螺带浆叶节距对搅拌槽内流动和混合的影响

用示踪粒子法测定了不同节距的螺带浆叶搅拌槽内的速度分布,并与用液晶显示法观察到的混合情况和测定的混合速度作了比较。结果表明:搅拌槽内的混合速度不只决定于槽内轴向循环的强弱,而主要决定于槽内的流动模型,即决定于在浆叶和槽壁间强剪切区内已混合好的流体如何均匀分布到整个搅拌槽的速度。螺带浆叶的节距对槽内流动模型有影响,因而也影响到混合速度。     

搅拌反应器内多层桨作用下的气泡大小分布的放大规律研究

在三个体积不同的搅拌槽中,用光电毛细管探头法测定了二层桨作用条件下的气泡大小分布,结果表明:搅拌槽底层和顶层桨所对应的作用区域内的气泡大小分布之间无显著差异;搅拌槽内的气泡平均直径在几何相似,单位体积功率和表观气速均保持不变的放大过程中有增大的趋势。     

螺带型搅拌槽内异物性液体的混合性能

针对高固含量木质纤维素同步糖化与发酵生产燃料乙醇过程,研究了螺带型搅拌槽内层流流动条件下少量低粘低密度液体(a)加入大量高粘高密度主体液体(b)中的混合性能,考察了转速、两种液体体积比(Va/Vb)、粘度比(mb/ma)、密度差等影响因素. 结果表明,当Va/Vb>1%时,异物性物系混合时间远高于相同物性液体混合时间,可延长2~5倍;Va/Vb对混合时间影响最显著,Va/Vb=0.2%~3.7%范围内,无量纲混合时间Ntm随体积比增大先降低后升高存在一最小值;当Va/Vb≥2%,单位主体液体密度之差Dr/rb>0.2时,Ntm随着Va/Vb, Dr/rb增加线性增大;Ntm随着mb/ma增大而减小;加入相加在主体液体内所得混合时间比加在液体表面时短;Va/Vb>2%时,混合工况可分为Re数控制区(桨叶控制)及Ri数控制区(重力控制).     

带导流板的自吸式搅拌槽内流动场的数值模拟

对一带导流板的自吸式搅拌槽进行了数值模拟,研究搅拌转速、桨叶高度、叶片数目对搅拌槽内流动场的影响.结果表明,随着搅拌转速的均匀增大,搅拌槽内流体速度均匀度增大,搅拌轴功率也逐步增大;随着桨叶高度的逐渐增大,搅拌功率先降低再增加;桨叶安装高度为150 mm,搅拌混合效果较好;随着桨叶数目的增多,搅拌槽内的流体速度分布更加...     

刚柔组合桨强化粉煤灰酸浸搅拌槽内固液混沌混合

传统粉煤灰提铝工艺中酸浸搅拌槽均采用刚性搅拌桨。因刚性桨卷吸能力有限,导致固体颗粒易沉槽、流体混沌混合效率低。提出刚柔组合桨强化酸浸搅拌槽中固液混沌混合行为。实验基于固含率为30%的粉煤灰-自来水体系,研究了刚柔组合酸浸搅拌槽内混沌混合特性及能量耗散规律。采用扭矩传感器采集扭矩时间序列信号,借助Matlab软件编译计算混合过程中最大Lyapunov指数和多尺度熵等混沌特性参数,以单位体积功耗表征搅拌反应器的功率特性。实验考察了搅拌桨安装离底高度、柔性片长度、柔性片宽度等因素对酸浸槽内粉煤灰混沌混合的影响,对比了刚性桨与刚柔组合桨体系的能耗差异。研究结果表明:刚柔组合桨通过柔性片的作用,能增大搅拌桨的卷吸力,进而减少固体颗粒沉槽现象,促进全槽混沌混合;在最优化条件(120 r/min,搅拌桨安装离底高度为T/4,柔性片长度为1.2H1、柔性片宽度为D/8)下,体系最大Lyapunov指数达到最大值0.0645,各尺度下的MSE均比其他条件更大,表明刚柔组合桨能够通过柔性片的多体运动,强化体系混沌混合,均化体系能量分布;刚性桨与刚柔组合桨的单位体积功耗随着转速的增加呈现指数规律增长。     

组合桨搅拌槽内高黏流体混合特性的数值模拟

利用计算流体力学数值模拟方法,对直段桨为双螺带式和Paravisc式以及底桨为锚式和变径双螺带式的组合桨功率和混合时间进行了研究,并对其中最优桨型进行了放大规律的探索。通过数值模拟得到了4种组合桨中各单桨及组合桨的功率准数关联式,提出组合桨中各桨之间功率上的反作用关系。在10种组合桨中,Paravisc-锚式组合桨达到完全混合时所转圈数最少,且在相同转速下量纲一剪切量较大,混合特性最优,将其从体积为100 L的搅拌槽内放大至200 L和500 L搅拌槽中,发现其符合桨端线速度的放大准则。文中对各桨型的功率特性、混合特性和放大规律的分析,可为工业设计和优化高黏度流体组合桨参数提供重要参考。     

涡轮桨直径对锥盘底搅拌槽固液混合特性影响

利用CFD技术对锥盘底搅拌槽内的固液两相流混合浓度场进行数值模拟研究,考察了45°圆盘涡轮式搅拌桨直径d对固液混合时间数,单位体积混合能,浓度标准差,湍动能和湍动耗散率,和固相离底悬浮临界转速的影响。研究表明:随着搅拌桨直径的增大,搅拌槽内的流体由轴向流转变为径向流的流型转变高度逐渐减小。桨径比d/D大于0.3时,混合时间数显著减小;d/D小于0.4时,单位体积混合能较小;d/D达到1/3时,单位体积混合能最小。浓度标准差随搅拌桨直径的变化波动较小。d/D小于0.4时,湍动耗散率的增长率较低;d/D大于0.3时,固相离底悬浮临界转速显著减小。从提高混合效率和降低能耗的综合角度考虑,桨径比d/D应控制在0.3—0.4之间。     

刚柔组合桨强化粉煤灰酸浸搅拌槽内固液混沌混合

传统粉煤灰提铝工艺中酸浸搅拌槽均采用刚性搅拌桨。因刚性桨卷吸能力有限，导致固体颗粒易沉槽、流体混沌混合效率低。提出刚柔组合桨强化酸浸搅拌槽中固液混沌混合行为。实验基于固含率为30%的粉煤灰-自来水体系，研究了刚柔组合酸浸搅拌槽内混沌混合特性及能量耗散规律。采用扭矩传感器采集扭矩时间序列信号，借助Matlab软件编译计算混合过程中最大Lyapunov指数和多尺度熵等混沌特性参数，以单位体积功耗表征搅拌反应器的功率特性。实验考察了搅拌桨安装离底高度、柔性片长度、柔性片宽度等因素对酸浸槽内粉煤灰混沌混合的影响，对比了刚性桨与刚柔组合桨体系的能耗差异。研究结果表明：刚柔组合桨通过柔性片的作用，能增大搅拌桨的卷吸力，进而减少固体颗粒沉槽现象，促进全槽混沌混合；在最优化条件（120 r/min，搅拌桨安装离底高度为T/4，柔性片长度为1.2H ₁、柔性片宽度为D/8）下，体系最大Lyapunov指数达到最大值0.0645，各尺度下的MSE均比其他条件更大，表明刚柔组合桨能够通过柔性片的多体运动，强化体系混沌混合，均化体系能量分布；刚性桨与刚柔组合桨的单位体积功耗随着转速的增加呈现指数规律增长。     

搅拌槽内异粘物系的混合性能 （Ⅱ）高粘物系,螺带—螺旋桨

1 前言不同粘度的互溶液体混合在化学工业等部门并不少见.处理不当往往影响产品质量。已有文献指出,异粘混合比等粘混合所需时间更长,并且混合形式与规律还因条件而各异。综合已有的少数研究者的工作,可以看出,混合机理及混合过程的揭示尚不充分;影响因素的变化范围较小;采用螺带—螺旋桨的研究结果也未有发表。本文在较宽的粘度比和体积比范围内,采用螺带—螺旋桨搅拌器(HRS),测定了牛顿流体与剪切稀化流体以及弹性流体的混合时间与搅拌功率。并分析了各类影响因素及其相互     

搅拌槽内具滑移特性非牛顿流体的搅拌功率及混合特性研究

在直径为0.48m的搅拌槽内考察了包括CBY、45°斜叶桨及螺带在内的五种搅拌桨对三种不同流变特性的具有滑移现象的非牛顿高黏流体混合效果的影响。首先采用HAAKERS150流变仪对三种流体的流变特性进行测定和表征,比较各种桨型在液位与槽径比H/T为0.28～0.52内的混合效果,得出不同流体中适宜的搅拌桨型及桨型适宜的混合液位范围。结果表明,在具有滑移特性的流体中各种桨型的Metzner常数通常高于经验数值;螺带桨在很宽的表观黏度范围及较宽的雷诺数范围下均表现出较好的混合效果,而CBY及45°斜叶桨型只适用于流体表观黏度较小而雷诺数相对较高的情形。在液位最低时,流体的混合时间和混合能并非最低,各种桨型的最佳操作液位在槽径的0.35～0.43倍内。     

螺带型叶轮搅拌槽内流场分析与计算

采用粒子图像测速与数值计算方法研究了螺带桨流场,选用11种几何结构桨型及5种流变性质的流体(0.3≤n≤1),考察了层流流动(Re<100)状态下,桨叶结构、转速及流体假塑性对流型、速度分布及剪切速率分布的影响. 计算表明,核心区无量纲旋转角速度(a)随桨叶直径及螺距增大而减小,其值约在0.48~0.89;无量纲切向、轴向及径向速度分别约为0.44~0.47, 0.06~0.09及0.04,且前两者随螺距的增大分别呈线性减小及增大. a随流体粘度降低及假塑性增强而减小,非牛顿流体的流速小于牛顿流体;剪切速率随桨叶直径增大及流体假塑性增强而增大.     

Power consumption and mass transfer in agitated gas-liquid columns: A comparative study

Power consumption, gas holdup and oxygen mass transfer in agitated gas-liquid columns have been studied for an air-water system. Measurements have been carried out in a reciprocating plate reactor using five different types of perforated plates and in a stirred tank reactor with one, two and three Rushton turbines, a helical ribbon impeller with and without surface baffles. Each mixing vessel had an identical geometry with a working volume of 17 L. For reciprocating plate stacks, the gas holdup is a complex function of the perforation diameter, the frequency of agitation and the gas superficial velocity. For radial-type mixing devices, the gas holdup increases more rapidly with the speed of rotation for the helical ribbon. The power imparted to the fluid by the mixing device is independent of the gas superficial velocity for the plate stacks and the helical ribbon impeller for a given frequency or speed of agitation whereas it decreases for Rushton turbines. The correlation of the power consumption obtained for all mixing devices plotted against the reciprocating frequency or speed of rotation to the third power shows a linear fit. K_La values were correlated very well with the power input per unit volume and superficial gas velocity for all mixing devices. At lower power input per unit volume, K_La is a function of only the gas superficial velocity. At higher input power per unit volume, K_La increases rapidly with an increase in the intensity of agitation. Reciprocating plates with larger diameter perforations led to higher K_La values whereas the lowest K_La were obtained with the helical ribbon impeller. Correlations for one and three Rushton impeller assemblies were almost identical whereas measured K_La were much higher for the two-impeller assembly due to the presence of a highly mixed zone in the vicinity of the dissolved oxygen probe.     

泛能式搅拌桨搅拌特性研究

在直径为 2 4 0mm的搅拌釜内 ,考察了泛能式搅拌桨的功率、传热特性 ,混合实验在直径为 386mm的搅拌釜中进行。在层流域内 ,建立了功率准数Np 与桨几何尺寸及雷诺准数Re的关联式 ;得到了努塞尔准数Nu与桨几何尺寸、雷诺准数Re、普朗特准数Pr以及体系粘度的关系 ,并采用单位质量流体表示的雷诺准数εD4/ν3 取代雷诺准数关联 ,误差均在 10 %以内。在中低粘度区内相同功耗下 ,泛能式桨的传热系数明显高于螺带桨。当Re >3时 ,泛能式桨的混合效率比双螺带桨要高。     

环流反应器和搅拌槽传质特性的分析

本文测定了提升管为单段和提升管分为三段的气升式环流反应器中的液相体积氧传质系数，在螺带式搅拌桨区应器中测定了液相体积氧传质系数和功率消耗，实验体系为模拟生物发酵液非牛顿流体特性的核甲基纤维素水溶液，本文还从液相体积氧传质系数及单位液相体积的功耗所产生的氧传质效果方面对提升管不分段和提升管分为三段的气升式环流反应器与螺带式搅拌反应器进行了比较。     

Power demand and mixing performance of coaxial mixers in a stirred tank with CMC solution

Experimental investigation was carried out in an el iptical based stirred tank with a diameter of 0.48 m to explore the power demand and mixing performance of coaxial mixers. Syrup and CMC solution (sodium carboxy methyl cellulose) were used as the Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, respectively. Four different coaxial mixers were combined with either CBY or Pfaudler impeller as the inner one, and anchor or helical ribbon (HR) as the outer one. Results show that Pfaudler-HR is the optimized combination among four coaxial mixers in this work, which provides the shortest mixing time given the same power consumption. Compared with the syrup solution, the increase of power input can make the mixing time decreasing more obviously in the CMC solution. The quantitative correlations for both syrup and CMC solutions were established to calculate the power draw and the mixing time of four coaxial mixers.     

组合螺带桨搅拌槽内粉体的混合性能

在直径0.48 m的立式搅拌槽内研究了4种组合式螺带搅拌桨的粉体混合性能,考察了搅拌转速、粉体物料装填高度和搅拌桨型对粉体混合性能的影响,分析了径向与轴向上的粉体混合情况. 结果表明,搅拌转速是影响粉体混合的重要因素,增加搅拌转速能明显缩短混合时间,转速44.0 r/min时的混合因子π3比转速8.7及26.5 r/min时下降50%及30%以上;在搅拌桨内部附加较小的内桨使功率略有增加,但可显著缩短混合时间,转速44.0 r/min时能使π3下降50%,提高混合效率.     

Assessment of Mixing Performance and Power Consumption of a Novel Polymerization Reactor System

A melt‐phase polymerization reactor with the novel geometry of two helical solid‐tube impellers rotating within a tank, consisting of two intersecting cylinders, was designed and constructed. In order to evaluate the performance of the system, mixing times and power consumption were measured using a viscous Newtonian model fluid (glucose syrup) in place of the polymer melt. The mixing regime was laminar in all runs. The mixing time at various impeller speeds was estimated by injection of a tracer dye (crystal violet), followed by fluid sampling and visible spectrophotometric analysis. A dimensionless mixing time of k_m = 104 ± 36 was obtained. The power draw required to move each impeller through the fluid at various impeller speeds was measured, and a power constant of k_p = 1156 ± 70 was obtained. The system appeared to outperform the conventional single helical ribbon impeller in terms of mixing time, but was less energy‐efficient, as indicated by the larger power constant. The power constant value lies between values previously reported in the literature for conventional helical impellers and values reported for other types of polymerization reactors with different geometries.     

Hydrodynamics Characterization of an Ellipse Gate Impeller by Experimental and Numerical Studies

Hydrodynamics characteristics like flow pattern, shear rate distribution, power consumption, axial pumping capacity, mixing time, and mixing efficiency of an ellipse gate (EG) impeller were investigated by experimental and numerical methods. The numerical simulation results were validated by experimental data of power consumption and mixing time. Results indicate that the axial pumping number of the EG impeller is larger than that of any other reported large‐scale impeller under laminar regime, and that the shear rate formed by this impeller is less sensitive to Reynolds numbers. In‐depth analysis reveals the different function of each part of the EG impeller under different flow regimes. This impeller provides an almost similar mixing efficiency like the double‐helical ribbon impeller under laminar regime, but much higher mixing efficiency both under transitional and turbulent flow regimes.     

Predicting Power for a Scaled‐up Non‐Newtonian Biomass Slurry

High‐solids biomass slurries exhibit non‐Newtonian behavior with a yield stress and require high power input for mixing. The goals were to determine the effect of scale and geometry on power number P₀, and estimate the power for mixing a pretreated biomass slurry in a 3.8 million L hydrolysis reactor of conventional design. A lab‐scale computational fluid dynamics model was validated against experimental data and then scaled up. A pitched‐blade turbine and A310 hydrofoil were tested for various geometric arrangements. Flow was transitional; laminar and turbulence models resulted in equivalent P₀ which increased with scale. The ratio of impeller diameter to tank diameter affected P₀ for both impellers, but impeller clearance to tank diameter affected P₀ only for the A310. At least 2 MW is required to operate at this scale.