LZ50钢低温离子渗硫转动微动摩擦学性能研究

在LZ50钢表面进行低温离子渗硫处理,研究了渗硫层及LZ50钢基体在干态不同角位移幅值下的转动微动磨损行为.在对渗硫层及LZ50钢基体转动微动摩擦动力学特性分析的基础上,对其转动微动损伤行为进行了分析.结果表明:渗硫层结构主要由FeS和FeS2相组成;渗硫层及LZ50钢基体的转动微动运行区域强烈依赖于转动角位移幅值,呈现部分滑移和完全滑移两个微动区域,混合区未观察到,且渗硫层未改变LZ50钢基体的微动运行区域;在整个部分滑移区和滑移区的跑合阶段,由于渗硫层的固体润滑作用,使摩擦因数均低于LZ50钢基材;渗硫层可以显著降低基材的磨损,在部分滑移区损伤轻微,在滑移区的损伤机制主要表现为剥层、磨粒磨损和氧化磨损.     

激光淬火层的转动微动磨损行为

利用激光淬火技术在LZ50钢表面形成淬火层.对激光淬火层及其基体材料(LZ50钢)在干态不同角位移幅值下进行了转动微动磨损试验,并采用扫描电子显微镜、电子能谱仪和形貌仪对磨斑进行微观分析.结果表明:与基材相比,激光淬火层在滑移区的运行范围向右移动,部分滑移区的运行范围缩小.激光淬火层降低了基体的摩擦系数,并提高了基体的耐磨性.在部分滑移区,激光淬火层损伤轻微;滑移区,激光淬火层的损伤主要表现为磨粒磨损.     

钢表面多元共渗改性层的微动磨损行为研究

利用低温气体多元共渗技术将碳、氮、硫、氧元素同时渗入LZ50钢表面形成改性层.在对改性层进行表征的基础上,研究了改性层及LZ50钢基体在干态不同位移幅值下的微动磨损行为及其动力学特性,并采用扫描电子显徼镜和轮廓仪对磨痕形貌进行了分析.结果表明:制备的多元共渗改性层厚度约60 μm,基本由疏松层,化合物层和扩散层组成,化合物层硬度最高,为典型的高硬度多孔结构;改性层改变了LZ50钢的微动运行区域,使得混合区的范围缩小,滑移区向小位移方向移动;由于疏松层的固体润滑作用,与基体LZ50钢相比,在微动初期摩擦因数较低;多元共渗改性层可以显著降低LZ50钢的磨损,在部分滑移区损伤轻微,在混合区和滑移区,改性层的损伤主要表现为剥层和磨粒磨损.     

超音速火焰喷涂WC-27CrNi涂层转动微动摩擦学行为

利用超音速火焰喷涂技术在LZ50钢基材表面制备WC-27Cr Ni涂层。对WC-27Cr Ni涂层及其基体材料在干态不同角位移幅值下进行转动微动磨损试验,并利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和3D轮廓仪对磨痕进行微观分析。试验结果表明:与基材相比,WC-27Cr Ni涂层在部分滑移区的运行范围向左移动,滑移区的运行范围增大。在部分滑移区,涂层的摩擦系数呈"跑和-爬升-稳定"3个阶段,明显低于基材,且损伤十分轻微;滑移区,涂层剥落的硬质颗粒使得稳定阶段摩擦系数高于基材,磨损机制为磨粒磨损、氧化磨损和剥层。     

接触载荷对TC4钛合金微动磨损行为的影响

目的在不同的载荷和位移幅值下,结合微动图研究微动接触状态、滑移状态、损伤体积三者对微动摩擦磨损的影响以及不同微动接触状态和滑移状态下材料的损伤机理,为机械构件的微动磨损防护设计提供一定的理论支持。方法在相对湿度为50%、干摩擦条件下,运用SRV-V摩擦实验机,采用球/平面接触形式研究了TC4钛合金/GCr15钢球摩擦副的微动摩擦磨损行为。实验后,用原子力显微镜、纳米压痕仪、三维光学轮廓仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜及其自带的EDS,测试TC4试样的表面形貌及粗糙度、弹性模量与硬度、磨损体积与截面形貌和显微结构及磨斑、磨屑形貌成分等。结果在较低法向载荷下,完全滑移(GSR)占主导地位。磨粒磨损、粘着磨损、氧化磨损以及疲劳脱层是主要的损伤机理。另一方面,在较高法向载荷下,混合滑移(MSR)、部分滑移(PSR)占主导地位。损伤机制是由于高的应力集中,导致疲劳裂纹。此外,不同的微动运行条件下和材料损伤区域也不相同。完全滑移条件下,损伤主要集中在磨斑中心,而部分滑移条件下,损伤主要集中在磨斑边缘。结论切向摩擦力、微动振幅是影响微动磨损的重要因素。小位移幅值下,磨屑可以减缓接触面钛合金基体材料的微动磨损;而大位移幅值下,磨屑会加剧接触面基体材料的微动磨损。     

微动条件下CF8M阀门用钢的疲劳特性研究

通过弯曲微动疲劳实验,分析了CF8M钢在不同弯曲载荷下的疲劳特性。结果表明,不同于常规疲劳,试验钢的S-N曲线出现"C"曲线特性;微动区由混合区、滑移区和部分滑移区三个区域组成,且处于混合区的阀门磨损最严重,使用期限最短;试验钢的弯曲微动疲劳存在磨粒磨损、剥层和氧化磨损三种磨损机制,部分滑移区产生的损伤最小。     

等离子渗氮与喷丸强化复合改进钛合金抗微动损伤性能

利用直流脉冲等离子电源装置对Ti6A14V钛合金表面渗氮处理,研究了渗氮层的相组成、硬度分布、韧度及摩擦学性能,采用喷丸形变强化(SP)对渗氮层进行后处理,以达到联合提高钛合金微动疲劳(FF)抗力的目的.研究结果表明:脉冲电源等离子技术可在钛合金表面获得由TiN、Ti2N、Ti2A1N等相组成的渗氮层,该改性层能够显著地提高钛合金常规磨损和微动磨损(FW)抗力,但降低了基材的FF抗力.渗氮层的减摩和抗磨性能与SP引入的表面残余压应力协同作用,使钛合金FF抗力超过了SP单独作用.提高渗氮层韧度对改善钛合金FF和FW性能均十分重要.     

35CrMo钢全滑移区微动磨损行为

采用自制微动磨损试验装置,研究了法向载荷F、位移幅值δd和循环次数N对35CrMo钢全滑移区室温微动磨损性能的影响,并对其磨损形式和损伤机理进行了探讨。结果表明,F、δd、N三参数共同影响35CrMo钢全滑移区微动磨损,磨损随一个参数的增加而加重;摩擦因数变化反应出试验初期磨损比较严重,随后磨损趋于平缓;经磨痕形貌分析,可见黏着磨损、磨粒磨损;磨损机制为剥层和第三体磨损机制。     

Ti6Al4V 合金在Saline溶液中的扭动微动磨损

在球/面接触中存在四种微动模式,即切向、径向、转动和扭动微动,在生理介质中扭动微动是人工关节失效的主要原因之一。本文成功建立了一种可在恒温液体介质中实现球/面接触扭动微动的新的试验系统。利用该系统,在37℃的Saline溶液中进行了钛合金/二氧化锆陶瓷球的扭动微动试验,详细讨论了扭动微动的运行行为和损伤机理。结果表明,扭动微动动力学行为在很大程度上取决于扭动角位移振幅和周期数。研究建立了扭动微动运行工况图（RCFM）,包括3个区域,即：部分滑移区（PSR）,混合区（MFR）和完全滑移区（SR）。在部分滑移区,接触中心没有发现任何损伤,接触边缘上只观察到轻微的擦伤和磨损。在混合区,损坏区域从接触边缘向中心扩展,接触中心无损伤,接触边缘区域出现氧化磨损和损伤。在滑移区,整个接触区域均发生损伤,损伤机理主要是磨蚀磨损、氧化磨损、和粘着磨损。     

离子渗氮对AISI304L不锈钢耐磨损性能的影响

对AISI 304L不锈钢在450和500 ℃离子渗氮处理进行了研究,分析了渗氮处理的析出相、硬度、厚度、冲蚀磨损和高压釜中微动磨损性能的变化。详细分析了渗氮试样在垂直粒子冲蚀下的耐冲蚀磨损性能,并探讨了其冲蚀磨损机制。结果表明：渗氮层有γ_N和CrN相析出;450和500 ℃下的渗层厚度分别为2和20 µm;渗氮层的硬度都高于1000 HK。渗氮试样在高压釜中的耐微动磨损性能有大幅度的提高,尤其是450 ℃离子渗氮处理的试样,比未处理试样提高了29.4倍。     

Friction and wear of 7075 aluminum alloy induced by torsional fretting

The torsional fretting wear tests of 7075 aluminum alloy flat against 52100 steel ball in dry condition were carried out on a new high-precision torsional fretting-wear tester.The kinetics behaviors and damage mechanism of 7075 aluminum alloy under different angular displacement amplitudes were investigated in detail.The results show that the torsional fretting running behaviors of 7075 aluminum alloy can be defined by three fretting regimes(i.e.partial slip regime(PSR),mixed fretting regime(MFR) and slip r...     

扭动微动磨损的研究进展和现状

扭动微动磨损是微动磨损的一种,文中介绍了国内外扭动微动磨损的研究进展及成果,综述了典型金属材料、高分子材料和天然软骨的扭动微动磨损的研究结果,包括扭动微动的摩擦运行行为、材料响应行为、界面的摩擦化学行为、损伤物理模型和演变规律等,对于不同种类材料在部分滑移区、混合区、滑移区的损伤规律进行了系统的总结,发现了扭动微动运行区域特性具有与其它模式的微动磨损不同的特点等一系列现象,并探讨了其今后的可能的发展方向和研究重点。     

钛及其合金的扭动微动摩擦磨损特性

采用新型扭动微动试验机在法向载荷为50、80和110 N及角位移幅值为0.3°~10°的条件下进行TA2和TC4合金与ZrO2对磨球的扭动微动试验。在摩擦动力学行为研究的基础上,结合磨痕形貌微观分析,考察TA2和TC4合金的扭动微动磨损特性。结果表明:可用摩擦扭矩—角位移曲线和摩擦扭矩时变曲线表征合金的扭动微动行为,获得了TA2和TC4合金的扭动微动运行工况微动图,TA2合金的混合区较TC4合金的宽。摩擦扭矩随法向载荷和角位移幅值的增加而增加,在相同试验条件下,TA2合金的摩擦扭矩始终大于TC4合金的。在部分滑移区,损伤轻微;在混合区和滑移区,损伤加剧,扭动微动摩擦磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损、氧化磨损和剥落。     

Influence of oil and water media on fretting behaviour of AISI 52100 steel rubbing against AISI 1045 steel

A series of fretting test were carried out using a DELTA PLINT testing system to study the influence of hydraulic oil and water on fretting behaviour of AISI 52100 steel rubbing against AISI 1045 steel. The test result shows that media hydraulic oil and water have a distinct influence on fretting behaviour of the tested materials. Medium water can lead to shifting of the partial slip regime in the fretting map from a larger displacement amplitude toward a smaller one and enlargement of the mixed slip regime, in comparison with that in ambient atmosphere. While medium hydraulic oil can result in shifting of the partial slip regime from a smaller displacement amplitude toward a larger one. In the gross slip regime, hydraulic oil and water play a positive role as lubrication media. They can clearly decrease the fretting friction coefficient between AISI 52100 and AISI 1045. The test result also demonstrates that this lubrication effect will get better with increasing displacement amplitude and that hydraulic oil is better than water for lubrication. SEM observation of the wear scars displays that the fretting wear mainly results from abrasive wear and delamination of the fretted materials when using these two kinds of substances as lubrication media.     

Fretting wear of micro-arc oxidation coating prepared on Ti6Al4V alloy

Micro-arc oxidation(MAO)coating was prepared on Ti6Al4V alloy surface and its characterizations were detected by Vickers hardness tester,profilometer,scanning electric microscope(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer(EDX)and X-ray diffractometer(XRD).Fretting wear behaviors of the coating and its substrate were comparatively tested without lubrication under varied displacement amplitudes(D)in a range of 3-40μm,constant normal load(Fn)of 300 N and frequency of 5 Hz.The results showed that the MAO coating,presenting rough and porous surface and high hardness,mainly consisted of rutile and anatase TiO2 phases.Compared with the substrate,the MAO coating could shift the mixed fretting regime(MFR)and slip regime(SR)to a direction of smaller displacement amplitude.In the partial slip regime(PSR),lower friction coefficients and slight damage appeared due to the coordination of elastic deformation of contact zones.In the MFR,the friction coefficient of the coating was lower than that of the substrate as a result of the prevention of plastic deformation by the hard ceramic surface.With the increase of the displacement amplitude,the degradation of the MAO coating and the substrate increased extremely.The fretting wear mechanisms of the coating were abrasive wear and delamination with some material transfer of specimen.In addition,the coating presented a better property for alleviating fretting wear.     

Torsional fretting corrosion behaviours of Ti6Al4V alloys in Hank’s simulated body fluid

ABSTRACT

Torsional fretting corrosion in a physiological medium is one of the main reasons that artificial joints fail. In this study, we carried out experiments on torsional fretting corrosion in Titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V) against Zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) ceramic balls under 37°C in a Hank’s simulated body fluid. During the tests, we recorded electrochemical corrosion parameters using an electrochemical analysis system in real-time. We analysed the torsional fretting dynamics behaviours, damage mechanisms, and electrochemical corrosion behaviours in detail using the micro-examinations of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), a profilometer, and an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). The results showed that the dynamics behaviours strongly depended upon the torsional angular displacement amplitude and the number of cycles. The friction torque increased with increases in the torsional angular displacement amplitude and normal load. We established a running condition fretting map (RCFM), which included three fretting running regimes: a partial slip regime (PSR), a mixed fretting regime (MFR), and a slip regime (SR). We determined that the influences of torsional fretting on electrochemical corrosion behaviours were strongly correlated to the angular displacement amplitude. Under large angular displacement amplitudes, the corrosion of the Ti6Al4V alloys in Hank’s simulated body fluids were accelerated by torsional fretting, especially during the initial stage of the test. However, when the angular displacement amplitude was smaller than 1°, the corrosion potentials and corrosion currents were almost invariable during the entire duration of the test. The damage to the Ti6Al4V alloy was the result of wear and corrosion. The wear mechanisms were attributable to delamination and abrasive wear in the three fretting regimes. We observed almost no damage on the contact centre and only slight scratches and wear on the contact edge in the PSR. In MFR testing, the damage zone extended to the contact centre and the sticking zone (which exhibited no damage) contracted to the contact centre with increases in the number of cycles. Ultimately, in MFR and SR testing, the damage mechanisms were primarily the result of abrasive wear, oxidation wear, tribochemical reactions, adhesion wear, and electrochemical corrosion.