北京奥运工程绿色施工示范项目——北京射击馆绿色建筑施工技术

北京射击馆工程建设过程中,通过对绿色建筑施工的策划、实施,减少了场地干扰,保护了周边环境,节约了大量资源,实现了工程质量、安全、文明、效益、环境综合目标;通过对人、机、料、法、环的控制,实现了环境与建筑的和谐,建筑与人的和谐,人与社会的和谐,取得了显著的经济和社会效益。     

国际玻璃钢发展呈2大趋势

世界建材工业相继发生了一系列重大的技术革命,极大地提高了劳动生产率和产品质量,扩大了生产规模,降低了产品热耗、能耗,有效控制了烟尘、粉尘、有害气体的排放,由此引发了世界建材工业快速发展,解决了全球对建材产品的巨大需求。在最近20年,世界建材工业新技术绝大部分是在上世纪几大创新技术的基础上开发或发展的,这些新技术包括降低热耗、提高自动化程度、扩大生产规模、利用废物、环境保护、产品深加工等方面。     

优美的环境 和谐的建筑——澳大利亚、新西兰城市建设管理经验和启示

为学习和借鉴澳大利亚、新西兰城市建设和管理的先进经验,近日我们一行对澳大利亚、新西兰城市建设和管理进行了考察,途经澳大利亚的悉尼、布里斯班、黄金海岸和首都堪培拉以及新西兰的奥克兰、罗托鲁阿、汉密尔顿等城市。通过考察,我们既充分领略了当地优美的自然风光和人文景观,又强烈感受到了不同价值文化的冲击,开阔了视野,拓宽了思路,更新了观念,看到了差距,学到了城市建设和管理方面的经验。     

香港印象--赴香港学习培训收获与体会

通过在香港一年的学习培训,了解了香港的社会、政治、经济、文化及市场运作,了解了香港建筑工程管理的特点,感受到香港人所表现出来的优良品质和拼搏奋斗意识、忧患意识、竞争意识、尊重人才的意识、创新意识;开阔了视野,更新了观念,增强了今后工作的信心。     

地板采暖的常见问题研讨

简要介绍了目前地板采暖的使用情况,列举了地板采暖的常见问题,分析了其发生的原因,提出了相应的解决方案,指出地板采暖具有舒适、高效、节能、热稳定性好、不占使用面积、运行费用低的特点.     

大面积混凝土金刚砂地坪监理控制要点

整体金刚砂地坪具有表面硬度高、密度大、耐磨、不生灰尘、不易剥离、经济、适用、范围广等优点。它摒弃了传统的混凝土基层与面层分开施工的做法,从而消除了因基层与面层结合不良而导致裂缝和空鼓的质量通病,简化了工序,缩短了施工周期,节约了人工费用,在工厂、仓库、跑道、码头等工程中得到越来越广泛的应用。     

市政道路施工中的常见问题及对策探究

从组织设计、施工工艺、施工管理、工程造价、建筑材料、施工工期、施工队伍七个方面入手,对市政道路施工中常见的问题进行了分析,并探讨了改善市政道路施工的有效对策,建立了系统化的管理手段,为市政道路顺利施工创造了条件。     

浅谈建筑的虚实及空间和时间

从空间相生、虚实相成的关系出发,引入了相对的存在体--建筑及雕塑,以音乐、光线、雕塑为例阐述了虚与实、空与间的关系,探讨了建筑如何用虚实、空间、有无来展现其特性,最后论述了有关时、空、间的随想.     

长大干线桥渡方案选择

对沿线地质、自然、人文、环境进行了分析,从结构受力、经济、景观、施工方式等方面进行了论述,提出了长大干线桥式选择的比较方法,尤其对方案的可行性进行了研究,达到了预期的效果,解决了长大干线桥式选择的问题。     

大国重器 节能先锋——徐工集团2014成套绿色节能道路机械新品挺进东北

正此次徐工重磅推出的"先进、可靠、节能、高效"成套绿色节能道路机械,不但提高了能源利用率,减少了油耗,进而为用户大幅降低了成本,而且降低了排放,保护了环境,以"节能环保"优势在市场竞争中占据了主动地位。     

海外石油项目环境合规性规范体系研究

海外石油项目的环境合规性管理意义重大,环境合规性管理的关键问题是识别合适的规范体系。从法学理论分析,资源国法律及其批准的国际公约、投资开发协议所要求的法律法规、金融机构的融资担保合同中所要求的法律法规、投资母国的法律规范构成了对海外石油项目的硬法约束;国际组织通过约束跨国公司行为的协定指南、企业加入的自愿性承诺、国际行业标准以及被视为最佳实践和惯例的标准导则构成了软法约束。本文结合主要国际石油公司的环境合规性实践分析,认为在实际管理中,可以根据规范来源与效力、企业追求目标等因素将上述规范区分为核心规范和其他规范,其中核心规范进一步区分为必选规范和可选规范。     

Traditional, state-of-the-art and future thermal building insulation materials and solutions - Properties, requirements and possibilities

The advantages and disadvantages of the thermal building insulation materials and solutions have been treated. Both traditional, state-of-the-art and possible materials and solutions beyond these have been investigated. Examples of these may be mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, polyurethane, vacuum insulation panels, gas insulation panels, aerogels, and future possibilities like vacuum insulation materials, nano insulation materials and dynamic insulation materials. Various properties, requirements and possibilities have been compared and studied. Among these are thermal conductivity, perforation vulnerability, building site adaptability and cuttability, mechanical strength, fire protection, fume emission during fire, robustness, climate ageing durability, resistance towards freezing/thawing cycles, water resistance, costs and environmental impact. Currently, there exist no single insulation material or solution capable of fulfilling all the requirements with respect to the most crucial properties. That is, for the buildings of today and the near future, several insulation materials and solutions are used and will have to be used depending on the exact circumstances and specifications. As of today, new materials and solutions like e.g. vacuum insulation panels are emerging, but only slowly introduced in the building sector partly due to their short track record. Therefore it will be of major importance to know the limitations and possibilities of all the insulation materials and solutions, i.e. their advantages and disadvantages. In this respect new conceptual thermal building insulation materials are also discussed.     

Application of real-time quantitative PCR for the detection of selected bacterial pathogens during municipal wastewater treatment

Bacteria were detected at five stages of municipal wastewater treatment using TaqMan(R) real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Thirteen probe and primer sets were tested for diverse pathogens that may be present in wastewater, including Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7, Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., and Staphylococcus aureus. The sensitivity of the assay was 100 fg of genomic DNA (=22 gene copies), based on a standard curve generated using A. hydrophila purified DNA. Samples from five stages of wastewater treatment were collected, including raw wastewater, primary effluents, mixed liquor, waste activated sludge and final effluents. In duplicate samples, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, C. perfringens and E. faecalis were detected throughout the wastewater process, and their numbers decreased by 3.52-3.98, 4.23-4.33, 3.15-3.39, and 3.24 orders of magnitude respectively, between the raw wastewater and final effluent stage. This qPCR method was effective for the detection of pathogens in wastewater and confirmed that the risk of exposure to pathogens in the wastewater discharge was well within the Environment Canada guidelines.     

Stormwater control measure (SCM) maintenance considerations to ensure designed functionality

Great investment is made in the design and installation of stormwater control measures (SCMs). Substantial research investment, too, is made to optimise the performance of SCMs. However, once installed, SCMs often suffer from lack of maintenance or even outright neglect. Key maintenance needs for wet ponds, constructed stormwater wetlands, bioretention, infiltration practices, permeable pavement, swales, and rainwater harvesting systems are reviewed with many tasks, such as the cleaning of pre-treatment areas and the preservation of infiltration surfaces, being common maintenance themes among SCMs. Consequences of lacking maintenance are illustrated (mainly insufficient function or failure). Probable reasons for neglect include insufficient communication, unclear responsibilities, lack of knowledge, financial barriers, and decentralised measures. In future designs and research, maintenance (and lack thereof) should be considered. Assessing the performance of SCMs conservatively and including safety factors may prevent consequences of under-maintenance; and requiring regular inspection may help to enforce sufficient maintenance.     

Water Resources Development: A Balanced Approach

Customers, the public generally, the water industry, its regulators and the government are aware that water can be a scarce and costly product. Resource planning and development must increasingly be viewed as a combined package of water efficiency in (a) use, (b) metering and tariff policy, (c) leakage reduction, and (d) physical schemes.
Droughts, fears over possible climate change, concerns about resources and the environment, a greater awareness of the role and costs of the water industry and statements by the Department of the Environment, the Office of Water Services, and the National Rivers Authority have added weight to this sensible shift in emphasis.
However, society needs reliable water supplies and cannot completely rely upon the uncertain impact that demand side-measures may bring about – nor, even where achieved and cost-effective, on the important savings in losses. New resource schemes can take many years to implement. Therefore, in order to ensure adequate and reliable supplies, plans for new schemes must be brought to a state of readiness, and, in many cases, implemented.     

中国城市国际化的历程、特征与展望

通过回顾中国国际化城市的总体历程可知:从定位看,国际化城市大致可分为国际化大都市、区域性国际城市和专业特色国际城市三类;从空间分布看,国际化城市大多为沿海、沿江、沿边开放城市,以及内陆省会开放城市和经济体制改革试点城市;从人口,经济特征看,国际化城市呈现出人口、经济和产业结构与国际化定位匹配的特征.我国一方面应编制国家...     

结构鲁棒性及其评价指标

基于“偶然事件”、“局部损伤”、“不成比例破坏”和“失效后果”四个方面给出了结构鲁棒性的新定义,将结构鲁棒性的定量测度划分为四类,分别从结构的属性、结构的确定性性能、结构的可靠度以及结构的风险等方面详细阐述了目前已经提出的各种鲁棒性指标;分别采用基于承载力的鲁棒性指标、基于可靠度的鲁棒性指标以及基于风险的鲁棒性指标,对按照我国现行规范设计的钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震鲁棒性进行了定量评价。结果表明：采用三类指标的鲁棒性评价结果一致,按照我国现行规范设计的钢筋混凝土框架结构具有良好的抗震鲁棒性。     

Quantifying the relationship between visitor satisfaction and perceived accessibility to pedestrian spaces on festival days

Many cities organize cultural festivals to promote their distinctiveness, boost the local economy, andenhance quality of life. However, urban spaces are packed with visitors on festival days, thus affecting accessibility to pedestrian spaces. This research examined visitor satisfaction with accessibility to pedest rian spaces during special events such as festivals. We particularly focusedonthe Hakata Dontaku festival, which is celebrated in Fukuoka, Japan. We studied three main elements that affect pedestrian satisfaction and perceived accessibility through walking, namely, safety, mobility, andamenities. We first analyzed previous studies and employed analytical hierarchy process to setup indicators for satisfaction measurement. Second, we determined visitor satisfaction through a survey questionnaire, which was conducted duringthe Hakata Dontaku festival. Third, we assessed the normality of the data set that was obtained from the questionnaire. Finally, we applied structural equation modeling. Results showed that theproposed model was a good fit, as indicated by the goodness of fit test, and the majority of indicators loaded significant values that supported their constructs. Satisfaction with amenities was found to be the most statistically significant variable that influences visitors' perceived accessibility during the Hakata Dontaku festival.     

Urinary BTEX, MTBE and naphthalene as biomarkers to gain environmental exposure profiles of the general population

The aim of this work was to evaluate urinary benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m+p-xylene, o-xylene (BTEX), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), and naphthalene (NAP) as biomarkers of exposure to environmental pollutants. Personal air and urine samples from 108 subjects belonging to the Italian general population were compared. Urinary profiles were obtained by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. BTEX, MTBE, ETBE and NAP median airborne exposures during a 5-h sampling were 4.0, 25.3, 3.8, 9.3, 3.4, 3.4, < 0.8, and 3.4 µg/m³, respectively. Meanwhile, median urinary levels, as geometric means of three determinations were: 122, 397, 74, 127, 43, 49, < 15, and 46 ng/L, respectively. Urinary benzene and toluene concentrations were 4.6- and 1.2-fold higher in smokers than in non-smokers. For most chemicals, significant positive correlations between airborne exposure (log-transformed) and the corresponding biological marker (log-transformed) were found, with Pearson's r values for correlation, ranging from 0.228 to 0.396. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the urinary level of these chemicals was influenced by personal airborne exposure, urinary creatinine, and urinary cotinine, with R² 0.733 for benzene. Urinary chemicals are useful biomarkers of environmental exposure. Given the ease of rapidly obtaining urine samples, they represent a non-invasive alternative to blood chemical analysis. The possibility of obtaining urinary exposure profiles makes this method an appealing tool for environmental epidemiology.     

一种基于Web的盾构施工实时管控系统研究

盾构机施工集成机电、液压等一体化设备,因此可利用网络进行信息数据传输,本文以盾构施工实时管控系统为研究对象,旨在通过研发实时监控系统来提高施工、管理效率。本文首先介绍了目前盾构施工信息系统的分类和应用功能,提出本盾构管控系统的基本原理,详细叙述系统的层次架构、功能架构、软件架构和重点功能,并从系统软件环境、硬件环境两方面进行描述,并从数据采集、数据库、通信进行详细介绍,最后对本系统的应用效果和影响及网络安全方面予以分析,得出了本系统架构合理拓展性强、数据采集传输方式简便不需要额外采集设备、系统功能性多、使用维护成本低等特点。