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搅拌生物反应器的结构模型、放大及搅拌器改型 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
赵学明 《化学反应工程与工艺》1996,12(1):80-90
搅拌生物反应器(StirredBioreactor-SBR)是最重要的生物反应器,随着生物高新技术的发展,在医药、食品、化工及环境等领域对其提出了更高的要求。为此详细评述了最近10年在SBR的结构模型、放大及搅拌器改型方面的进展及存在的问题,特别强调了SBR性能研究的总体战略及具体的方法步骤。还就本学科发展的研究工作提出了建议。 相似文献
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黄原胶是一种微生物多糖,是通过黄单胞杆菌发酵获得的新型发酵产品,广泛应用于食品、石油、医药等多个行业。目前传质与混合成为除菌种自身生产能力限制外多糖发酵过程工业化的主要制约因素。利用150 L生物反应器的发酵数据,结合50 L反应器建立的传质与混合模型,进行360 m3工业规模的大型生物反应器的传质与混合计算,建立了大型发酵过程放大的搅拌设计方法。氧传质系数与单位体积功率、表观气速以及有效黏度进行关联,放大过程中氧传递速率还需要考虑静压对饱和溶氧的影响。在特定的黄原胶浓度,混合时间与单位体积功率关联,同时需要考虑高径比对混合的影响。成功进行了国内最大的360 m3工业规模黄原胶发酵过程的放大,达到了实验室的发酵水平。 相似文献
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液—固相釜式搅拌反应器的放大研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
为研究液-固相非均相反应,依据几何相似原则,建立了3级带搅拌的釜式冷模设备。研究了固体粒子在液体中的流动与分散情况;搅拌转数、挡板的设置及叶轮在釜中的插入深度对固体分散的影响。对数据关联得到了放大依据,在杀螟松生产中,进行了放大验证,取得了较好的效果 相似文献
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粘稠物系流变特性对螺带桨混合性能影响的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选用流变性质不同的三种物系:糖浆、CMC溶液、鲍格流体,在直径为0.286m的釜内,以不同结构的螺带桨进行搅拌,测定了功率、混合时间、速度分布和流型。分析了流变性质如粘度的剪切依赖性、弹性等对这些性能的影响,并在流型观测的基础上对功率、混合时间的变化规律作了解释。 相似文献
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针对高固含量木质纤维素同步糖化与发酵生产燃料乙醇过程,研究了螺带型搅拌槽内层流流动条件下少量低粘低密度液体(a)加入大量高粘高密度主体液体(b)中的混合性能,考察了转速、两种液体体积比(Va/Vb)、粘度比(mb/ma)、密度差等影响因素. 结果表明,当Va/Vb>1%时,异物性物系混合时间远高于相同物性液体混合时间,可延长2~5倍;Va/Vb对混合时间影响最显著,Va/Vb=0.2%~3.7%范围内,无量纲混合时间Ntm随体积比增大先降低后升高存在一最小值;当Va/Vb≥2%,单位主体液体密度之差Dr/rb>0.2时,Ntm随着Va/Vb, Dr/rb增加线性增大;Ntm随着mb/ma增大而减小;加入相加在主体液体内所得混合时间比加在液体表面时短;Va/Vb>2%时,混合工况可分为Re数控制区(桨叶控制)及Ri数控制区(重力控制). 相似文献
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清洁提钒工艺中,熟料的湿法浸出是重要的操作单元.浸出搅拌反应器的合理设计与优化,可缩短浸矿时间以及提高浸矿效率.本文通过改变搅拌桨桨叶间的层间距、搅拌桨的安装层数以及安装导流筒等方法,对攀钢集团公司的浸出搅拌反应器进行优化和改进;并结合计算流体动力学(CFD)Fluent商业软件,分别模拟了原浸出搅拌反应器和改进后浸出搅拌反应器的宏观流场结构.结果表明:在层间距C2为1100mm的原双层搅拌桨浸出搅拌反应器内,流体轴向速度较小,“死区”现象较严重;与原反应器相比,调整双层搅拌桨桨叶之间的层间距C2为1800mm以及安装3层搅拌桨或导流筒,都可加强反应器内流体的轴向流动,减小“死区”范围,进而改善流场结构的均匀分布,有助于强化流体混合. 相似文献
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搅拌釜的放大主要依靠实验或经验进行,目前已有的各种放大规律由于相似理论的出发点不同,缺乏统一的评价标准.采用CFD技术为统一的放大理论基础,针对4个几何相似的三桨叶搅拌釜,以完全混合所需要的时间T99相同为放大基准,对搅拌釜内的湍流场以及搅拌转速、单位容积消耗功率等随搅拌釜几何放大后的变化规律进行了研究.结果表明,采用CFD技术作为统一的放大理论基础,准确、可靠. 相似文献
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Paloma Manzanares Maria Jose Negro Jose Miguel Oliva Felicia Saéz Ignacio Ballesteros Mercedes Ballesteros Cristobal Cara Eulogio Castro Encarnacion Ruiz 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2011,86(6):881-887
BACKGROUND: In Mediterranean countries, olive tree pruning provides a widely available renewable agricultural residue with, currently, no industrial application. This residue could provide feedstock for the bioethanol industry. In the present study, olive tree pruning biomass pretreated with both ‘liquid hot water’ and ‘dilute‐sulfuric acid’ was tested as a substrate for ethanol production. Three different process configurations, separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), simultaneous saccharification, fermentation and prehydrolysis (PSSF), and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), were compared at different water‐insoluble solids concentrations. RESULTS: High ethanol concentration of about 3.7% (v/v) was obtained by separate hydrolysis and fermentation or prehydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of liquid hot water pretreated at 23% (w/w) substrate loading. CONCLUSION: The nature of the pretreated residue allows high substrate concentration (≥17% w/w) to be used in the enzymatic hydrolysis step. Substrate loading of 17% DM has been shown to provide a compromise between hydrolysis efficiency and glucose concentrations for the same enzyme/substrate ratio. Prehydrolysis prior to simultaneous saccharification and fermentation facilitated SSF performance at high substrate loading on liquid hot water pretreated olive pruning residue. This effect was not observed with dilute‐acid pretreated substrate. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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The paper reports the evaluation of potentials of acid (HCl and H2SO4) and enzymatically (cellulase) saccharified corncob, groundnut shell, sugarcane bagasse and wheat straw biopolymers for ethanol production. Of the three yeast isolates tested, Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus was found to be most efficient, closely followed by Kluyveromyces marxianus NCYC 179 in its ability to ferment enzymatically hydrolysed mash of all the substrates tested to ethanol. However, S. cerevisiae NCYC 240 and acid hydrolysed agricultural polymers were found to be a poor organism and poor substrates, respectively, for ethanol fermentation. The order of ethanol production on substrate basis was corncob > wheat straw > sugarcane bagasse > groundnut shell biomass biopolymer. An incubation period of 24 h was found optimum for the optimal production of ethanol by S. cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus in both acid and enzymatically hydrolysed agricultural residues. 相似文献
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Studies on simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of wheat bran flour, a grain milling residue as the substrate
using coculture method were carried out with strains of starch digesting Aspergillus niger and nonstarch digesting and sugar fermenting Kluyveromyces marxianus in batch fermentation. Experiments based on central composite design (CCD) were conducted to maximize the glucose yield and
to study the effects of substrate concentration, pH, temperature, and enzyme concentration on percentage conversion of wheat
bran flour starch to glucose by treatment with fungal α-amylase and the above parameters were optimized using response surface
methodology (RSM). The optimum values of substrate concentration, pH, temperature, and enzyme concentration were found to
be 200 g/L, 5.5, 65°C and 7.5 IU, respectively, in the starch saccharification step. The effects of pH, temperature and substrate
concentration on ethanol concentration, biomass and reducing sugar concentration were also investigated. The optimum temperature
and pH were found to be 30°C and 5.5, respectively. The wheat bran flour solution equivalent to 6% (w/V) initial starch concentration gave the highest ethanol concentration of 23.1 g/L after 48 h of fermentation at optimum conditions
of pH and temperature. The growth kinetics was modeled using Monod model and Logistic model and product formation kinetics
using Leudeking-Piret model. Simultaneous saccharificiation and fermentation of liquefied wheat bran starch to bioethanol
was studied using coculture of amylolytic fungus A. niger and nonamylolytic sugar fermenting K. marxianus. 相似文献
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以菌体最大摄氧率(OUR)max为基准进行发酵放大,考察了OUR与菌体产生量(x)之间的关系。得出在啤酒酵母、苏云金杆菌的发酵过程中,OUR与x密切相关,OUR增加,x增加;同时得出进出口流量改变对求得的OUR值差异影响很大,但不管以什么基准求OUR,x与所得OUR均成正比关系 相似文献
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Gerda H. Schoutens Ruud P. Guit Gerard J. Zieleman Karel Ch. A. M. Luyben Nico W. F. Kossen 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1986,36(12):565-576
Continuous fermentations using Clostridium spp. DSM 2152 immobilised in calcium alginate beads to produce butanol and isopropanol from glucose were carried out in a fluidised bed reactor with liquid recycle (FBR, 10.9 dm3 working volume, 41 % solids) and in a gas lift loop reactor (GLR, 11.4 dm3 working volume, 32% solids). In the FBR in-situ produced non-coalescing gas bubbles had a negligible influence on the fluidisation pattern and the steady state results of the fermentation were in accordance with those predicted by a reactor model. The FBR was operated reliably for 5 weeks without decrease of activity. The GLR behaved as a three phase reactor because of the recycled fermentation gas. The steady state fermentation results were as predicted by the GLR model. Scale up to a 50 m3 FBR and a 65 m3 GLR led to development of a plug flow with recycle model for the FBR and a stirred tank model for the GLR. On the basis of overall reactor performance and ease of integration with a simultaneous product recovery the FBR is preferred to the GLR for application in a large scale butanol/isopropanol process using immobilised Clostridia spp. 相似文献
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以聚天冬氨酸、聚环氧琥珀酸、葡萄糖酸钠以及增效剂为原料,制备了一种新型的缓蚀阻垢剂。采用挂片腐蚀和静态阻垢实验,研究了其缓蚀和阻垢性能,结果表明,该缓蚀阻垢剂的质量浓度为100 mg/L时,缓蚀率可达89.04%,具有良好的缓蚀性能,其阻垢效果均明显优于油田常用缓蚀阻垢剂。 相似文献