确定轴向冲击下薄壁圆柱壳第二临界速度的新方法

研究薄壁圆柱壳的动态屈曲模式，有助于构造具有高吸能率的抗冲击结构。根据轴向冲击下的薄壁圆柱壳存在使其屈曲模式由轴对称转换为非轴对称的第二临界速度，且当冲击速度大于第二临界速度时薄壁圆柱壳的屈曲模式先呈现轴对称形式，然后随着冲击响应时间逐渐由轴对称形式转化为非轴对称形式这一理论，基于有限元仿真，比较撞击系统动能的时间历程和屈曲变形的时间历程，提出了用以确定第二临界速度的能量迭代法。应用此方法设计薄壁圆柱壳的动力屈曲结构可有效地减少试验次数，降低实验成本。该方法的可行性和正确性利用落锤实验得到了验证。     

侧向爆炸荷载下金属圆柱壳动力屈曲模态的实验研究

对金属圆柱壳在其中心部位经受75g柱状TNT炸药侧向爆炸冲击时的动力屈曲进行了实验研究,系统分析了3种壁厚的金属圆柱壳在不同爆炸距离下受侧向爆炸冲击的变形历程、最终变形模式和能量分配方式。得出了金属圆柱壳受侧向爆炸载荷时的4种典型屈曲模式及其相应的屈曲参数指标值,为金属柱壳结构爆炸破坏分级及结构抗爆设计提供了实验依据。     

外压作用下椭圆截面柱壳的弹性屈曲

基于能量法推导了外压作用下椭圆截面柱壳弹性屈曲临界荷载的理论解,推导中考虑了椭圆截面连续变化的曲率,引入带有衰减系数的位移函数以反映外压作用下椭圆柱壳的变形特点,并利用里兹法求解外压椭圆柱壳的能量方程。由椭圆柱壳理论解退化求得的圆柱壳外压屈曲荷载与已有文献的经典解吻合良好,与有限元分析结果的比较进一步验证了该文理论解的准确性。基于理论解的参数分析表明:在外压作用下,椭圆柱壳具备比圆柱壳更优越的力学性能;椭圆柱壳的外压屈曲荷载随椭圆截面比的增大而增大,随壳体名义径厚比的减小而增大;椭圆柱壳的外压屈曲荷载随壳体长度的增大而降低,但当名义长径比大于1左右后,屈曲荷载基本保持不变。     

充液金属薄壁圆柱壳轴向压缩屈曲性能实验研究

本文报导了充液金属薄壁圆壳轴向压缩屈曲性能的探索性实验研究，实验表明，由于壳内封闭液体存在，相比内空的金属薄壁圆柱壳屈曲性能表现出极大差异，如临界载荷有所提高，特别是“下临界载荷”显著提高，屈曲模态呈对称形式，后屈曲过程一直保持在较高载荷水平等。     

一般边界条件下受轴向冲击圆柱壳的动力特性计算分析

在受轴向冲击圆柱壳的非冲击端引入轴向、周向、径向和径向旋转4个方向边界弹簧模拟一般边界条件。根据Love薄壳理论得到圆柱壳变形过程中的应力应变,并采用一种改进的Fourier级数方法表示圆柱壳沿坐标轴方向的位移。将应力应变以及位移代入圆柱壳的能量表达式,采用基于Hamilton方程的一阶变分法对能量表达式进行推导和变换,得到一般边界条件下受轴向冲击圆柱壳的自然频率以及动力屈曲临界载荷的判别式。计算分析了一般边界条件对受轴向冲击圆柱壳的自然频率和屈曲临界载荷的影响,以及不同边界条件圆柱壳屈曲模态的类型特点。结果表明：一般边界条件下自然频率随着冲击载荷增大而降低;随着轴向波数的增加圆柱壳自然频率及屈曲临界载荷增大,随着周向波数的增加屈曲临界载荷也增大;轴向、周向、径向和径向旋转各个方向边界刚度对圆柱壳自然频率和屈曲临界载荷的影响都是刚度系数越小,自然频率越低而临界载荷越大;圆柱壳受轴向冲击,边界条件的改变会影响屈曲模态。     

基于能量法研究刚性质量块轴向撞击圆柱壳的屈曲

基于能量法,考虑应力波效应,研究了刚性质量块撞击圆柱壳的屈曲问题。建立拉格朗日函数,将其和计算获得的符合边界条件的准试函数代入第二类拉格朗日方程,得到二阶线性偏微分方程,分析方程解的特性,得到刚性质量块撞击圆柱壳屈曲临界速度的解析表达式。算例分析讨论了临界长度、冲击质量、轴向模态数、环向模态数、径厚比对屈曲的影响。结果表明:应力波效应、初始冲击动能、径厚比对圆柱壳的动力屈曲有明显影响;高速冲击易激发屈曲的高阶模态、也容易在径厚比较小时激发圆柱壳的屈曲。     

受轴向冲击圆柱壳非对称屈曲分析

轴向冲击荷载作用下薄壁圆柱壳屈曲变形研究一直受人们关注,探讨其动态响应的特征和机理,不仅可以丰富冲击屈曲研究内容,而且为提高结构的抗冲击能力提供理论基础。众多实验现象表明,圆柱壳在轴向冲击荷载作用下非对称屈曲时截面为规则几何形状,且不只三角形一种模式,也不是随机现象,而具有一定规律性。文章对环向截面屈曲耗能计算进行理论推导,通过分析对比屈曲耗能与折叠边数、圆柱壳半径的关系,根据最小耗能原理,证实变形规律存在,并分析得到,随半径增加圆柱壳非对称屈曲由三角形模式向多边形模式发展,最终有转变为轴对称变形模式的可能。     

复合材料圆柱壳非轴对称动力屈曲

考虑应力波效应,通过Hamilton原理得到轴向阶跃荷载下复合材料圆柱壳非轴对称动力屈曲控制方程。根据圆柱壳周向连续性设出径向位移的周向函数形式,使用分离变量法得到应力波反射前复合材料圆柱壳动力屈曲临界荷载解析解及屈曲模态,将该结果与里兹法所得结果进行了对比,结果表明两种方法所得临界荷载差值等于转动惯性的影响项。用MATLAB软件编程分析了径厚比、铺层角度等因素对临界荷载的影响。结果表明转动惯性对圆柱壳动力屈曲临界荷载的影响可以忽略,环向模态数越大,临界荷载越大且对应的屈曲模态图越复杂。     

轴向阶梯载荷下薄圆柱壳的弹性动力屈曲

对于轴向阶梯载荷下圆柱壳的非轴对称动力屈曲,将临界应力和屈曲惯性指数作为双特征参数求解。由屈曲瞬间的能量转换和守恒准则导出压缩波阵面上的屈曲变形补充约束方程。利用Galerkin方法求解失稳控制方程,得出包含双特征参数的代数特征值问题。该特征值问题满足补充约束方程的解给出动力屈曲的临界应力和惯性指数。     

基于弹性基础梁理论的复合材料薄壁圆柱壳屈曲承载力模型

提出一种复合材料薄壁圆柱壳轴压局部屈曲承载力计算模型。在梁弯曲变形平截面假定和小变形假定的基础上,提出复合材料层合梁抗弯刚度的计算方法;根据轴压下圆柱壳的几何对称性及受力对称性,将圆柱壳局部屈曲问题转化为轴向和环向壳带的弯曲变形问题。依据薄壳稳定理论,建立弹性基础上纵向壳带局部屈曲模型,得到了复合材料圆柱壳屈曲承载力解析公式。理论计算公式与经验工程计算公式相比,具有形式上的相似性,且得到的计算系数可直接求出,而非经验范围选取。对三种铺层的复合材料薄壁圆柱壳进行了轴压试验,结合文献试验数据对比,试验结果与理论预测值基本一致,满足工程精度要求,验证了模型的正确性。     

夹芯圆柱壳稳定性优化

研究了在轴压载荷作用下圆柱壳结构的失稳模态和结构承载效率,分析了空心圆柱壳厚度对失稳模态和承载效率的影响,以及圆柱壳填充轻质芯体对提高承载效率的作用;研究了圆柱壳结构的基于参数化建模、稳定性分析以及承载效率优化设计的一体化方法,并基于商用软件PATRAN的PCL语言予以实现。针对特定夹芯圆柱壳结构的稳定性分析和优化表明,空心薄壁圆柱壳结构在轴压载荷作用下容易失稳,结构承载效率低。适当增加壳体厚度,不但提高抗屈曲能力,而且也提高了结构承载效率。但厚度增加到一定限度后,进一步增加壳体厚度会提高结构的失稳荷载,但承载效率下降。利用泡沫状材料填充薄壁圆柱壳结构可以提高圆柱壳的结构抗屈曲承载能力和承载效率。通过优化壳体壁厚和芯体材料的相对密度,可有效地提高结构的承载能力和承载效率。     

充液及内空圆柱壳在爆炸荷载下动力屈曲特性研究

采用实验与数值模拟相结合方法,对充液及内空圆柱壳在爆炸载荷下动力屈曲响应特性进行对比研究。将壁厚δ=2.0 mm、外径Φ=100 mm钢圆柱壳（内空及充水）置于75gTNT药柱、200gTNT药柱产生的爆炸场中进行冲击实验,获得不同工况下圆柱壳变形破坏模式。利用动力有限元程序LS-DYNA及Lagrangian-Eulerian流固耦合方法进行数值计算,分析壳壁屈曲变形过程及壳壁关键点速度、水介质内压力等动态参数。计算结果与实验结果一致性较好。研究表明,由于内充水介质的近似不可压缩性,承受冲击荷载时内压增大,因而参与对外界爆炸冲击载荷抗力作用,圆柱壳抗爆能力显著提高。     

Postbuckling of nanotube-reinforced composite cylindrical shells in thermal environments,Part I: Axially-loaded shells

A postbuckling analysis is presented for nanocomposite cylindrical shells reinforced by single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) subjected to axial compression in thermal environments. Two kinds of carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (CNTRC) shells, namely, uniformly distributed (UD) and functionally graded (FG) reinforcements, are considered. The material properties of FG-CNTRCs are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction, and are estimated through a micromechanical model. The governing equations are based on a higher order shear deformation theory with a von Kármán-type of kinematic nonlinearity. The thermal effects are also included and the material properties of CNTRCs are assumed to be temperature-dependent. A singular perturbation technique is employed to determine the buckling loads and postbuckling equilibrium paths. The numerical illustrations concern the postbuckling behavior of axially-loaded, perfect and imperfect, FG-CNTRC cylindrical shells under different sets of thermal environmental conditions. The results for UD-CNTRC shell, which is a special case in the present study, are compared with those of the FG-CNTRC shell. The results show that the linear functionally graded reinforcements can increase the buckling load as well as postbuckling strength of the shell under axial compression. The results reveal that the CNT volume fraction has a significant effect on the buckling load and postbuckling behavior of CNTRC shells.     

A mesh-free method for analysis of the thermal and mechanical buckling of functionally graded cylindrical shell panels

The buckling response of functionally graded ceramic-metal cylindrical shell panels under axial compression and thermal load is presented here. The formulation is based on the first-order shear deformation shell theory and element-free kp-Ritz method. The material properties of shell panels are assumed to vary through their thickness direction according to a power-law distribution of the volume fraction of constituents. Approximations of the displacement field are expressed in terms of a set of mesh-free kernel particle functions. A stabilized conforming nodal integration approach is employed to estimate the bending stiffness, and the shear and membrane terms are evaluated using a direct nodal integration technique to eliminate membrane and shear locking for very thin shells. The mechanical and thermal buckling responses of functionally graded shell panels are investigated, and the influences of the volume fraction exponent, boundary conditions, and temperature distribution on their buckling strengths are also examined.     

Postbuckling of pressure-loaded FGM hybrid cylindrical shells in thermal environments

A postbuckling analysis is presented for a functionally graded cylindrical shell with piezoelectric actuators subjected to lateral or hydrostatic pressure combined with electric loads in thermal environments. Heat conduction and temperature-dependent material properties are both taken into account. The temperature field considered is assumed to be a uniform distribution over the shell surface and varied in the thickness direction and the electric field considered only has non-zero-valued component E_Z. The material properties of functionally graded materials (FGMs) are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents, and the material properties of both FGM and piezoelectric layers are assumed to be temperature-dependent. The governing equations are based on a higher order shear deformation theory with a von Kármán–Donnell-type of kinematic nonlinearity. A boundary layer theory of shell buckling is extended to the case of FGM hybrid laminated cylindrical shells of finite length. A singular perturbation technique is employed to determine the buckling pressure and postbuckling equilibrium paths. The numerical illustrations concern the postbuckling behavior of pressure-loaded, perfect and imperfect, FGM cylindrical shells with fully covered piezoelectric actuators under different sets of thermal and electric loading conditions. The results reveal that temperature dependency, temperature change and volume fraction distribution have a significant effect on the buckling pressure and postbuckling behavior of FGM hybrid cylindrical shells. In contrast, the control voltage only has a very small effect on the buckling pressure and postbuckling behavior of FGM hybrid cylindrical shells.     

高轴压比、低剪跨比双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙拟静力试验研究

双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙可减小墙体厚度、提高承载力和延性,为研究双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙高轴压比下的抗震性能,完成了5个剪跨比为1.0的双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙试件的拟静力试验,研究了剪力墙在低周往复荷载作用下的受力性能和破坏模式等,分析了轴压比、距厚比等因素对抗震性能的影响。试验结果表明:低剪跨比试件发生弯剪破坏;墙体钢板在平均位移角1/83时发生局部屈曲,初始屈曲形态受距厚比影响显著;试件峰值荷载、位移延性系数、刚度等受轴压比、距厚比的影响较小;试件平均极限位移角达1/72、平均有效破坏位移角达1/52,具有良好的变形能力;距厚比增大,试件滞回性能稳定性降低;试件耗能随变形增大而迅速增长,抗震性能良好。建议低剪跨比双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙轴压比限值取0.7。     

复合材料圆柱壳的轴压屈曲失效试验

为了研究高径比大于1的复合材料圆柱壳的轴压屈曲性能及其失效模式,对2组单向纤维圆柱壳和3组外侧环裹环向纤维圆柱壳进行了轴压试验,观察了试件的受力过程和破坏形态,获得了荷载-位移曲线和荷载-应变曲线,利用有限元模型分析了单向纤维圆柱壳两种屈曲形式的破坏机制,对比分析了两种铺层试件的轴压性能。结果表明:单向纤维复合材料圆柱壳出现先纵向劈裂后板壳屈曲和先柱壳屈曲后纵向劈裂的两种破坏模式;外侧环向纤维可改善圆柱壳的轴压性能,屈曲发展有一定的阶段性并表现出延性特征,破坏形式和承载力均较为稳定。     

Vibration and buckling analysis of two-layered functionally graded cylindrical shell,considering the effects of transverse shear and rotary inertia

This research investigates the free vibration and buckling of a two-layered cylindrical shell made of inner functionally graded (FG) and outer isotropic elastic layer, subjected to combined static and periodic axial forces. Material properties of functionally graded cylindrical shell are considered as temperature dependent and graded in the thickness direction according to a power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. Theoretical formulations are presented based on two different methods of first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) considering the transverse shear strains and the rotary inertias and the classical shell theory (CST). The results obtained show that the transverse shear and rotary inertias have considerable effect on the fundamental frequency of the FG cylindrical shell. The results for nondimensional natural frequency are in a close agreement with those in literature. It is inferred from the results that the geometry parameters and material composition of the shell have significant effect on the critical axial force, so that the minimum critical load is obtained for fully metal shell. Good agreement between theoretical and finite element results validates the approach. It is concluded that the presence of an additional elastic layer significantly increases the nondimensional natural frequency, the buckling resistance and hence the elastic stability in axial compression with respect to a FG hollow cylinder.     

复合材料圆柱壳轴压屈曲性能分析

对完整复合材料圆柱壳轴向压缩性能进行了试验研究,得到了圆柱壳结构的破坏载荷和各测量点的载荷-应变曲线,通过分析得出结构的破坏形式为屈曲破坏。利用ANSYS有限元软件建立了模型,对复合材料圆柱壳进行屈曲分析,将有限元计算的结构变形和屈曲载荷与试验结果进行对比,计算结果与试验结果一致,验证了模型的有效性。利用建立的有限元模型,分析了开口尺寸和铺层角度对含矩形开口的复合材料圆柱壳屈曲载荷的影响。在开口处加装复合材料口盖对结构进行补强,补强后的柱壳结构满足强度设计要求。