibers made from otherwise ordinary materials. In particular, this study focuses on the use of the molten core approach to optical fiber fabrication and the novel yet practical fibers that can be produced. This study is purposely provocative and aims to reassert the centrality (and simplicity and beauty) of glass science as the best approach to meet future challenges for high‐performance optical fibers.     

Reaction of Hydrogen with Optical Defects in Glasses

A kinetic model for the removal of optical defects in glasses by exposure to hydrogen or deuterium gas is presented. Since annealing involves a chemical reaction at low temperatures, it is called "chemical annealing" to distinguish it from the common, higher-temperature, thermal annealing processes. As an example, this model is applied to the elimination of the aluminum/oxygen hole center in irradiated vitreous silica at 73°C in 93 kPa of D₂.     

Alternative Prooftester for High-Strength Optical Fibers

Reproducible, nondestructive methods of prooftesting continuous, multikllometer lengths of high-strength (>1.4 GPa) optical fiber are important in high-performance applications of lightguide technology. An alternative prooftester based on the concept of continuously imparting a constant strain rather than a constant weight to the optical fiber has been built and tested. The constant-strain design is somewhat simpler and has certain advantages over a widely used prooftester. The constant-strain method is explained, and prooftest data that substantiate the advantages of the design are presented.     

Optical Properties of Diatomic Glasses

The ability of elements to form glasses, the leading part played by the elements of Group VI (O, S, Se, and Te), and the possible influence of the elements of Group VII (F, Cl, Br, and I) are discussed. New glasses suggested by previous work were melted and the refractive index ( n ) and coefficient of dispersion ( v ) of some of them were measured. Inspection of the n, v plots of oxide, sulfide, selenide, and telluride glasses shows that the area corresponding to them extends toward high values of refractive index ( n _max= 5.3) and low values of dispersion coefficient ( v _min=4).     

高纯硫系玻璃和光纤的制备技术

高纯度硫系玻璃如As-A,As-Se和Ge-As-Se系统都是很有希望作为中红外低损耗的光纤材料，本文主要回顾了制备高纯度的硫系玻璃和光纤材料的一些问题，并对这些问题进行了讨论，最后举例说明了这种光纤的一些实际应用。     

Refractive Index Dispersion of Sodium Magnesium Silicate Glasses for Ultralow-Loss Fibers

The refractive index dispersion and infrared (IR) reflection spectra of soda magnesium silicate glasses with low Rayleigh scattering were measured to evaluate their potential for use in fabricating ultralow-loss fibers. The zero-material dispersion wavelength (λ₀) was found to be around 1.5 μm, which is one of the key wavelengths in the present telecommunication system. The compositional dependence of λ₀ was found to relate to the population of nonbridging oxygen. Since the oscillation strength and frequency of the Si—O stretching vibrations of the glasses were found to be smaller than those of silica glass, their IR absorption loss was considered to be less than that of silica glass. The minimum loss due to the intrinsic factors, Rayleigh scattering and IR absorption, was estimated to be 0.06 dB/km at 1.6μm.     

Reaction of High-Silica Optical Fibers with Hydrofluoric Acid

Optical fibers are used to determine the etching rate and activation energy of silica and high-silica glasses in hydrofluoric acid. The reaction is linearly dependent on time and transport controlled.     

Absorption and Scattering Losses in Glasses and Fibers for Light Guidance

Fiber optics for telecommunications applications require very high purity glass. Light loss in glass results primarily from absorption and scattering. Transition metal ions and OH ions cause most of the absorption, whereas scattering is caused by microheterogeneity. Scattering losses vary from 1 to 4 dB/km at 850 nm; absorption losses are high near 630 nm, because of Cr³⁺ and Ni²⁺ impurities, but are lower near 850 nm, making this a preferred wavelength region. Flint glass with a total loss of 50 dB/km at 850 nm, prepared using pure material and special techniques, was used as the core of thin-clad optical fibers 70 μm in diameter; these fibers had an internal loss at 850 nm of ∼450 dB/km.     

Comparative Optical Characteristics of Sheet Glasses

The paper provides a comparative analysis of the ability of sheet glass produced by different companies to transmit solar radiation in different ranges: 300 – 2500 nm (direct solar transmission), 300 – 380 nm (ultraviolet transmission), and 380 – 780 nm (light transmission). It is demonstrated that a high level of light transmission does not always ensure high ultraviolet transmission. __________ Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 5, pp. 5 – 6, May, 2005.     

Optical Spectra of Copper-Doped Zn-Phosphate Glasses

Copper-containing, binary, Zn-phosphate glasses were melted under reductive conditions. The profile of their optical spectra and their color change drastically when the ZnO content of the host is modified. An increase in the host's ZnO concentration tilts the copper oxidation state's equilibria toward the reduced species Cu⁺ and Cu⁰. In hosts containing more than 52 mol% ZnO, the Cu⁰ aggregates precipitate upon melt cooling to form ruby glasses. The ruby color also appears in glasses including 50 mol% ZnO, after thermal treatments. The effect of ZnO increase, in the composition of binary Zn-phosphate glasses, on the redox equilibria of a copper dopant, is inverse to that caused by increase of Na₂O content in the case of Na-phosphate hosts.     

Strength of Proof-Tested Optical Fibers

Minimum strengths of proof-tested optical fibers were investigated on the basis of the fracture mechanics concept. To confirm truncation of the minimum strength by the proof test, tensile tests were performed for long proofed fibers over a total length of 150 km. The results confirm that the proof test is useful in guaranteeing the minimum strength.     

BaO-TiO2-SiO2系统高折射率光学玻璃

以BaO-TiO2-SiO2-RmOn系统为研究对象。在SiO2质量百分含量分别为15%、12%、10%时,改变BaO/TiO2的比值,得到一组高折射率光学玻璃。测试玻璃的密度、折射率、阿贝数和紫外到红外波段的透过率等物化性质,研究密度和折射率与组成的关系及影响阿贝数、透过率大小的因素。结果表明,密度随BaO/TiO2比值的增加先增加后减小,折射率随BaO/TiO2比值的增加而减小,折射率和密度变化趋势不一致。TiO2含量是影响阿贝数和透过率大小的主要因素。     

对玻璃材质热稳定性能测试方法的探讨

对玻璃材质热稳定性能测试方法的探讨刘新年，林宝英，付桂臣（西北轻工业学院７１２０３１）ＡＮｅｗＭｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒＭｅａｓｕｒｉｎｇＴｈｅｒｍａｌＳｈｏｃｋＲｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅｏｆＧｌａｓｓｅｓ￥ＬｉｕＸｉｎｎｉａｎ；ＬｉｎＢａｏｙｉｎｇ；ＦｕＧｕｉｃ...     

一种新的微型激光器材料--稀土掺杂玻璃

制得了具有双包层结构的掺Nd^3 和Yb^3 单模磷酸盐玻璃光纤,用中心波长为800nm的半导体激光器件钕光纤的光泵源,在室温下获得了波长为1．053um,输出功率为8．36mW的连续激光输出,用930nm的钛宝石激光泵浦掺镱光纤,也获得了1．067um的激光,研究了Nd^3 ,Yb^3 ,Er^3 离子掺杂四磷酸盐玻璃和氟化物玻璃的发光性能与浓度的关系,以及Yb^3 /Er^3 双掺杂玻璃的发光性能,得到了掺钕四磷酸盐玻璃,Yb^3 /Er^3 双掺四磷酸盐玻璃和掺氟铝酸盐玻璃等几种在微片激光器有应用前景的材料。     

塑料光纤研究概况

塑料光纤具有许多无机光纤不可比拟的特点,已应用于传感器、医疗、装饰、通信等领域。介绍塑料光纤的材料、性能、制造方法及最新研究成果,并对塑料光纤的发展进行了展望。