天然牛磺酸对急性抑郁模型小鼠的干预作用

以天然牛磺酸为试验材料,通过建立2种急性抑郁动物模型,研究牛磺酸对抑郁模型动物的干预效果。以ICR小鼠为实验动物,设牛磺酸低(0.5 g/kg bw)、中(1 g/kg bw)、高(2 g/kg bw)剂量组,同时设溶剂对照组、模型对照和阳性(氟西汀)对照组。通过建立行为绝望动物模型,探讨天然牛磺酸对行为绝望小鼠的干预效果;通过行为学、血清和脑组织中相关生化指标,分析牛磺酸对利血平诱导的急性抑郁的干预机制。结果表明:牛磺酸中、高剂量组可显著改善行为绝望小鼠的抑郁样行为,并缓解利血平诱导的小鼠眼睑下垂,同时升高抑郁小鼠脑组织五羟色胺、去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺水平,降低单胺氧化酶活性,提高脑源性神经营养因子含量,降低促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子、促肾上腺皮质激素、皮质醇水平,改善相关生化指标。研究表明:牛磺酸对行为绝望模型和利血平诱导抑郁模型均具有干预抑郁的作用,作用机制可能与增加单胺类神经递质,参与调节肾上腺功能的紊乱有关。     

牛磺酸对抑郁症模型小鼠的预防性干预作用

目的:研究牛磺酸对抑郁的干预作用。方法:采用行为绝望和利血平诱导的急性抑郁症两种小鼠模型。将模型小鼠随机分成6组:阴性对照组、模型对照组、氟西汀对照组、3个牛磺酸剂量组(0.5、1、2 g/kg mb),每组10只。通过悬尾实验、强迫游泳实验、旷场实验建立的行为绝望小鼠模型进行研究,研究牛磺酸对小鼠到达行为绝望时间的影响;通过分析眼睑下垂、肛温、出圈率等行为学指标,血清中促肾上腺皮质激素(adreno-corticotropic hormone,ACTH)、脑源性神经营养因子(brainderivedneurotrophicfactor,BDNF)、皮质醇(cortisol,COR),脑组织中5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine,NE)、多巴胺(dopamine,DA)、单胺氧化酶(monoamine oxidase,MAO)、促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(corticotropinreleasing factor,CRF)等生化指标,研究牛磺酸对急性抑郁的干预作用。结果:牛磺酸显著性缩短了行为绝望模型小鼠悬尾不动时间(...     

茶氨酸联合γ-氨基丁酸改善CUMS大鼠抑郁症状的研究

目的:观察L-茶氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)联合干预对慢性不可预知温和刺激(CUMS)模型大鼠抑郁症状的缓解作用。方法:采用CUMS法建立抑郁症大鼠模型,不同剂量L-茶氨酸和GABA混合物或西酞普兰连续灌胃45 d,期间持续CUMS刺激。另设对照组,常规饲养。监测大鼠体重变化、糖水偏好程度、以及旷场实验水平运动、垂直运动等行为学指标,测定大鼠血清及脑组织中五羟色胺(5-HT)、多巴胺(DA)、白介素-6(IL-6)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、β-内啡肽(β-EP)的水平。结果:与对照组比较,CUMS大鼠体重、糖水消耗百分比、旷场水平和垂直运动显著降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,茶氨酸联合GABA干预可显著增加大鼠体重增量、糖水消耗百分比,运动距离和站立次数(P<0.05),抑郁大鼠血清及脑组织中5-HT、DA以及BDNF、β-EP的含量增加(P<0.05),降低IL-6的水平(P<0.05)。结论:L-茶氨酸和GABA联合干预对CUMS诱发的抑郁症有一定改善作用,且高剂量的作用更为显著。     

2株益生菌对抑郁模型大鼠行为学和肠道菌群的影响

为探究乳双歧杆菌BB-12（BB-12）及植物乳杆菌P-8（P-8）对抑郁行为和肠道菌群的影响,本文构建了慢性温和不可预知性（CUMS）抑郁模型,分别采用BB-12及P-8对其进行为期6周的灌胃治疗。灌胃前、后,分别进行行为学测试;治疗结束后,采集粪便样本进行16S rRNA V4-V5区测序。结果显示：与CUMS组相比,2株益生菌均能显著缓解慢性压力诱导的抑郁行为（糖水消耗率及旷场得分显著增加,暗箱中所处时间显著减少）,BB-12和P-8组的菌群结构显著偏离CUMS组;与健康对照组（HC）相比,CUMS组中OTU556,OTU194和OTU99的丰度显著升高,而OTU198的丰度显著降低,BB-12组显著降低了OTU556,OTU194和OTU99的丰度,P-8组显著调节了OTU556,OTU194,OTU99和OTU198的丰度;PICRUSt分析显示,与HC组相比,CUMS组肠道微生物的多种功能发生紊乱,2株益生菌仅能一定程度上缓解功能紊乱。研究表明,益生菌可通过调节肠道菌群缓解慢性压力诱导的抑郁相关症状。     

林下参提取物对慢性不可预知温和应激模型小鼠抑郁样行为及HPA轴影响

目的：研究林下参提取物(understory Panax ginseng extract,UPGE)对慢性不可预知温和刺激(chronic unpredictable mild stress,CUMS)模型小鼠抑郁样行为及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal,HPA)轴的影响。方法：超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)方法鉴别UPGE中的皂苷成分。将60只雄性昆明小鼠随机分为空白组(Control)，模型组(CUMS)，文拉法辛组(10 mg·kg^-1 Ven)以及林下参提取物组(100 mg·kg^-1 UPGE)。除空白组外，均采用CUMS诱导各组小鼠抑郁，灌胃给药21 d后通过小鼠体质量，进行糖水偏好实验，旷场实验，水迷宫实验分析其行为学变化；采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(corticotropin-releasing hormone,CRH)，促肾上腺皮质激素(adrenoco...     

桂附汤对慢性不可预见性温和应激小鼠抑郁样行为及海马脑源性神经营养因子表达的影响

目的 研究桂附汤对慢性不可预见性温和应激（chronic unpredictive mild stress，CUMS）小鼠抑郁模型的干预作用。 方法 利用CUMS法诱导C57BL/6小鼠抑郁模型，通过蔗糖偏好实验、旷场实验、悬尾实验观察桂附汤对小鼠抑郁样行为的影响，实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（Real-time PCR）检测小鼠海马组织脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）mRNA 表达，免疫组化法（immunohistochemistry，IHC）检测小鼠海马区BDNF蛋白定位表达，苏木素-伊红（HE）染色观察海马组织形态学的变化。 结果 与对照组相比，模型组体质量下降，肾上腺指数升高，糖水偏好度显著降低，旷场实验总静止时间显著升高、进入中央区域次数显著降低，BDNF蛋白表达和mRNA水平显著降低；与模型组相比，桂附汤干预组肾上腺指数显著降低，糖水偏好度显著增加，旷场实验总静止时间显著降低、进入中央区域的次数显著增加，悬尾实验静止时间显著降低，海马BDNF mRNA及蛋白表达都显著增加，海马组织病理损伤明显改善。结论 桂附汤可改善CUMS诱导的小鼠抑郁样行为，上调BDNF表达，保护海马神经元的结构和功能。     

牛磺酸营养液对小鼠免疫功能影响的研究

目的 研究牛磺酸营养液对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法 随机将雄性小鼠分为正常对照组,免疫抑制模型组和牛磺酸营养液低、中、高剂量组.腹腔注射40 mg/kg环磷酰胺5次建立小鼠免疫抑制模型,观察不同剂量牛磺酸营养液对免疫抑制小鼠免疫器官、细胞免疫、体液免疫及单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响.结果 与模型组小鼠相比,牛磺酸营养液能显著增加免疫抑制小鼠的脾指数、胸腺指数,促进脾淋巴细胞增殖,提高抗体生成细胞数和半数溶血值,增强单核巨噬细胞的吞噬功能.结论 牛磺酸营养液能够提高免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能.     

当归挥发油对小鼠抑郁行为的影响

通过建立慢性轻度不可知应激刺激（CUMS）诱导的小鼠抑郁模型,研究当归挥发油对抑郁行为的影响及机制。小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、低、中、高剂量当归挥发油组（15、30、60 mg/kg）及盐酸氟西汀组（2.1 mg/kg）。干预4周后发现,与模型组比较,当归挥发油各剂量组小鼠中央穿越次数、中央区活动时间及糖水偏好度升高（P<0.01）,悬尾不动时间下降（P<0.05,P<0.01）,海马CA1区病理变化减轻,血清白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-6及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量降低（P<0.01）,而IL-10含量增加（P<0.01）;除低剂量当归挥发油组小鼠脑组织多巴胺（DA）含量及神经营养蛋白-3(NT-3)表达无明显变化外（P>0.05）,剩余各组小鼠DA、去甲肾上腺素（NE）、5-羟色胺（5-HT）含量及神经生长因子（NGF）、NT-3、脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）表达均升高（P<0.05,P<0.01）。上述结果表明,当归挥发油具有改善CUMS诱导的小鼠抑郁行为作用,该作用与抑制神经炎症、上调单胺类神经递质含量及促进...     

“精神益生菌”对慢性应激诱导的抑郁和便秘症状的缓解及机制研究

"精神益生菌"是一类对神经功能和行为具有调节效果的益生菌。近年来,随着"肠-脑轴"理论的成熟,"精神益生菌"的开发也成为防治神经和精神类疾病的热点研究之一。该研究采用慢性不可预知温和刺激(chronic unpredictable midstress,CUMS)建立抑郁小鼠模型,并对小鼠进行为期4周的复合乳酸菌(短双歧杆菌CCFM1025、婴儿双歧杆菌CCFM687、乳酸片球菌CCFM6432)干预治疗。结果表明,复合乳酸菌能够提高慢性应激小鼠的糖水偏好性,减少其在强迫游泳实验中的不动时间,并增加其在高架十字迷宫中开放臂的活动时间;其作用机制与减少血清中皮质酮和大脑前额叶皮质的促炎因子(TNF-α和IL-1β)水平相关。慢性应激小鼠还表现出显著的便秘症状,而复合乳酸菌能够通过提高肠道短链脂肪酸、5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptomine,5-HT)及其受体基因表达(Htr4)的水平,增加小鼠的排便速率。此外,益生菌干预小鼠的肠道色氨酸(L-tryptophan,L-Trp)与脑中色氨酸和5-HT的含量具有显著正相关性,这表明对肠道和大脑L-Trp/5-HT合成的调控,可能是益生...     

酸枣仁水提物对焦虑大鼠症状的改善及其对肠道菌群的影响

选用慢性温和不可预知应激大鼠模型,探究酸枣仁水提物缓解焦虑症状的潜在作用机制。以行为学(糖水偏好率、旷场得分、暗处所处时间)及肠道菌群为参考指标,研究酸枣仁水提物对焦虑模型大鼠的行为、肠道菌群多样性、结构及组成的影响。结果显示,与模型组(CUMS)组相比,酸枣仁(SZS)组显著改善了慢性压力诱导的焦虑行为(糖水消偏好率及旷场得分显著增加,在暗箱中所处的时间显著减少);SZS组肠道菌群的alpha多样性显著升高(p0.05),且菌群结构显著偏离CUMS组;进一步探究发现,相比于CUMS组,SZS组中Lactobacillus(CUMS:29.42%;SZS:8.08%;p=0.003)和Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014(CUMS:3.30%;SZS:2.14%;p=0.04)的丰度显著降低,而Bacteroides(CUMS:2.23%;SZS:5.15%;p=0.001)、norank_o_Mollicutes_RF9(CUMS:1.01%;SZS:2.43%;p=0.019)、Ruminiclostridium_9(CUMS:0.42%;SZS:0.62%;p=0.034)、Parabacteroides(CUMS:0.35%;SZS:0.60%;p=0.011)、Butyricimonas(CUMS:0.01%;SZS:0.03%;p=0.018)及Acetatifactor(CUMS:0.01%;SZS:0.03%;p=0.001)的丰度显著升高。结果表明,酸枣仁可改善CUMS大鼠焦虑相关症状,且影响了CUMS大鼠的肠道菌群结构,为明确其潜在作用机制提供了理论依据。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the