基于ZnO纳米线的酪胺酸霉生物传感器研究

用简单的气相传输法制备了尺度均匀的ZnO纳米线,它具有高等电点、优良的生物兼容性、良好的电子传输特性等优点。基于这些优良特性,酪胺酸霉被稳定的固定于这种纳米材料的表面,进而构建了用于苯酚类物质探测的生物传感器。电化学测试表明这种生物传感器具有高灵敏度、快速响应等优点,可用于环境监测、人体健康等领域。     

国外纳米生物传感器研究新进展

<正>生物传感器是对生物物质敏感并将其浓度转换为电信号进行检测的仪器,是由固定化的生物敏感材料作识别元件(包括酶、抗体、抗原、微生物、细胞、组织、核酸等生物活性物质)与适当的理化换能器(如氧电极、光敏管、场效应管、压电晶体等等)及信号放大装置构成的分析工具或系统。纳米     

纳米生物传感器的研究进展

本文简要概括了纳米材料在生物传感器中的应用，综述了近年来各类纳米生物传感器的研究进展，包括纳米颗粒生物传感器，纳米管生物传感器，纳米线、纳米棒生物传感器、纳米纤维生物传感器。     

纳米金在电化学生物传感器中的应用研究进展

近年来,纳米技术的发展为生物传感器的研究注入了新的活力。纳米金由于其独特的光、电学性质、良好的生物相容性、较好的稳定性等特点,可用于分子标记、检测信号放大等方面,从而可以大大改善生物传感器的检测速度、灵敏度、及稳定性。介绍了生物传感器的原理、分类及发展历程、着重阐述了纳米金在电化学生物传感器领域的应用,并对其应用前景做了展望。     

美开发纳米材料结构分析新法

美国能源部Brookhaven国家实验室、中密歇根大学和密歇根州立大学的科学家们，日前用自行开发的材料结构分析方法发现了一种纳米物质的三维分子结构。科学家认为，这种材料在改进太阳能电池、生物传感器及电视和电脑显示屏等方面具有广阔的应用前景。该成果近日在《美国化学会志》网络版上发表。     

细菌视紫红质在生物传感器中的应用进展

生物传感器是生物敏感材料、理化换能器与电信号放大装置等多学科交叉的综合集成技术装置.典型的生物传感器以特异性感知的生物活性材料作为敏感元件,结合基于微电子器件的物理化学换能器和调理电路,实现生物敏感信息的电信号转换及放大.换能器的灵敏度、抗干扰能力等因素直接影响生物传感器的性能.从嗜盐菌中提取的细菌视紫红质是一种具有良好光敏特性的生物材料,可直接将光信号转化成电信号,从而实现将敏感元件和换能器合二为一的功能,已广泛应用于多种生物传感器中.细菌视紫红质的感光灵敏度和稳定性适用于开发具有颜色灵敏度的光传感器,最早的应用方向是人工视网膜;其光敏感和换能一体化特性可实现使用单个传感元件进行光学运动检测的功能,应用可扩展到运动传感领域.除了在视觉传感领域的应用,细菌视紫红质在病原体检测、水体pH检测、细胞膜电位检测等领域均表现出良好的灵敏性、稳定性和特异性.其不仅在生物传感领域具有应用价值,而且为半导体传感方法的研究提供了新途径.本文在简述细菌视紫红质的质子泵和光电响应特性等基本功能的基础上,阐述了细菌视紫红质构建生物传感器的应用进展,分析了不同传感器的特点,以期为细菌视紫红质的机理及其应用研究提供参考.     

聚合物在生物传感器中的应用研究进展

综述了近年来高分子材料在生物传感器的应用研究进展，介绍了高分子复合物，水凝胶，溶胶－凝胶，改性聚合物，电生聚合物，氧化还原聚合物，离子交换聚合物和具有特殊结构的聚合物在酶和电子媒介体固定化方面的应用以及由其制备的生物传感器的性能，对应用于生物传感器的高分子材料的分类，制备方法和原理及其特性进行了深入的探讨，并指出了目前其存在的主要问题及解决方法，对高分子材料在生物传感器中的应用前景予以展望。     

纳米科技在生物传感器中的应用研究

纳米科技（nanometer technology）是在1～100nm尺度上研究物质的结构和性质的多学科交叉的前沿技术，它是用单个原子、分子制造物质的科学技术，纳米材料从根本上改变了材料的结构，被公认为是21世纪最具有前途的科研领域之一。而生物传感器横跨生物、化学、物理、信息等领域，综合了生物科技、材料技术、纳米技术、微电子技术等，广泛应用于医学、食物、环境、分析等领域，更是当今学科发展的前沿，引起世界各国的广泛重视。     

生物传感器在农业物联网中的应用

食品安全问题关系到人民的身体健康和生命安全,利用农业物联网可以在技术上解决食品生产过程的监控问题,生物传感器是一种利用生物物质作为识别元件,待测物质与生物物质发生生物学反应,产生的信息被物理或化学转换器转变成可定量的物理、化学信号并输出的装置,拥有一系列其他传感器所不具备的特殊性能,在农业物联网中具有广阔的应用前景。     

导电高聚物在生物传感器中的应用

综述了导电高聚物用于生物传感器的研究进展。在简要介绍生物传感器原理、特点的基础上，概要回顾了生物传感器中运用导电高聚物如聚苯胺（PANI）、聚噻吩（PTH）和聚吡咯（PPy）进行电极化学修饰的基本方法，着重综述了近年来在荧光生物传感器中导电高分子如聚苯撑乙烯（PPV）、聚芴（PF）等水溶性衍生物应用的研究进展，分别对基于水溶性共轭高分子荧光淬灭及荧光共振能量转移（FRET）生物传感器等提高灵敏度和选择性的原理、特点和具体实例进行了介绍，并对导电高聚物生物传感器的研究做了展望。     

The human-based multisensor fusion method for artificial nose andtongue sensor data

Presently, an increased interest is apparent for the development of integrated human-like smell and taste sensing capabilities, e.g. for chemical, paper pulp, food, and medicine applications. This paper will present an original sensor fusion method based on human expert opinions about smell and taste and measurement data from artificial nose and taste sensors. The “electronic nose” consists of an array of gas sensors with different selectivity patterns, signal handling, and a sensor signal pattern recognition and decision strategy. The “electronic tongue”, which was developed for the taste analysis of liquids is based on pulse voltammetry. Measurement data from the artificial smell and taste sensors are used to produce sensor-specific opinions about these two human-like sensing modalities. This is achieved by a team of artificial neural networks and conventional signal handling which approximates a Bayesian decision strategy for classifying the sensor information. Further, a fusion algorithm based on the maximum likelihood principle provides a combination of the smell and, respectively, taste opinions, into an overall integrated opinion similar to human beings. The proposed integrated smell- and taste-sensing method is then illustrated by an application of real world measurements in the food industry     

Polyvinyl alcohol-cellulose composite: a taste sensing material

There are reports of fabrication of taste sensor by adsorbing lipids into Millipore filter paper. With this lipid based sensor, it has been found that the taste sensing efficiency of membrane can be remarkably improved. We have made an attempt to prepare taste sensor material by using functionalized polymer without any lipid. PVA-cellulose composite has been modified to use as the sensor material. The research work covers polymer membrane preparation, morphology study and structural characterization of the membrane and study of the taste sensing characteristics of this membrane for five different taste substances. PVA-cellulose composite membrane was modified by phosphorylation with POCl₃. FTIR spectroscopic analysis, XRD analysis and SEM were done to get an idea about the structure and morphology of the prepared phosphorylated PVA-cellulose composite membrane. The sensor characteristics like temporal stability, response stability, response to different taste substances, and reproducibility of sensing performance were studied using phosphorylated PVA-cellulose composite membrane. Sensor device prepared with this membrane has shown distinct response patterns for different taste substances in terms of membrane potential. Threshold concentrations of phosphorylated PVA-cellulose composite membrane for HCl, NaCl, Q-HCl, sucrose and MSG are 0001 mM, 0.001 mM, 0.001 mM, 0.001 mM and 0.009 mM, respectively. The threshold concentrations are below human threshold concentrations. Membranes also showed characteristic response patterns for organic acids like acetic acid, citric acid, formic acid etc, mineral acids like HCl, H₂SO₄ and HNO₃ salts, bitter substances, sweet substances and umami substances. Sensor device prepared with this membrane has excellent shelf life.     

Smart chemical taste sensor for determination and prediction of taste qualities based on a two-phase optimized radial basis function network

A novel, smart, chemical taste sensor that realistically mimics the behavior of the human gustatory system is described. The taste sensor consists of an array of electrochemical sensors that represent the gustatory receptors on the human tongue, and a two-phase optimized radial basis function network (RBFN) to represent the human brain, which comprehensively analyzes the gustatory stimulation and judges the overall taste. In the illustrated model, eight electrodes were fabricated to determine the eight major taste-causing substances, Na+, K+, Cl-, H+, sucrose, glucose, glutamate, and caffeine. The detected signals were fed to a two-phase RBFN optimized by the implementation of a basis optimization algorithm and weight decay term for appropriate data processing. The first phase of the two-phase RBFN quantifies the amount of taste-causing substances in food samples from the responses of the electrodes. These results are then fed to the second phase, which correlates the amount of substances with the overall taste. The final output is scored on a scale of 1-5 for each of the five basic tastes sensed by the human gustatory system, which are saltiness, sourness, sweetness, bitterness, and umami. The constructed network estimated the intensity of the basic tastes of 30 drink varieties with an average relative error of 7.0% compared to the human scores. The network could also estimate the variance in the human sensory perception. Moreover, the sensor successfully predicted the interactions of tastes such as suppression of bitterness by sweetness and enhancement of umami by saltiness, which are illusions sensed by the human gustatory system. With these abilities, the novel taste sensor can be considered as a quantitative yet humanlike sensor with a great potential for practical applications.     

Performance of a compact, hybrid optical evanescent-wave sensor for chemical and biological applications

We describe a hybrid evanescent-wave sensor component that we fabricated by using an integrated optical interferometer with a specially adapted photodetector array. The design of the interferometer is based on the use of tapered waveguides to obtain two intersecting collimated beams. Phase shifts can be measured with an angular precision of better than 10(-3) rad, which corresponds to a superstrate index change inferior of 10(-6) with our structure. The interest in the device as a chemical sensor is experimentally demonstrated. The same optical component could be used in a variety of other sensor applications, e.g., biological and immunological sensors.     

Large-scale remotely interrogated arrays of fiber-optic interferometric sensors for underwater acoustic applications

The fiber-optic interferometric acoustic sensor array has established itself as a potential alternative to the conventional sonar array based on electroceramic transducers. In this paper, we discuss all the aspects of a large-scale fiber-optic interferometric sensor array. We review the basic operating principles of the fiber-optic interferometric sensor, signal processing, and multiplexing techniques, we present results from a noise model for a full size system, and we determine the benefit of incorporating a remotely-pumped optical amplifier in the array. As a practical example we describe the design and construction of a prototype array with 96 hydrophones incorporating a remotely pumped erbium-doped fiber amplifier, called the fiber-optic bottom mounted array, which is based on a dense wavelength division and time division multiplexed architecture. These arrays have applications in military sonar and seismic surveying.     

电涡流传感器阵列测试技术

针对采用扁平柔性电涡流传感器阵列实现大面积金属曲面部件位置实时监测,对电涡流传感器的阵列测试技术进行了研究.采用一种基于时分多路的电涡流阵列测试的方法,通过对传感器探头和测试电路的合理设计,使系统电路得到简化,减小阵列单元之间的串扰,提高传感器系统的测试性能,实现了电涡流传感器阵列的快速、高精度测量.     

Electronic Nose for Black Tea Classification and Correlation of Measurements With “Tea Taster” Marks

Tea is an extensively consumed beverage worldwide with an expanding market. The major quality attributes of tea are flavor, aroma, color, and strength. Out of these, flavor and aroma are the most important attributes. Human experts called ldquotea tastersrdquo conventionally evaluate tea quality, and they usually assign scores to samples of tea that are under evaluation on a scale of 1 to 10, depending on the flavor, the aroma, and the taste of the sample. This paper presents a study where, first, the selection of appropriate sensors was carried out based on sensitivity with the major aroma-producing chemicals of black tea. Then, this sensor array was exposed to black tea samples that were collected from the tea gardens in India, and the computational model has been developed based on artificial neural network methods to correlate the measurements with the tea taster's scores. With unknown tea samples, encouraging results have been obtained with a more than 90% classification rate.     

Sensitivity enhancement of grating interferometer based two-dimensional sensor arrays using two-wavelength readout

Diffraction gratings integrated with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors offer displacement measurements with subnanometer sensitivity. However, the sensitivity of the interferometric readout may drop significantly based on the gap between the grating and the reference surface. A two-wavelength (2-λ) readout method was previously tested using a single MEMS sensor for illustrating increased displacement measurement capability. This work demonstrates sensitivity enhancement on a sensor array with large scale parallelization (~20,000 sensors). The statistical representation, which is developed to model sensitivity enhancement within a grating based sensor array, is supported by experimental results using a thermal sensor array. In the experiments, two lasers at different wavelengths (633 and 650 nm) illuminate the thermal sensor array from the backside, time-sequentially. The diffracted first order light from the array is imaged onto a single CCD camera. The target scene is reconstructed by observing the change in the first diffracted order diffraction intensity for both wavelengths. Merging of the data from two measurements with two lasers was performed by taking the larger of the two CCD measurements with respect to the reference image for each sensor. ~30% increase in the average sensitivity was demonstrated for a 160×120 pixel IR sensor array. Proposed architecture is also applicable to a variety of sensing applications, such as parallel biosensing and atomic force microscopy, for improved displacement measurements and enhanced sensitivity.     

Sagnac-type fiber-optic array sensor for detection of bulk ultrasonic waves

In this paper, we describe a fiber optic array sensor suitable for detection of bulk ultrasonic waves. This sensor is based on an intrinsic fiber optic Sagnac interferometer. The fiber array is formed by multiple folding of a continuous length of an optical fiber into flat coils. Depending on the orientation of the fiber array with respect to the ultrasonic wave, the proposed sensor can act as a conventional in-phase detector or as a narrowband detector. In the narrowband mode, the center frequency of detection can be tuned by adjusting the spacing of the fiber array elements to be equal to the ultrasonic wavelength of interest. This feature distinguishes this array sensor from conventional hydrophones in which a receiver is typically much smaller than the acoustical wavelength. It is shown that the array sensor provides an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared with a single element detection scheme. Results are presented for detection of ultrasonic waves in water arising from both piezoelectric and laser ultrasonic sources. Potential areas of application of this sensor include process monitoring, smart structures, bio-medical ultrasound, and chemical sensing.     

长线阵联合阵形估计系统研究

针对长线阵易发生阵形畸变问题,提出一种基于非声传感器和水动力模型求解的联合阵形估计系统。该系统在充分利用非声传感器信息的基础上,进一步根据拖线阵水动力模型,求解实时阵形,实现阵形估计。仿真实验及数据分析表明,与传统的阵形估计算法相比,该系统的估计精度提高10%以上,对工程实践具有较高的指导意义。