一种采用低阈值技术实现的高速模数转换器

在0.35 μm标准CMOS工艺下实现了一款采用低阈值技术的高速流水线模数转换器。该转换器包括采样保持电路、流水线ADC核、时钟电路和基准电路。相比于传统电路,该模数转换器中采样保持电路的放大器采用了低阈值设计技术。其优势在于,在特定工艺下,通过低阈值器件补偿放大器可实现高增益带宽,提高了模数转换器的速度。同时,设计了一种全新的保护电路,可有效保证电路的正常工作。采用一种独特的偏置电路设计技术,不仅能够优化跨导放大器的增益和带宽,还可以调节MOS器件工作状态。转换器采用4 bit+8×1.5 bit+3 bit的十级流水线架构,实现了14位精度的模数转换功能。在5 V电源100 MHz时钟下,仿真结果表明,SINAD为74.76 dB,SFDR为87.63 dBc,面积为5 mm×5 mm。     

一种具有采样保持功能的开关电容积分器

本文提出了一种开关电容积分器结构,运用增益提高技术的折叠式共源共栅放大器实现,可应用于具有采样保持功能的电路中.基于标准的65nm CMOS 工艺,通过 HSPICE 仿真验证,结果表明,该积分器在采样相与积分相能保持相同电平,且对输入信号起到采样和保持作用,在输入信号的 VPP =1.4V 、频率为10kHz 、采样频率为6.144M Hz 条件下,电路的 T HD 为-112dB .     

一种高速、低失真的采样保持电路

本文设计了一种低非线性，并提出了减小放大器的建高速、低失真的开关电容采样保持电路，它采用了bootstrapped开关来降立时间的方法。结果表明其在40M的采样速度下，可以得到大于70dB的线性。     

双开关电荷采样放大器

电荷放大器是高阻抗电荷源器件普遍采用的前置电路,电荷采样放大器保持了电荷放大器功能,同时可以消除电荷放大器直流漂移导致的输出饱和,但是单开关的电荷采样放大器是不稳定电路。文中分析了电荷采样放大器的工作原理,提出了双开关电荷采样放大器,该电路不自激振荡,无输出饱和,其输出可以直接作为Ａ／Ｄ转换电路的输入。     

一种3V13位40MHz低功耗采样／保持电路

设计了一种3 V 13位40 MHz低功耗采样保持电路.该电路采用带增益提高的全差分折叠式共源共栅运算放大器,满足高速高精度的要求;同时,采用带哑元补偿管的栅压自举开关,减小了采样开关带来的非线性失真.使用XFAB 0.35 μm CMOS工艺库,对整体电路和分块电路进行了仿真和分析.     

一种用于12位250MSPS流水线ADC的中频采样前端

设计了一种具有中频采样功能的流水线ADC采样保持前端电路.采样保持前端电路采用基于开关电容的底板采样翻转式结构,运算放大器采用了米勒补偿型两级结构以提高信号摆幅,采样开关采用了消除衬底偏置效应的自举开关以提高中频采样特性.该采样保持前端电路被运用于一种12位250 MSPS流水线ADC,电路采用0.18μm lP5M 1.8 V CMOS工艺实现,测试结果表明该ADC电路在全速采样条件下对于20 MHz的输入信号得到的SNR为69.92 dB,SFDR为81.17 dB,-3 dB带宽达700 MHz以上,整个前端电路的功耗为58 mW.     

Flip-around结构高速采样保持电路的设计

分析了Flip-around结构采样保持电路产生失真的原因。采用增加哑开关管的自举开关,消除与输入有关的电荷注入和时钟馈通;采用增益增强技术,提高运算放大器的直流增益,并通过调整辅助运放的负载电容大小,实现主运放建立时间特性的优化。设计了一个Flip-around结构的高速采样保持电路;对电路各模块进行了功能仿真,给出了整个采样保持电路的仿真结果。     

一种采用双采样技术的高性能采样保持电路

介绍了一种高性能的采样保持电路。他采用双采样结构,使得在同样性能的运算放大器条件下,采样速率成倍提高,降低对运放的要求;使用补偿技术的两级运算放大器有较高增益和输出摆幅;采用栅压自举电路,消除开关导通电阻的非线性,减小电荷注入效应和时钟溃通。在SMIC 0.25μm标准工艺库下仿真,该采样保持电路可试用于高速高精度流水线ADC。     

一种高性能14位采样保持电路

设计了一种应用于流水线型模数转换器的14位100 MHz采样保持电路,并在电路设计中,提出了一种改进型的栅压自举采样开关电路。在不增加电路复杂性的情况下,栅压自举采样开关电路可以有效地增加采样开关管的开启时间和关断时间,以及电路的可靠性。采样保持电路采用电容翻转式结构,以及采用增益提高的全差分折叠式共源共栅跨导放大器来实现。采用SMIC 1.8 V/3.3 V 0.18 μm 1P6M CMOS工艺对电路进行设计与仿真。仿真结果显示,在10.009765 MHz输入信号,100 MHz工作频率下,输出信号的无杂散动态范围(SFDR)为95.9 dB,与传统自举开关相比,提高了16.3 dB。     

一种14位125MHz采样/保持电路的设计

设计了一种高性能采样/保持(S/H)电路,采用全差分电容翻转型的主体结构,有效减小了噪声和功耗.在电路设计中,采用栅压自举开关,极大地减小了非线性失真,同时,有效地抑制了输入信号的直流偏移.采样/保持放大器电路采用折叠共源共栅结构,由于深亚微米工艺中器件本征增益减小,S/H电路为达到更高增益,采用增益提升技术.设计的采样/保持电路采用0.18μm1P5M工艺实现,在1.8V电源电压、125 MHz采样速率下,输出差动摆幅达到2 V(VP-P),输入信号到奈奎斯特频率时仍能达到98 dB以上的无杂散动态范围(SFDR),其性能满足14位精度、125MHz转换速率的流水线ADC要求.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.