青岛体育中心体育场主体结构动力特性测试

采用现场脉动测试方法对青岛体育中心体育场结构的动力特性进行了测试,获得了结构的振动频率与振型阻尼比,并与理论分析模型进行了对比,测试结果表明体育场结构的频率非常密集,主要振动频率分布在3 Hz~12 Hz间,阻尼比实测值在1%~4%之间,测试结果可供类似结构设计与分析参考。     

北京工人体育场看台混凝土结构振动特性现场试验研究

准确把握建筑楼盖结构的动力特性是结构设计和健康监测研究的重要工作。在介绍基于运行模态分析法的结构模态参数识别方法的基础上，以北京工人体育场项目为例，采用有节奏运动人群激励对体育场直线T型板和弧线T型板进行了振动检测，采用脉动法对体育场看台混凝土结构进行了振动检测，获得了看台板及看台结构的振动加速度数据，并利用频域识别方法进行了模态参数识别。结果表明：体育场直线T型板、弧线T型板固有频率分别分布在5.94、11.88Hz附近，分别属于中、高频板。体育场看台结构悬挑端固有频率主要分布在4.3～9.38Hz之间，看台结构设计满足《建筑楼盖结构振动舒适度技术标准》(JGJ/T 441—2019)要求。体育场高区南北向栈桥区域看台悬挑端固有频率较低，建议现场应避免长期使用频率为4.3、2.15Hz附近的音乐。     

环境激励下某轻型木结构校舍动力特性研究

通过对汶川地震后重建的中国第一所轻型木结构校舍进行跟踪测试,获取结构在环境激励下的加速度响应,分析得到结构的模态参数(自振频率、振型、阻尼比)。汶川地震十周年之际,再次进行测试,利用频域分解法对采集的加速度响应进行分析,得到了宿舍楼、教学楼、食堂的前两阶模态,并将结果与九年前该结构刚投入使用时测得的动力特性进行比较。结果表明:三栋单体结构在使用过程中基本自振频率均略有降低,渗水较为严重的宿舍楼自振频率下降最多,下降了15%,且第二阶振型由原横向振动变为扭转;由抗震缝分隔开的教学楼三个区域的振动之间存在较弱的相互影响;此次测试较首次测试增加了测点数量,识别到了更低的模态;实测得到的阻尼比均小于5%。     

防屈曲支撑结构动力特性测试与分析

基于振动测试理论,对某未加固框架结构与采用防屈曲支撑加固后结构进行了连续振动响应测试,利用测试结果研究了加固前后结构的振型、阻尼比、频率等动力特性,并对其进行了对比分析。根据动力特性结果定量分析了该结构采用防屈曲支撑加固后的抗震性能,对其消能减震加固效果进行了评价,以期为同类型工程的振动测试分析提供可借鉴的参考。     

基于分布式同步采集的赛格大厦结构动力学参数识别

在大型复杂工程结构上进行现场模态测试时,由于结构规模体量大并存在空间隔断,导致数据采集设备与传感器之间快速布设数据传输线困难。因此,有必要解决不同位置分布式同步采集设备时间精确同步问题,研发易于快速安装的分布式数据采集和无线传输设备。为此,提出基于“北斗”卫星授时的结构振动分布式同步采集算法,集成分布式同步采集硬件与研发数据在线采集和无线传输软件,获取大型复杂工程结构不同空间位置时间同步动态响应,基于随机子空间算法自动识别工程结构服役状态下真实的模态参数。在赛格大厦振动事件溯源工作中,该系统成功捕捉到5月20日12:00—13:00结构共振时第69层与桅杆底部的加速度响应,发现四次共振均以频率2.12 Hz振动主导。基于该系统在环境激励条件下的现场模态测试,识别结构前19阶动力学参数,发现频率2.12 Hz是主体结构弯扭耦合和桅杆面内对称振动模态。基于现场激振测试识别频率2.12 Hz对应的阻尼比,发现阻尼比随着振幅的增加突然减小然后逐步增加,较低的阻尼比是导致赛格大厦发生共振的原因之一。     

振动频率对饱和砂卵石土动模量和动阻尼比影响的试验研究

通过饱和砂卵石土室内动三轴试验，将不同振动频率对动模量和动阻尼比的影响进行了较为细致的研究，分析了饱和砂卵石土的动力特性随振动频率的变化规律。试验结果表明，振动频率的改变对动模量没有显著的影响，但是在总体上来说阻尼比随振动频率增大而减小。     

某体育场看台结构抗震设计

介绍体育场看台抗震设计中的问题,并结合工程实际,对8度区某体育场混凝土看台进行超限分析,简述体育场看台结构中的超限判定及加强措施,弹塑性时程分析及性能化目标的设定,为解决类似工程问题提供了经验。     

加荷频率对土体动力特性影响的试验分析

通过在不同的振动频率情况下,试验场地土的应力-应变曲线、动模量曲线和阻尼比曲线与振动频率的关系,讨论了振动频率对粘性土的动力特性的影响。结果表明:在这4种频率作用下,粘性土的动本构关系均服从双曲线模型;振动频率在应变较小时对土的动模量影响较小、在应变较大时影响较大;振动频率对于粘性土的阻尼比则具有较大的影响。     

压扭耦合作用下粉砂土的双向动模量与阻尼比研究

为了研究振动频率和相位差对粉砂土双向动模量和阻尼比的影响,利用空心圆柱扭剪仪进行了一系列轴向与扭转向双向动荷载耦合作用的试验。结果表明:双向动荷载耦合作用下,振动频率和相位差对轴向动应力-应变关系曲线和扭转向的剪应力-应变关系曲线均有一定影响。振动频率和相位差对粉砂土的动剪切模量没有影响,只是相位差q=90°的初始动剪切模量最大。振动频率和相位差对粉砂土动压缩模量有一定影响,同一动应变处的动压缩模量随振动频率的增加先增大后减小,相位差q=0°时动压缩模量最大,q=90°的最小。振动频率对于粉砂土的动剪切阻尼比和动压缩阻尼比均没有影响,但是相位差对动剪切阻尼比和动压缩阻尼比都有较显著的影响,达到相同剪应变时,q=0°和180°时的动剪切阻尼比基本重合且明显高于q=90°的动剪切阻尼比;而相位差q=90°时的动压缩阻尼比在动应变达到0.1%之后增加较快,显著大于其他相位差的阻尼比。     

单人姿态、体重对人-结构耦合系统竖向动力特性影响试验研究

人与结构之间的相互作用被称为人-结构系统的耦合作用。利用自制钢结构简支桥模型,测试了单人站姿、坐姿、蹲姿3种不同姿态下人-结构耦合系统的竖向动力特性,并分析了被测者姿态、体重对人-结构耦合系统竖向动力特性影响规律。分析表明,单人站姿、坐姿会明显降低结构第一阶竖向振动频率,单人蹲姿则会提高结构第一阶竖向振动频率。单人站姿、坐姿、蹲姿3种人体姿态均能提高结构第一阶竖向模态阻尼比,其中站姿提升最大、坐姿其次、蹲姿最小。对于同一结构模型,被测者体重与结构第一阶竖向振动频率、结构第一阶模态阻尼比均呈显著的负相关性,即体重越大,其峰值越小。     

荷载频率对动模量阻尼比影响的试验研究

目前荷载频率对动模量阻尼比影响规律尚无较为统一认识,定量结果尚少。采用新型高精度动三轴仪试验,研究不同荷载频率对典型砂土和黏土动模量阻尼比影响问题,并以此为基础从对地震动影响角度讨论考虑荷载频率相关动模量阻尼比必要性。结果表明:对砂土而言,荷载频率对其动剪切模量影响不大,随着加载频率的增大,阻尼比略有减小,但差别基本可以忽略;对黏土而言,荷载频率对其动剪切模量和阻尼比有重要影响,随着振动频率的增加,动剪切模量增大,阻尼比减小;黏土参考剪应变随荷载频率增大而增大,二者呈递增的指数函数,当f≤1 Hz时,影响十分明显,当1 Hzf≤3 Hz时,有一定影响,当f3Hz时,影响不明显;黏土最大阻尼比随频率的增大而减小,二者呈递减的指数函数,当f≤10 Hz时,影响较为明显,当f10 Hz时,影响程度显著减弱;采用两组频率下模量阻尼比曲线计算黏土层地震动,地表加速度峰值和反应谱差别很大,且随着震动增强而显著增大,说明考虑黏土层动模量阻尼比的荷载频率相关性是十分必要的。     

环境风激励下的深圳平安金融中心模态参数识别

对高度600 m的超高层建筑——深圳平安金融中心在外界环境风激励下的风振响应进行了现场实测。通过安装在塔楼118层的2组加速度传感器测得结构的风致加速度响应,采用经验模态分解法（EMD）与随机减量技术（RDT）相结合的方法计算了结构的自振频率和阻尼比。建立了深圳平安金融中心三维有限元模型,通过有限元分析得出结构的自振频率,并与实测结果进行对比。结果表明:由EMD和RDT相结合的方法计算得出结构1阶横弯自振频率约为0.12 Hz,阻尼比为0.3%~0.6%;结构1阶扭转自振频率约为0.28 Hz,阻尼比为0.8%~1.0%;深圳平安金融中心实测结构自振频率和阻尼比与其他结构高度相似的超高层建筑实测结果相近,且实测结果和有限元分析结果吻合较好,验证了EMD和RDT结合方法分析超高层建筑模态参数的有效性;测试结果可以为超高层建筑设计和相关研究提供依据。     

附加与不附加粘滞阻尼墙的RC框架对比振动台试验研究

本文阐述了附加与不附加粘滞阻尼墙的两个相同的RC框架模型模拟地震振动台对比试验的情况。这两个钢筋混凝土框架模型为三层一跨两开间,几何相似关系大致为1∶2。首先进行力学性能试验,认识粘滞阻尼墙的耗能能力,得到其力学性能计算公式;然后将阻尼墙附加到一个RC框架模型当中,先后对附加与不附加阻尼墙的两个相同的RC框架模型进行振动台试验。试验结果表明,附加阻尼墙以后,框架模型的第1自振频率由1.66Hz提高到1.94Hz,第1振型阻尼比由2.4%提高到20.9%;在较小和中等加速度峰值的不同地震波作用下,结构的楼层位移反应、加速度反应和层间剪力都有不同程度的减小;输入结构的地震能量有大约60%~70%被阻尼墙吸收、耗散。在同样强烈的地震作用下,附加阻尼墙的耗能框架模型破坏较轻,不附加阻尼墙的普通框架模型破坏严重。     

Evaluation of the damping ratio of soils in a resonant column using different methods

This paper addresses the differences between two approaches of damping estimation in the resonant column testing: Steady-State Vibration (SSV) and Free Vibration Decay (FVD) method, at small (<0.005%) to medium (0.07%) strain range. The tests were conducted on “two types of reconstituted sands” and “two types of clayey soils” at different relative densities and confining pressures. The test results suggested to use the SSV method in small strain damping measurement and the FVD method (two or three successive cycles) in medium strain damping measurement. A systematic decrease in the damping with the increasing number of cycles was observed up to a certain strain level in the FVD method. Furthermore, the effects of relative density, confining pressures, soil types on the damping ratio derived from the two methods for the chosen soils were studied. The results showed that the damping ratio of clayey soils exhibits a little higher value than those of sandy soils.     

Vibration control using ATMD and site measurements on the Shanghai World Financial Center Tower

The Shanghai World Financial Center Tower is the tallest landmark building in mainland China, with a height of 492 m. In order to mitigate wind‐induced vibration, a set of two identical damping devices was installed at the 90th floor. The damping devices are active tuned mass dampers: under wind loading, the active control feature is enabled, while the active control feature becomes disabled under earthquake conditions, and the damping devices function as passive tuned mass dampers. The dynamic parameters of the damping devices, structural analysis results and field measurement results under different vibration scenarios are presented in this paper. The analysis and field measurement results show that the damping devices performed well and had the following characteristics: they increased the damping ratio up to eight times in field measurements and reduced the wind acceleration response up to 60% when wind speed is below the designed value in the analysis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Response of a 42-storey steel-frame building to the Ms = 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake

A set of 14 acceleration records was obtained from a 42-storey steel-frame building, the Chevron Building, in San Francisco during the M_s = 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake of 17 October 1989. Data were analysed using a system identification method based on the discretetime linear filtering, and the least-squares estimation techniques. The results show that the response of the building is dominated by two modes: a translational mode in the weaker (southwest-northeast) principal direction of the building at 0.16 Hz with 5% damping, and a translational-torsional mode along the east-west diagonal of the building's cross-section at 0.20 Hz with 7% damping. There are significant contributions from higher modes at 0.54 Hz, 0.62 Hz, 1.02 Hz and 1.09 Hz. All the modes incorporate some torsion, but the amplitudes of torsional components are small, about 10% of translational amplitudes. Soil-structure interaction influences the vibrations near 1.0 Hz. The contribution of soil-structure interaction to the peak displacements of the building is significant, particularly at lower floors.     

Response of a 42-storey steel-frame building to the Ms = 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake

A set of 14 acceleration records was obtained from a 42-storey steel-frame building, the Chevron Building, in San Francisco during the M_s = 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake of 17 October 1989. Data were analysed using a system identification method based on the discretetime linear filtering, and the least-squares estimation techniques. The results show that the response of the building is dominated by two modes: a translational mode in the weaker (southwest-northeast) principal direction of the building at 0.16 Hz with 5% damping, and a translational-torsional mode along the east-west diagonal of the building's cross-section at 0.20 Hz with 7% damping. There are significant contributions from higher modes at 0.54 Hz, 0.62 Hz, 1.02 Hz and 1.09 Hz. All the modes incorporate some torsion, but the amplitudes of torsional components are small, about 10% of translational amplitudes. Soil-structure interaction influences the vibrations near 1.0 Hz. The contribution of soil-structure interaction to the peak displacements of the building is significant, particularly at lower floors.     

Numerical analysis of vehicle-bridge coupling vibration concerning nonlinear stress-dependent damping

Damping is known to have a considerable influence on the dynamic behavior of bridges. The fixed damping ratios recommended in design codes do not necessarily represent the complicated damping characteristics of bridge structures. This study investigated the application of stress-dependent damping associated with vehicle-bridge coupling vibration and based on that investigation proposed the stress-dependent damping ratio. The results of the investigation show that the stress-dependent damping ratio is significantly different from the constant damping ratio (5%) defined in the standard specification. When vehicles travel at speeds of 30, 60, and 90, the damping ratios of the bridge model are 3.656%, 3.658%, and 3.671%, respectively. The peak accelerations using the regular damping ratio are 18.9%, 21.3%, and 14.5% of the stress-dependent damping ratio, respectively. When the vehicle load on the bridge is doubled, the peak acceleration of the mid-span node increases by 5.4 times, and the stress-related damping ratio increases by 2.1%. A corrugated steel-web bridge is being used as a case study, and the vibration response of the bridge is compared with the measured results. The acceleration response of the bridge which was calculated using the stress-dependent damping ratio is significantly closer to the measured acceleration response than that using the regular damping ratio.     

加载频率对粘性土动力特性影响的试验研究

通过在不同的振动频率1Hz、4Hz、8Hz、10Hz情况下,研究了粘性土的应力应变曲线、动模量曲线和阻尼比曲线与振动频率的关系,讨论了振动频率对粘性土的动力特性的影响。结果表明：在这四种频率作用下,粘性土的动本构关系均服从双曲线模型;振动频率在应变较小时对土的动模量影响较小、在应变较大时影响较大;振动频率对于粘性土的阻尼比则具有较大的影响。