Flotation of copper oxide minerals: A reviewOA

Copper oxide minerals are important copper resources, which include malachite, azurite, chrysocolla,cuprite, etc. Flotation is the most widely used method for the enrichment of copper oxide minerals in the mineral processing industry. In this paper, the surface properties of copper oxide minerals and their effects on the mineral flotation behavior are systematically summarized. The flotation methods of copper oxide minerals and the interaction mechanism with reagents are reviewed in detail. Flot...     

2018年中国磷矿选矿年评

总结了2018年国内磷矿选矿的最新科研成果,包括磷矿浮选机理、选矿工艺、浮选药剂、选矿设备以及选矿试验设计。浮选机理研究常采用Zeta电位测定、红外光谱表征、吸附量、表面张力测试以及溶液化学平衡计算等方法。选矿工艺呈现多样化,特别是高性能改性捕收剂和选矿设备的开发为磷矿选矿工业生产起到了较大的推动作用。但是关于磷矿选矿基础理论及选矿智能化的系统研究则较为欠缺,有待于进一步加强。     

辛基羟肟酸浮选行为的研究进展

羟肟酸是一类高效、低毒、选择性强的捕收剂,已被广泛应用于多种金属矿,特别是稀土矿物的浮选。其中,辛基羟肟酸（OHA）碳链长度适中,生产工艺简单且成本低,具有良好的浮选性能和起泡性能。介绍了OHA的合成方法、捕收机理、分析检测手段及其在稀土矿物、钨矿物、铁矿物、锡石、孔雀石等矿物浮选中的应用。OHA可通过络合作用与多种金属离子形成稳定的杂环螯合物,从而实现药剂在矿物表面的选择性吸附。OHA浮选pH范围较宽,pH为7左右浮选效果最佳。在抑制剂的作用下,OHA能实现稀土矿物、钨矿物等有价矿物与重晶石、萤石、石英等脉石矿物的有效分离。开发基于OHA 的组合药剂,有望获得更好的选别指标和经济效益。     

Theoretical study of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives as chelating collectors in flotation separation of galena and pyrite

Three 2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives, 1-ethyl-2-mercapto-benzimidazole (EMBI), 1-propyl-2-mercapto-benzimidazole (PMBI) and 1-benze-2-mercapto-benzimidazole (BMBI), were designed and synthesized in the paper, and their collecting behavior in flotation separation process of galena over pyrite was investigated by flotation tests on lab scale. Apart from this, density functional theory (DFT) calculation and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were also used to elucidate their collecting mechanism. Results of flotation tests indicate that separation of galena over pyrite is feasible at pH 10, and BMBI has the best floatability among three collectors. DFT calculations show that BMBI has the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy and strongest collecting efficiency. The adsorption mode of three collectors on mineral surface by MD method indicates that the combination processes of collectors with mineral are exothermic, and the higher the binding energy, the firmer the collector adsorbs on the mineral surface and the higher collecting capacity. The calculation results demonstrate that the floatability of three collectors follows the order: BMBI > PMBI > EMBI, which is highly consistent with the flotation tests.     

基于脂肪酸的磷矿捕收剂的研制与应用进展

对近年来以脂肪酸为基础开发磷矿选矿药剂的研究进展进行了论述. 系统地介绍了以脂肪酸为原料研制的四类磷矿捕收剂,即:混合脂肪酸皂化类、脂肪酸衍生物类、脂肪酸转化类和羟肟酸类. 从脂肪酸出发,对脂肪酸皂化、改性、羧基转化和羟肟化的合成方法及捕收剂的选矿效果进行了概述,分析了各改性捕收剂的选矿原理,对这些捕收剂的进一步开发提出了相应的建议. 指出了根据工艺矿物学特征开发多功能基的选矿药剂成是提高选矿效率的关键,因此,对价廉的原料进行化学改性,开发高效催化剂提高捕收剂的合成效率是以脂肪酸为基础开发磷矿选矿药剂的有效途径.     

磁浮力场中矿物浮选机理研究

利用Ｘ．Ｐ．Ｓ测定、药剂在矿物表面的吸附量测定,磁浮联合力场中浮选的泡沫特性和浮选动力学研究,讨论了磁浮联合力场中提高矿物浮选效率的机理。结果表明,磁浮联合力场能促进药剂在矿表的吸附,增加矿表疏水性成份的转化,改善泡沫特性,提高浮选速度。     

捕收剂在硫化矿物表面吸附机理的研究进展

综述了药剂与硫化矿表面吸附作用机理的理论研究,总结了现代表面测试技术在硫化矿表面吸附作用机理研究中的应用前景．表面测试技术在选矿中的应用,使矿物与药剂的吸附机理研究更加深入,也促进了浮选理论和工艺技术的持续发展和不断完善．     

Study on interaction energy between flotation reagent and mineral surface

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Effect of 2-aminothiophenol on the separation of jamesonite and marmatite

The minerals jamesonite and marmatite have similar surface properties.Separating them using a flotation method is inefficient.For separation of lead and zinc the lead mineral is generally floated preferentially to the zinc mineral,which appears in the sinks.In this study a new of collector,2-aminothiophenoi,is introduced that can float a zinc mineral,as a product entrapped in foam,preferentially.Single mineral flotation tests revealed that 2-aminothiophenol has good selectivity for flotation of marmatite.An artificial mixture of minerals used in a flotation test showed that 2-aminothiophenol can effectively separate marmatite from jamesonite.A product assaying at 45.06% Zn and 4.06% Pb was produced.FTIR spectra were employed to probe the adsorption mechanism of 2-aminothiophenol onto marmatite.The results indicate that adsorption of 2-aminothiophenol onto jamesonite and marmatite were,respectively,physical adsorption and chemical adsorption.This agrees with the flotation results.     

评流程方案与可浮性的关系

本文通过实验数据,评述了矿物可浮性对选定浮选流程方案的影响,矿物可浮性可以通过工艺条件和药剂制度加以调节和控制。但在浮选过程中由于特定条件下的稳定因素、逐渐积累的干扰因素以及中矿返回的影响因素等,导致矿物可浮性随处理时间的长短而有程度不同的变化。其中,后两因素可能与工艺条件、药剂制度产生协同作用而左右矿物可浮性的稳定因素,矿物可浮性对确定流程方案具有不可忽视的重要作用,从两例矿石中含有可浮性不稳定矿物的几种不同流程方案表明,这类矿石必须使用各自所能适应的工艺流程,只有可浮性基本稳定的矿物不仅可使工艺流程不复杂,同时还可使工艺流程典型化。     

Quantitative Correlation between Group Connectivity Index and Property of Flotation Reagent

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Investigation of pyrite surface state by DFT and AFM

The surface states of pyrite(Fe S2) were theoretically investigated using first principle calculation based on the density functional theory(DFT). The results indicate that both the(200) and(311) surfaces of pyrite undergo significant surface atom relaxation after geometry optimization, which results in a considerable distortion of the surface region. In the normal direction, i.e., perpendicular to the surface, S atoms in the first surface layer move outward from the bulk, while Fe atoms move toward the bulk, forming an S-rich surface. The surface relaxation processes are driven by electrostatic interaction, which is evidenced by a relative decrease in the surface energy after surface relaxation. Such a relaxation process is visually interpreted through the qualitative analysis of molecular mechanics. Atomic force microscopy(AFM) analysis reveals that only sulfur atom is visible on the pyrite surface. This result is consistent with the DFT data. Such S-rich surface has important influence on the flotation properties of pyrite.     

Effect of organic depressant lignosulfonate calcium on separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite

In order to selectively separate chalcopyrite from pyrite, the effect of organic depressant lignosulfonate calcium (LSC) on the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite was investigated by flotation tests. The depression mechanism was studied by Fourier-transform-infrared (FTIR) analysis. The flotation tests of single mineral show that LSC can depress the flotation of pyrite in a certain pH range, but it has little effect on chalcopyrite flotation. Flotation separation of a mixture of chalcopyrite and pyrite can be completed to obtain a copper concentrate grade up to 24.73% with a recovery of 80.36%. IR analysis shows that LSC and butyl xanthate compete in absorption on pyrite surface, and there exists an LSC characteristic peak on pyrite surface. There is little adsorption of LSC on chalcopyrite.     

Quantitative Correlation between Group Connectivity Index and Property of Flotation Reagent

Topological method is applied firstly to calculate the group connectivity indexes of some flotation reagents for sulfide minerals and oxide minerals. The study reveals that some properties of flotation reagents, such as group electronegativity, energy criterion, solubility product of chemicals and maximum wavelength of ultraviolet absorbency, have linear correlation with the first order group connectivity index (GCI) of polar group, and the related coefficients are all larger than 0.900. The GCI can be used to characterize the structure of groups, and is a sort of new effective structural parameter to study the quantitative structure-activity relationship of flotation reagents. Foundation item: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 59904006) Biography of the first author: CAO Yu-cai, born in Nov. 1975. Now is a Ph. D. candidate in Chemistry Department of Zhejing University, majoring in design and synthesis of flotation reagents & fine chemicals.     

A review of flotation and selective separation of pyrrhotite: A perspective from crystal structures

Pyrrhotite is an associated mineral that exists widely in sulfide ore. The presence of pyrrhotite will affect the recovery of platinum group minerals. Therefore, researchers have paid increasing attention to the flotation separation of pyrrhotite. Pyrrhotite superstructures owning different Fe/S ratios results in various crystal structures, corresponding to different physical, chemical and electronic properties, and consequently different flotation behavior. In the present paper, a comprehensive review is conducted to discuss the influence of crystal structures on the natural floatability, mineral-reagent interaction, surface oxidation and flotation electrochemistry of pyrrhotite. The selective flotation process of pyrrhotite from its associated minerals is also reviewed in this paper. It is hoped that this review can summarize the newly published research results combined with some representative results from the past, to provide a theoretical basis for the study of the flotation mechanism of pyrrhotite and provide a new direction for future research on pyrrhotite.     

酸对捕收剂在胶磷矿和白云石表面吸附的影响

浮选过程中抑制剂会使矿物表面亲水,还可能与捕收剂存在竞争吸附. 硫酸和磷酸是钙（镁）质磷矿石反浮选工艺常用的抑制剂. 通过单矿物和人工混合矿浮选试验及吸附量测定,研究了胶磷矿 - 白云石反浮选体系中,抑制剂硫酸或磷酸浓度对捕收剂 GJBW 在矿物表面吸附量的影响. 结果表明,酸浓度对矿物上浮率影响较大,但对捕收剂在胶磷矿和白云石表面吸附量影响均较小,说明该体系中抑制剂和捕收剂在矿物表面不是竞争吸附而是共同吸附,综合决定表面亲/疏水性,进而影响其上浮率. 于是建立了两者在矿物表面共同吸附的双电层模型,其中不溶油酸分子（HOl）作为主要捕收剂组分在白云石 - 水界面起主导作用使表面疏水,而胶磷矿酸溶释放出的或磷酸电离出的 H ₂ PO ₄ ^- 做为主要抑制组分在胶磷矿 - 水界面起主导作用使表面亲水.     

AN EFFICIENT ACTIVATIOR ON FLOTATION OF FINE ANTIMONY OXIDE

Recoveryoffineantimonyoxidewithfrothflotationisoneofthemostdifficultproblems.Theoxidemineralisnotonlytobeslimedeasily,butalsotendstoformcolloidinwatersolution,andtoitshydrolysis,onitssurface,thereexistsSbO,inalkalinesolutionandSbO inacidicsolution.UPtonow,traditionalgravityconcentrationmethodhasbeenuniversallyusedtorecoverantimonyoxide.Nowsomeantimonymillsstilluseshakingtabletechnique,buttherecoveryisonlyabout20%.Inflotationsystem,thecolloidofantimonyoxideiseasilyadheredonthesurfaceofsilicif…     

黄铁矿浮选中抑制剂WHL-Y1降镁的作用机理

在黄铁矿浮选中,使用抑制剂WHL-Y1可有效地降低精矿中MgO含量.通过工艺矿相研究及吸附量、Zata电位、红外光谱测定,研究了WHL-Y1的作用机理：WHL-Y1中的-P-OH离子可以与矿物表面的Mg^2＋（Ca^2＋）发生化学反应,增强不纯黄铁矿的亲水性,在浮选时使其受到抑制,较纯黄铁矿可以优先浮选分离.     

Mechanism study on flotation separation of molybdenite from chalcocite using thioglycollic acid as depressant

Effects of collectors(butyl xanthate(BX), O-isopropyl-N-sulfur ethyl carbamate(Z-200) and emulsified kerosene), dereagent(sodium sulfide) and depressant thioglycollic acid(TGA) on the flotation of chalcocite and molybdenite were investigated through flotation. The first principle theory was adopted to understand the difference of their surfaces and reaction between minerals and reagents. Results of flotation tests revealed that selectivity of emulsified kerosene is the best of three collectors in separation of chalcocite and molybdenite, though the others also display excellent collecting properties. Sodium sulfide can effectively remove collectors adsorbed on chalcocite surface, and TGA is an effective depressant of chalcocite at pH 8-9. Through first principle study, molybdenite displays relatively stronger covalence property while bonding interaction between copper atoms in chalcocite enhanced its ionicity. Bonding interaction is weaker in reaction of TGA and molybdenite, so it shows higher hydrophobicity and better flotability. Therefore, TGA is an effective inhibitor in the separation.     

Synthesis of glycerine-xanthate and its depressing mechanism in separation of marmatite from arsenopyrite

A small molecular organic depressor glycerine-xanthate was synthesized. The effect of glycerine-xanthate on the flotation of sulfide minerals was investigated based on a function of pH value and concentration of glycerine-xanthate through flotation experiments in the presence and absence of Cu^2＋. The results show that glycerinee-xanthate has a strong dressing effect on marmatite at pH〉6 and on arsenopyrite in weak acid and base conditions with butyl-xanthate as collector. In the presence of glycerine -xanthate, marmatite is activated by addition of Cu^2＋, but arsenopyrite cannot be activated and remains unfloatable. So the selective separation can be achieved for two minerals. The depression of glycerine-xanthate on sulfide minerals was discussed based on the radical electronegative calculation and the theory of HSAB. Infrared spectrum shows that there are some -OH and-CSS-in glycedne-xanthate molecule, which competes with butyl-xanthate on the mineral surface. As a result of many hydrophilic groups in glycerine-xanthate, the surfaces of marmatite and arsenopyrite become hydrophilic, thus the flotation of marmatite and arsenopyrite is depressed. The collector is adsorbed preferentially on the surface of marmatite and it shows a better floatability in the presence of Cu^2＋, whereas, the surface of arsenopyrite absorbs glycerine-xanthate and the flotation of arsenopyrite is depressed by glycerine-xanthate.