一种低开销的三点翻转自恢复锁存器设计

随着集成电路特征尺寸的不断缩减,在恶劣辐射环境下,纳米级CMOS集成电路中单粒子三点翻转的几率日益增高,严重影响可靠性.为了实现单粒子三点翻转自恢复,该文提出一种低开销的三点翻转自恢复锁存器(LC-TNURL).该锁存器由7个C单元和7个钟控C单元组成,具有对称的环状交叉互锁结构.利用C单元的阻塞特性和交叉互锁连接方式,任意3个内部节点发生翻转后,瞬态脉冲在锁存器内部传播,经过C单元多级阻塞后会逐级消失,确保LC-TNURL锁存器能够自行恢复到正确逻辑状态.详细的HSPICE仿真表明,与其他三点翻转加固锁存器(TNU-Latch,LCTNUT,TNUTL,TNURL)相比,LC-TNURL锁存器的功耗平均降低了31.9％,延迟平均降低了87.8％,功耗延迟积平均降低了92.3％,面积开销平均增加了15.4％.相对于参考文献中提出的锁存器,LC-TNURL锁存器的PVT波动敏感性最低,具有较高的可靠性.     

一种低开销的三点翻转自恢复锁存器设计

随着集成电路特征尺寸的不断缩减,在恶劣辐射环境下,纳米级CMOS集成电路中单粒子三点翻转的几率日益增高,严重影响可靠性。为了实现单粒子三点翻转自恢复,该文提出一种低开销的三点翻转自恢复锁存器(LC-TNURL)。该锁存器由7个C单元和7个钟控C单元组成,具有对称的环状交叉互锁结构。利用C单元的阻塞特性和交叉互锁连接方式,任意3个内部节点发生翻转后,瞬态脉冲在锁存器内部传播,经过C单元多级阻塞后会逐级消失,确保LC-TNURL锁存器能够自行恢复到正确逻辑状态。详细的HSPICE仿真表明,与其他三点翻转加固锁存器(TNU-Latch, LCTNUT, TNUTL, TNURL)相比,LC-TNURL锁存器的功耗平均降低了31.9%,延迟平均降低了87.8%,功耗延迟积平均降低了92.3%,面积开销平均增加了15.4%。相对于参考文献中提出的锁存器,LC-TNURL锁存器的PVT波动敏感性最低,具有较高的可靠性。     

一种低开销加固锁存器的设计

针对单粒子翻转问题,设计了一种低开销的加固锁存器。在输出级使用钟控C单元,以屏蔽锁存器内部节点的瞬态故障;在输出节点所在的反馈环上使用C单元,屏蔽输出节点上瞬态故障对电路的影响;采用了从输入节点到输出节点的高速通路设计,延迟开销大幅降低。HSPICE仿真结果表明,相比于FERST,SEUI,HLR,Iso-DICE锁存器,该锁存器的面积平均下降23.20%,延迟平均下降55.14%,功耗平均下降42.62%。PVT分析表明,该锁存器的性能参数受PVT变化的影响很小,性能稳定。     

两个低开销抗单粒子翻转锁存器

提出了两个抗单粒子翻转(SEU)的锁存器电路SEUT-A和SEUT-B。SEU的免疫性是通过将数据存放在不同的节点以及电路的恢复机制达到的。两个电路功能的实现都没有特殊的器件尺寸要求,所以都可以由小尺寸器件设计完成。提出的结构通过标准的0.18μm工艺设计实现并仿真。仿真结果表明两个电路都是SEU免疫的,而且都要比常规非加固的锁存器节省功耗。和传统的锁存电路相比,SEUT-A只多用了11%的器件数和6%的传输延时,而SEUT-B多用了56%的器件数,但获得了比传统电路快43%的速度。     

一种新型抗多节点翻转加固锁存器

在纳米锁存器中,由电荷共享效应导致的多节点翻转(MNU)正急剧增加,成为主要的可靠性问题之一。尽管现有的辐射加固锁存器能够对MNU进行较好的容错,但是这些加固锁存器只依赖于传统的冗余技术进行加固,需要非常大的硬件开销。基于辐射翻转机制(瞬态脉冲翻转极性)设计了一种新型抗MNU锁存器。该锁存器可有效减少需保护的节点数(敏感节点数)和晶体管数,因此可减少电路的硬件开销。由于至少存在2个节点可以保存正确的值,因此任何单节点翻转(SNU)和MNU都可以被恢复容错。基于TSMC 65 nm CMOS工艺进行仿真,结果显示,设计的加固锁存器的电路面积、传播延迟和动态功耗分别为19.44μm²,16.96 ps和0.91μW。与现有的辐射加固锁存器相比,设计的锁存器具有较小的硬件开销功耗-延迟-面积乘积(PDAP)值,仅为300.02。     

单粒子翻转加固锁存器分析与辐照试验验证

对目前基于软错误屏蔽、施密特触发及双互锁单元结构的几种单粒子翻转加固锁存器进行分析,并从面积、延时、功耗和抗单粒子翻转能力等方面进行综合比较。着重剖析了DICE结构的多节点翻转特性,研究了敏感节点隔离对抗单粒子翻转能力的影响,设计了测试芯片,并进行了辐照试验验证。辐照试验结果表明,相比于其他加固锁存器结构,DICE结构的单粒子翻转阈值最高,翻转截面最低,功耗延时积最小。当敏感节点隔离间距由0.21 μm增大到2 μm时,DICE结构的单粒子翻转阈值增大157%,翻转截面减小40%,面积增大1倍。在DICE结构中使用敏感节点隔离可有效提高抗单粒子翻转能力,但在具体的设计加固中,需要在抗辐照能力、面积、延时和功耗之间进行折中考虑。     

32nm CMOS工艺三点翻转自恢复锁存器设计

CMOS工艺的特征尺寸不断缩减,电荷共享效应诱发的单粒子三点翻转成为研究热点.本文提出了一种单粒子三点翻转自恢复的抗辐射加固锁存器:Hydra-DICE(Dual Interlocked Storage Cell).该锁存器基于24个同构的交叉耦合单元(Cross-Coupled Elements,CCE)排列成阵列结...     

一种新型低冗余抗多节点翻转的加固D锁存器设计

在航空航天等高辐射领域中,电荷共享效应引起的多节点翻转(Multiple-Node Upset,MNU)在D锁存器中愈发频繁,其可严重影响电子系统的功能。虽然目前现有的抗MNU加固D锁存器能够对MNU进行容错恢复,但是其硬件开销非常大。为解决这一问题,本文设计了一种新型低冗余抗MNU的加固D锁存器。在TSMC 65nm CMOS工艺下对该锁存器时序及容错功能进行的仿真验证结果表明,与现有抗MNU锁存器相比,本文构造的加固锁存器不仅可恢复MNU,而且具有面积更小、功耗更低、传输时间更短的优点。     

改进DICE结构的D触发器抗SEU设计

基于DICE结构主-从型D触发器的抗辐照加固方法的研究,在原有双立互锁存储单元(DICE)结构D触发器的基础上改进电路结构,其主锁存器采用抗静态、动态单粒子翻转(SEU)设计,从锁存器保留原有的DICE结构。主锁存器根据电阻加固与RC滤波的原理,将晶体管作电阻使用,使得电路中存在RC滤波,通过设置晶体管合理的宽长比,使其与晶体管间隔的节点的电平在SEU期间不变化,保持原电平状态,从而使电路具有抗动态SEU的能力。Spectre仿真结果表明,改进的D触发器既具有抗动态SEU能力,又保留了DICE抗静态SEU较好的优点,其抗单粒子翻转效果较好。     

SEU加固存储单元多节点翻转的准三维数值模拟

为了深入了解SEU加固存储单元中多节点翻转的内部电荷收集及电压变化机制,采用准三维模拟工具MEDICI,对DIED加固单元进行器件/ 电路的混合模拟.结果表明,瞬时浮制节点和电荷的横向扩散是多节点翻转的关键原因.还研究其他加固单元多节点翻转的特点,并给出了避免多节点翻转的方法.     

一种新型低功耗加固SRAM存储单元

提出了一种抗辐射加固12T SRAM存储单元.采用NMOS管组成的堆栈结构降低功耗,利用单粒子翻转特性来减少敏感节点,获得了良好的可靠性和低功耗.Hspice仿真结果表明,该加固SRAM存储单元能够完全容忍单点翻转,容忍双点翻转比例为33.33％.与其他10种存储单元相比,该存储单元的面积开销平均增加了 3.90％,功...     

Low cost and highly reliable hardened latch design for nanoscale CMOS technology

With technology node shrinking, the susceptibility of a single chip to soft errors increases. Hence, the critical charge (Qcrit) of circuit decreases and this decrease is expected to continue with further technology scaling. In this paper previous hardened latch circuits are analyzed and it is found that previous designs offer limited protection against soft error especially for soft error caused by high energy particles and not all the nodes are under soft error protection. Therefore, in this paper we propose a low cost hardened latch design in 45 nm CMOS technology with full protection for all internal nodes as well as output node against soft error. Moreover, the proposed hardened approach is technology independent. Compared to previous hardened latch designs, the proposed design reduces cost in terms of power delay product (PDP) 59% on average.     

Low cost and highly reliable radiation hardened latch design in 65 nm CMOS technology

As a consequence of technology scaling down, gate capacitances and stored charge in sensitive nodes are decreasing rapidly, which makes CMOS circuits more vulnerable to radiation induced soft errors. In this paper, a low cost and highly reliable radiation hardened latch is proposed using 65 nm CMOS commercial technology. The proposed latch can fully tolerate the single event upset (SEU) when particles strike on any one of its single node. Furthermore, it can efficiently mask the input single event transient (SET). A set of HSPICE post-layout simulations are done to evaluate the proposed latch circuit and previous latch circuits designed in the literatures, and the comparison results among the latches of type 4 show that the proposed latch reduces at least 39% power consumption and 67.6% power delay product. Moreover, the proposed latch has a second lowest area overhead and a comparable ability of the single event multiple upsets (SEMUs) tolerance among the latches of type 4. Finally, the impacts of process, supply voltage and temperature variations on our proposed latch and previous latches are investigated.     

一种低开销的抗SEU锁存器

随着微电子技术的不断进步,集成电路工艺尺寸不断缩小,工作电压不断降低,节点的临界电荷越来越小,空间辐射引起的单粒子效应逐渐成为影响芯片可靠性的重要因素之一。针对辐射环境中高能粒子对锁存器的影响,提出了一种低开销的抗SEU锁存器(LOHL)。该结构基于C单元的双模冗余,实现对单粒子翻转的防护,从而降低软错误发生的概率。Spice模拟结果显示,与其他相关文献中加固锁存器相比,LOHL在电路面积、延迟和延迟-功耗积上有优势。     

An SEU resilient,SET filterable and cost effective latch in presence of PVT variations

This paper presents a single event upset (SEU) resilient, single event transient (SET) filterable and cost effective latch (referred to as RFEL) using 45 nm CMOS commercial technology. By means of triple mutual feedback CMOS structures, one of which is an input-split Schmitt trigger, and two of which are Muller C-elements, the internal nodes and output node of the latch are self-recoverable from single event upset regardless of the energy of a striking particle. The latch filters a much wider spectrum of single event transient on account of hysteresis property of the embedded input-split Schmitt trigger, and temporal redundancy in the grouped inputs of the Muller C-element at output stage. The latch performs with lower overheads regarding area, power, and delay than most of the single event upset and single event transient simultaneously tolerated latches as well. Simulation results show that the area-power-delay-pulse product of the latch is 65.58% saving on average, and Monte Carlo simulation results demonstrate the equivalent or even less sensitivity of the latch to process, and temperature variations, compared with the previous radiation hardened latches.     

基于C单元反馈回路的容SEU锁存器设计

随着电子技术的不断发展,集成电路的特征尺寸不断缩小,导致电路对宇宙高能粒子引发的单粒子翻转愈发敏感。提出了一种对单粒子翻转完全免疫的抗辐射加固锁存器。该锁存器利用具有过滤功能的C单元构建反馈回路,并在锁存器末端使用钟控C单元来阻塞传播至输出端的软错误。HSPICE仿真结果显示,在与TMR锁存器同等可靠性的情况下,该锁存器面积下降50%,延迟下降92%,功耗下降47%,功耗延迟积下降96%。     

An advanced SEU tolerant latch based on error detection

This paper proposes a latch that can mitigate SEUs via an error detection circuit.The error detection circuit is hardened by a C-element and a stacked PMOS.In the hold state,a particle strikes the latch or the error detection circuit may cause a fault logic state of the circuit.The error detection circuit can detect the upset node in the latch and the fault output will be corrected.The upset node in the error detection circuit can be corrected by the Celement.The power dissipation and propagation delay of the proposed latch are analyzed by HSPICE simulations.The proposed latch consumes about 77.5％ less energy and 33.1％ less propagation delay than the triple modular redundancy (TMR) latch.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed latch can mitigate SEU effectively.     

一种容SEU的新型自恢复锁存器

针对单粒子翻转(SEU)的问题,提出了一种容SEU的新型自恢复锁存器。采用1P-2N单元、输入分离的钟控反相器以及C单元,使得锁存器对SEU能够实现自恢复,可用于时钟门控电路。采用高速通路设计和钟控设计,以减小延迟和降低功耗。相比于HLR-CG1,HLR-CG2,TMR,HiPer-CG锁存器,该锁存器的功耗平均下降了44.40%,延迟平均下降了81%,功耗延迟积(PDP)平均下降了94.20%,面积开销平均减少了1.80%。