聚苯胺材料在舰船涂料中的应用研究

聚苯胺材料具有类似锌铝等金属优良的防锈等性能,从而可替代锌、铝、镍等国家重要的战略资源。介绍了目前国内几种型号的聚苯胺样品及其技术参数。对聚苯胺涂料的防锈性能、缓蚀性能及导静电性能进行了研究。结果表明:聚苯胺具有优异的防锈效果,好于常规防锈颜料,尤其当其用量达到涂料总量的8%以上时效果明显;聚苯胺也具有良好的缓蚀效果,可用来研制具有富锌底漆功能的缓蚀涂料;D-8十二烷基磺酸盐掺杂导电聚苯胺制备的涂料具有良好的导静电性能。     

家具表面漆膜性能的测定

依据国家相关标准,介绍了家具表面漆膜光泽、厚度、附着力、耐磨性、抗冲击性、耐湿/干热性、耐冷热温差性、耐冷液性、耐盐浴性等性能的测定方法,为企业检测家具漆膜表面性能提供参考.     

Toughened cycloaliphatic epoxy resin for demanding thermal applications and surface coatings

An epoxy resin based on nonglycidyl ether and varying content of carboxyl‐terminated (poly)butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer was cured using an aromatic amine hardener. The ultimate aim of the study was to modify the brittle epoxy matrix by the liquid rubber to improve toughness characteristics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of the modified was performed to understand the structural transformations taking place during the uncured and cured stage of the modified systems. The decreasing trend in exothermal heat of reaction with increasing rubber content in the epoxy resin can be explained by the fact that the increase of carboxyl‐terminated butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer (CTBN) modifier might induce a high reactivity of the end groups with the epoxide ring and resulting shorter curing times and, hence, the faster curing process than the unmodified resin. Tensile strength, impact strength, and elongation‐at‐break behaviors of neat as well as modified networks have been studied to observe the effect of rubber modification. Blends sample exhibits better properties as compared to pure epoxy resin in terms of increase in impact strength and elongation‐at‐break of the casting and gloss, scratch hardness, adhesion, and flexibility of the film. The improvement in these properties indicate that the rubber‐modified resin would be more durable than the epoxy based on di glycidyl ether of bis‐phenol‐A and other epoxies. The films of coating based on epoxy with 15 wt % CTBN offered the maximum resistance toward different concentrations of acids, alkalies, and solvents as compared to the cured films of other blend samples. The thermal stability of the cycloaliphatic‐based epoxy resin was increased with the addition of 15 wt % CTBN in epoxy matrix. Cycloaliphatic‐based epoxy network modified with CTBN displayed two phase separated morphology with dispersed rubber globules in the matrix resin, i.e., they revealed the presence of two phase morphological features. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Improved fire safety of composites for naval applications

This study is based on the use of integral, hybrid thermal barrier to protect the core of the composite structure. Thermal barrier treatments evaluated in this study include ceramic fabric, ceramic coating, intumescent coating, hybrid of ceramic and intumescent coating, silicone foam, and phenolic skin. The composite systems evaluated in combination with thermal barrier treatments included glass/vinyl ester, graphite/epoxy, graphite/bismaleimide, and graphite/phenolic. All configurations were tested for flammability characteristics. These included smoke density and combustion gas generation (ASTM E-662), residual flexural strength (ASTM D-790), heat release rate, and ignitability (ASTM E-1354). ASTM E-662 test method covers the determination of specific optical density of smoke generated by solid materials. ASTM D-790 test method covers the determination of flexural properties of composite materials in the form of rectangular bars. ASTM E-1354 (cone calorimeter) covers the measurement of the response of materials exposed to controlled levels of radiant heating with or without an external ignitor, and is used to determine the ignitability, heat release rates, mass loss rates, effective heat of combustion, and visible smoke development. Without any fire barrier treatments, all composite systems evaluated in this study failed to meet ignitability and peak heat release requirements of MIL-STD-2031 (SH) at radiant heat fluxes of 75 and 100 kW m^?2, respectively. Intumescent coating and a hybrid system consisting of intumescent coating over ceramic coating were the most effective fire barrier treatments for composite systems evaluated in this study. Using either of these treatments, all composite systems met the ignitability requirements of 90 and 60 at 75 and 100 kW m^?2, respectively. Except for glass/vinyl ester, all systems also met the peak and average heat release requirements of MIL-STD-2031 (SH) at radiant heat fluxes of 25, 75, and 100 kW m^?2, respectively.     

Functional coatings for anti-biofouling applications by surface segregation of block copolymer additives

Temperature responsive or bactericidal coatings with poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) as bulk material and surface segregated poly(n-butyl acrylate)-block-poly-(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PBA-b-PNIPAAm) or poly(n-butyl acrylate)-block-quaternized poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PBA-b-PDMAEMAq) as additive were prepared via sequential solvent evaporation of polymer solutions in a solvent mixture. The degree of enrichment at the air surface of the coating and the functionality were examined for different molecular weight additives with different block ratios obtained via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP). The design of the block copolymers with an anchor block (PBA) which is compatible with the bulk polymer (PBMA) and water-compatible functional blocks (PNIPAAm and PDMAEMAq) along with the selection of suited solvent mixtures based on pre-estimation of the selective solubility and sequential evaporation via the Hansen solubility parameters and vapor pressures, respectively, were found to work very well. A small fraction of water in the solvent mixture had been crucial to obtain surface segregation of the functional block, e.g., a PNIPAAm surface with temperature-switchable wettability. Reversible temperature dependent wettability and long term stability of the functionalization, based on contact angle data, were obtained for an optimized PBA-b-PNIPAAm additive. Surface charge density, estimated from dye binding and zeta potential measurements, and killing efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus were investigated for PBA-b-PDMAEMAq as additive. Both block copolymer additives were found to dominate the surface properties and the functionality of the PBMA coating.     

Esthetic performance of thermochromic pigments in cataphoretic and sprayed coatings for outdoor applications

This study aims to assess the aesthetical performances of thermochromic coatings for outdoor applications. In details, this work focuses on the efficiency of thermochromic pigments inside cataphoretic and sprayed primers, evaluating the possible synergic effect of a protective transparent topcoat. The structure of thermochromic pigments is examined by optical microscope, and their color-changing behavior is evaluated by colourimetric measurements. Colourimetric analyses are also carried out to monitor the thermochromic performances of the coatings during exposure to an aggressive NaCl solution and UV-B radiations, and to assess the protective role of the top-coat. In addition to that, wet- and dry-abrasion tests are carried out to define the suitability of these coatings for outdoor applications where good resistance to mechanical damage is required. Thus, this work evidences the better aesthetical features of the cataphoretic primer, which, however, particularly suffers from chemical–physical degradation processes. Nevertheless, the application of the transparent topcoat allows to maintain the integrity of the cataphoretic primer. The double-layer coating exhibits a remarkable color-changing behavior even when subjected to degradation phenomena due to exposure to aggressive environments.     

Steel surface chemistry affecting the performance of organic coatings

The surface chemistry of steel sheets plays an important role in industrial operations such as cold forming, phosphatizing and painting. Although the surface of the steel sheet is uniformly covered with a thin (about 10 nm or less) iron oxide film, carbonaceous contaminants and various enriched elements such as manganese and silicon are present on it. The surface layers are ultimately formed when the steel sheets are annealed for softening in the sheet production process. Since the carbonaceous contaminant causes deterioration of the pre-treatment (phosphatizing), it facilitates paint failure in a corrosive environment (salt spray test). One of the possible reasons why the phosphatability is sensitive to the surface condition is that the formation of finely grained phosphate crystals depends greatly on the ability to adsorb titanium colloids, which act as nucleating agents.     

用于汽车内饰件的水性双组分聚氨酯柔感涂料

介绍了水性双组分柔感涂料的化学反应原理.研究了不同工艺条件下涂料中水的含量及NCO值的变化状况.比较了不同涂料的雾化值及性能.结果发现,水性柔感涂料在80℃下烘烤10 min,涂料中的水分可全部挥发,并有13%的-NCO基团发生了反应.与其它涂料相比,水性柔感涂料的雾化值最低,手感最好,附着力达到0级,耐溶剂性和耐磨性达到溶剂型柔感涂料的水平.     

聚苯乙烯在室内设计专用涂料制备中的应用

综述了聚苯乙烯在室内设计专用涂料制备中的应用研究进展,介绍了聚苯乙烯的两种改性方法,分别为物理共混改性和化学接枝改性。利用聚苯乙烯不具备亲水基团的结构性能制成防水涂料,利用聚苯乙烯的惰性结构制备防腐涂料,根据聚苯乙烯的耐水性制备防锈涂料,在聚苯乙烯中加入阻燃剂制备防火涂料。将聚苯乙烯应用在室内设计专用涂料中,可以提高涂料的综合性能,更好地利用资源,未来有着广阔的应用前景。     

内墙涂料中甲醛含量的检测

提出了一种使用乙酰丙酮作显色剂、结合分光光度法检测内墙涂料中甲醛含量的方法。通过绘制甲醛标准工作曲线,得出了样品测定的计算因子,进而给出了甲醛含量计算公式。对2种内墙涂料样品进行测定的结果表明,该方法操作简单,准确可靠,回收率达到99％以上,相对平均偏差分别为1．3％和0．33％,适用于游离甲醛含量为0．005～0．5g/kg的各种内墙涂料。     

国家监督抽查:内墙乳胶漆产品安全性能有保障

通过对2009年第4季度内墙乳胶漆产品质量国家监督抽查结果进行分析,对目前该产品质量现状作出了评价,指出了当前内墙乳胶漆生产、销售、质量监管等方面存在的问题,并提出了应采取相应措施的建议。     

Functionalized sol-gel coatings for optical applications

Sol-gel processing is well-known to be a powerful technique for designing materials for optical applications. Here, some recent applications of functionalized sol-gel coatings in optics are briefly reviewed. Lanthanide-doped oxide nanocrystals form a new promising class of nanophosphors allowing the easy sol-gel preparation of transparent and luminescent films for the development of light-emitting devices. Recent experiments on organized mesoporous films show their potential applications in optics, such as stable low-index layers in interferential antireflective devices or as silica binders in TiO 2-photocatalytic devices.     

PVD hard coatings on ceramic tiles for aesthetic applications: surface characterisation and corrosion properties

The development of innovative ceramic tiles looks for materials with improved mechanical and tribological properties as well as a higher corrosion resistance (high relative humidity, daily watering, household chemical cleaners). In addition, a greater durability leads to lower environmental impact. Along with their improved functionality and recyclability, ceramic tiles should also provide aesthetic properties. Ceramic tiles can be treated to modify the physico-chemical properties of the surface by metal coatings or metallic compounds, also providing an attractive metallic sheen appearance. In the present paper, titanium nitride (TiN) and zirconium nitride (ZrN) coatings were deposited on glazed porcelain stoneware by an industrial PVD multicathode arc deposition system under a reactive nitrogen atmosphere. After the process, the tiles showed a gold-like colour, a smooth surface and a coating thickness between 0.7 and 1.6 μm. The coating composition, scratch resistance and corrosion behaviour have been evaluated. It can be concluded that both coatings are suitable for use in domestic environments due to their stability and resistance to aggressive conditions. Few references have been found regarding these coatings on ceramic tiles for domestic and industrial applications, but it has been proved that they bring added value to traditional ceramics, giving new functional properties of ceramics both decorative and highly corrosion and mechanical resistance.     

Highly scratch resistant coatings for automotive applications

The design of scratch resistant clear coats is still a highly desired goal in modern coatings technology. Especially in automotive applications, where coatings have to fulfil several demanding customer needs simultaneously, this goal is rather challenging.     

谈谈内外墙涂料的施工

内外墙涂料和弹性涂料的施工步骤及在施工中出现并需注意的一些问题。     

Waterborne silicone-organic hybrid coatings for exterior applications

Waterborne alkyd and acrylic resins can be modified with silicone intermediates to improve their weather resistance in paints for exterior applications. The alkyds are modified through copolymerization before dispersion in water, using formulations and process conditions that minimize the tendency to gel. Acrylic latexes can be post treated with selected silicone intermediates at ambient temperature to give hybrid coating binders. In both cases, the gloss retention and chalking resistance of paint films are greatly increased.