LiCoO2改性LiMn2O4的结构及性能

采用固相反应法制备了尘晶石型LiMn2O4及改性LiMn2O4.利用XRD和SEM对合成产物的结构进行表征,并测试了它们的电化学性能.结果表明:用LiCoO2改性后的复合产物保持了尖晶石主体结构,随着liCoO2量的增加,Mn-O键增强,晶胞参数减小,产物的结构性能较好.以合成的改性产物为正极材料,MCMB为负极材料,组装的063048型锂离子电池循环300次后,容量保持率在80%以上.     

LiMn2O4/LiCoO2共混对锂离子电池性能的影响

将LiMn2O4和LiCoO2在强力混合机中混合均匀,获得均匀的共混正极材料。通过电化学测试研究了LiMn2O4/LiCoO2两种电极材料混合比例对锂离子电池循环性能的影响,并比较了LiMn2O4与LiCoO2混合前后在常温和高温环境下循环性能的差异。实验结果表明:在LiMn2O4与LiCoO2共混后制得的锂离子电池在常温和高温环境下都具有良好的循环性能。     

LiCoO_2-LiMn_2O_4混合正极的过充电性能

用恒流充放电、EIS、SEM和XRD等方法,研究了锂离子电池用LiCoO2-LiMn2O4混合正极的过充电及安全性能.m(LiCoO2)∶m(LiMn2O4)=3∶2时的协同效应最好,以0.2 C在4.3～2.7 V充放电,首次放电比容量为136.9 mAh/g,为理论值的89.6%;4.8 V过充循环5次后,混合材料的容量保持率为92.34%,结构稳定.     

锂离子蓄电池正极材料LiMn2O4--包覆LiCoO2对LiMn2O4循环性能的影响

将LiMn2O4置于LiAc和CoAc2的混合溶液中,缓慢蒸干溶液,煅烧后获得了包覆LiCoO2的LiMn2O4材料。通过电化学测试研究了钴的包覆量、煅烧温度、煅烧时间对包覆LiCoO2的LiMn2O4材料循环性能的影响,并比较了包覆Li CoO2前后,LiMn2O4材料分别在常温和高温环境下循环性能的差异。实验结果表明,在LiMn2O4的表面包覆LiCoO2,可以使LiMn2O4在常温和高温环境下获得良好的循环性能。     

LiMn2O4改性材料的性能研究

利用高温固相反应,制备出由含Al化合物、LiF改性的锂锰氧化物.对材料进行了XRD分析及电化学测试,结果表明:改性材料保持了尖晶石结构;由Al3 、F-共同改性材料的高温循环性能得到改善,改性前的LiMn2O4,在50℃下10次循环后,容量衰减率为24.4%,而由Al2(C2O4)3与LiF改性的材料则为6.2%.     

用废旧锂离子电池回收的钴制备LiCoO2

用废旧锂离子电池回收的钴,通过草酸铵[(NH4)2C2O4]沉淀-固相法制备钴酸锂(LiCoO2),考察了(NH2)2C2O4用量、沉淀反应温度及时间等的影响,最优条件为:n(C2O42-):n(Co2+)=1.15:1.00,在40～50℃下沉淀10 min,相应的钴回收率为99.2%.将CoC2O4和过量5%的Li...     

LiCoO2改性LiMn2-xCrxO4的结构与性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了LiCoO2包覆改性的尖晶石型LiMn2-xCrxO4(x=0,0.05,0.1)正极材料.XRD表征改性材料均具有良好的尖晶石型结构;扫描电子显微镜(SEM)显示改性样品具有更好的颗粒分散度和表面形貌;充放电表明改性样品的循环性能均具有不同程度的提高,其中样品5%LiCoO2-LiMn1.95Cr0.05O4与未改性或仅掺杂Cr的材料相比较,更好地抑制了可逆容量在循环充放电中的衰减,50次循环充放电容量(122.3～112.4 mAh/g)仍保持在91.9%以上.循环伏安和电化学阻抗测试也表明该材料具有良好的充放电可逆性和较小的阻抗.     

LiMn2O4的容量衰减机理和结构稳定方法

综述了近年来在尖晶石锂锰氧化物的容量衰减机理和结构稳定性方面的研究进展。研究表明：电解液的分解、John-Teller效应、Mn在电解液中的溶出是LiMn2O4容量衰减的主要原因。介绍了提高尖晶石LiMn2O4结构稳定性的方法,其中最有效的方法是在LiMn2O4中掺入Co、Cr、Ni、Cu、Al、F等元素和在LiMn2O4表面包覆LiCoO2,B2O3,Al2O3,SiO2等。     

尖晶石LiMn2O4高温电化学性能研究

利用高温固相反应合成了锂离子蓄电池正极材料尖晶石LiMn2 O4 ,研究了在高温 5 5℃下LiMn2 O4 循环容量的衰减和贮存后电化学性能的变化。与常温下相比较 ,5 5℃下尖晶石的容量衰减显著加快 ,贮存后的LiMn2 O4 循环性能变差。改变合成工艺条件如合成温度、n(Li)∶n(Mn)比 ,LiMn2 O4 的高温电化学性能有所改善 ,掺杂金属Co元素合成尖晶石掺Co化合物也能够提高LiMn2 O4 在高温下的循环性能 ,通过测量LiMn2 O4 在高温下电解液中的溶解 ,分析了容量衰减的机理。     

磁控溅射在锂离子电池正极中应用的进展

综述了磁控溅射技术应用于薄膜锂离子电池正极材料制备与掺杂改性的研究进展.分别讨论了LiCoO2、V2O5、LiMn2O4、LiNiO2及其掺杂物等薄膜正极的制备与改性及所得电极材料的电化学性能,并对研究方向做了简单的评述.     

氢氧等离子体合成过氧化氢过程的能效研究

为提高氢氧等离子体合成H2O2技术的能量效率,通过分析放电过程的反应器能效及电源能量注入效率,确定了影响合成总能效的主要因素。考察了反应器电极间距、电源放电频率及注入功率对反应器能效和电源能量注入效率的影响。发现减小电极间距、提高放电频率和注入功率有利于提高反应器能效,但不利于提高电源能量注入效率。本研究中可以得到150 gH2O2/kWh的反应器能效,但由于较低的电源能量注入效率,致使合成H2O2的总能效不超过9 gH2O2/kWh。因此,提高等离子体法合成H2O2过程的总能效,不仅需要设计高能效的等离子体反应器,还需为反应器负载开发适配的电源,而后者是提升该技术能量效率的关键。     

Electron-Ion Transport in ZrO2-Y2O3-CeO2 Ceramics

Simultaneous conduction of oxide ions and electrons in solid ceramic systems provides the capability for oxygen transport under a concentration gradient without the need for an externally applied electric field. In the present study, ionic transference numbers have been measured in the ZrO₂-5.8%Y₂O₃-10%CeO₂ system by open circuit Emf measurements involving different metal/metal oxide electrodes. In order to correlate the ionic transference number with grain size, high-density ceramic discs of different grain sizes (50 nm–5 m) were prepared by sintering pressed powders at various temperatures and times. Hydrothermal synthesis was used to prepare nanocrystalline powders of the above material with uniform crystallite size (10 nm) and chemistry. Emf measurements on the samples suggested both ionic and electronic transport, the ionic transference number decreasing with increase in the grain size. This observation was attributed to an increase in the amount of continuous crystalline grain boundary phase in the ceramics as the grain size increased. The presence of crystalline silicate and zirconate phases in the grain boundary region was confirmed by electron microscopic imaging combined with microanalysis. In the large grain (5 m) ceramics, the ionic transference number decreased linearly with temperature. As the grain size decreased, a maximum occurred in the ionic transference number vs. temperature curve. This maximum became more pronounced at smaller grain sizes. Better grain-grain contact and the doping effect of trivalent Ce in the grain boundary core are proposed to explain this observation.     

RuO_2-IrO_2-TiO_2析氧催化剂的制备工艺

以Ti N、RuCl3和H2IrCl6为原料,用真空浸渍-热分解法制备了RuO2-IrO2-Ti O2,研究了煅烧温度和n(Ru+Ir)∶n(Ti)对产物的影响。XRD分析表明:Ti N在高温煅烧时氧化生成金红石型Ti O2,RuO2、IrO2和Ti O2以固溶体的形式存在。CV、阳极极化曲线和EIS测试表明:RuO2-IrO2-Ti O2的最佳煅烧温度为400℃,随着n(Ru+Ir)∶n(Ti)的提高,催化剂的活性增强;在相同电位下,RuO2-IrO2-Ti O2的电流密度大于IrO2,可用作固体聚合物电解质(SPE)水电解催化剂。     

富氧火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铅钙锡合金中的锡

采用富氧火焰 (Air—C2 H2 —O2 )原子吸收光谱法直接测定铅钙锡合金中 0 1%以上的锡。对仪器工作条件、测定体系酸度、共存离子干扰等作了研究。方法准确度高 ,结果重现性好     

Thermoelectricity of p-Fe2O3-SO3-SiO2-others and n-Fe2O3-SiO2-CuO-others

Thermoelectric minerals have been found at Loei Province, in the northeastern part of Thailand. Local mineral specimens were prepared in the powders and bulk solids form by crushing, calcination and annealing, pressure and sintering, cutting and polishing. Mineral samples were used to analyze the composition and phase, determine the thermoelectric property and efficiency, design and construct a thermoelectric generator. Chemical composition and phase identification of powder samples were analyzed by the x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and x-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. XRF and XRD results indicated that the mineral samples comprised the SO₃-CaO-SiO₂-others, Fe₂O₃-SO₃-SiO₂-others, Fe₂O₃-SiO₂-others and Fe₂O₃-SiO₂-CuO-others. From the thermoelectric property and efficiency determinations, the p-SO₃-CaO-SiO₂-others, p-Fe₂O₃-SO₃-SiO₂-others, n-Fe₂O₃-SiO₂-others and n-Fe₂O₃-SiO₂-CuO-others bulks were found to exhibit the thermoelectric figure of merit in orders of 10^?14, 10^?11, 10^?14 and 10^?13 K^?1, respectively. A fabricated thermoelectric generator made from ten pairs of p-Fe₂O₃-SO₃-SiO₂-others and n-Fe₂O₃-SiO₂-CuO-others legs that can be provided the open circuit voltage and short circuit current up to 48.30 mV and 0.14 μA for a temperature difference of 39.80 K at room temperature, respectively. While the internal resistance decreased and reached a value of 665 kΩ.     

Mixed Hydroxide Precursors for La2Ti2O7 and Nd2Ti2O7 by Homogeneous Precipitation

Feasibility of formation of stoichiometric precursors of either M₂ (TiO)₂(C₂O₄)₅ 4H₂O (M = La and Nd) or coprecipitated hydroxides of M(OH)₃+TiO(OH)₂ was investigated by two solution routes at different pH values. Composition of precipitates obtained at pH = 7.0 by coprecipitation method starting from La or Nd nitrates and potassium titanyl oxalate corresponded to a physical mixture of La or Nd(C₂O₄)₃ 9.5H₂O and TiO(OH)₂7·H₂O which on thermal decomposition did not yield phase pure M₂Ti₂O₇. However, precipitation from La or Nd nitrates and titanium tertrachloride by urea hydrolysis yielded homogeneous mixture of hydroxides of La or Nd and Ti, which on pyrolysis at 950°C yielded phase pure La₂Ti₂O₇ and Nd₂Ti₂O₇. Use of potassium titanyl oxalate as precursor for Ti, led to selective precipitation of La or Nd oxalate even at pH as low as 0.1 leading to sequential precipitation of La or Nd oxalate followed by Ti hydroxide at pH = 3.0. The resultant precipitate on pyrolysis underwent typical solid-state reaction.     

Dielectric and Piezoelectric Properties of Nonstoichiometric SrBi2Ta2O9 and SrBi2Nb2O9 Ceramics

Nonstoichiometric SrBi₂Ta₂O₉ (SBT) and SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN) ceramics were prepared by a solid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that single-phase of Bi-layered perovskite was obtained. With different Sr/Bi content ratios of SBT and SBN, Curie temperature (T_C), electromechanical factor (K_p) and mechanical quality factor (Q_m) were measured. T_C of SBN (SBT) rose from 414C (314C) to 494C (426C) when Sr/Bi content ratio was increased from 0.55/2.3 to 1.2/1.8. In the most Sr-deficient/Bi-excess ratio of 0.55/2.3, the maximum values of Q_m were obtained approximately 1013 and 3325 for SBT and SBN, respectively.     

利用非平衡等离子体方法将CO2还原成CO的研究

CO2和H2合成CO是CO2化学利用的重要过程,然而,传统的催化转化难以实现高效转化。在室温和大气压下,通过非平衡等离子体对H2和CO2的活化作用,考察了等离子体反应器结构、极间距、放电功率和氢碳比等对CO2转化率、CO选择性和CO2转化的能量效率影响。实验结果表明,在室温和大气压下,用等离子体法可将CO2高效的还原为CO,适当调节上述各参数可提高CO2的转化率。采用管管式等离子体反应器,在放电频率为10kHz、H2与CO2体积进料比为2:1、放电功率为80W、CO2气体体积流量为120mL/min的条件下,CO2转化率为88.2%,CO选择性为100%。     

AgSnO2-Bi2Sn2O7触头材料制备及应用

采用雾化工艺制备含有多种添加元素的AgSnBi合金粉。合金粉氧化后经过扩散处理、压制、烧结、挤压、轧制或拉丝得到AgSnO2_Bi2Sn2O7系列银复合氧化锡材料。丝材加工制作成铆钉触头,在ZWP-1型电性能模拟试验机上与AgNi(10)、AgCdO(12)进行直流、灯负载条件模拟电寿命对比试验。结果表明,银复合氧化锡材料、AgNi(10)、AgCdO(12)的电寿命分别为132358～148153次、15930～17300次、6054～8038次。将银复合氧化锡材料装在商用开关上进行电性能型式试验,常规操作寿命试验和荧光灯负载开关试验后端子的最高温升分别为42.5K和17.1K。