YSZ涂覆碳纤维/环氧复合材料性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法在碳纤维的表面涂覆了一层钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)涂层，并研究了用其制备的碳纤维／环氧复合材料的性能。结果表明：涂层中粒子的粒经约为10nm，YSZ涂覆后复合材料的层间剪切强度(ILSS)、拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别提高了52．0％、6．5％和6．3％；YSZ涂覆后的碳纤维与环氧树脂基体的结合更加紧密，且在碳纤维表面形成的YSZ涂层在450～700℃能有效地减缓碳纤维／环氧复合材料的氧化失重速率。     

碳纤维涂层碳化硅高温抗氧化性能研究

碳纤维材料以其良好的性能,在树脂基、陶瓷基、金属基等复合材料中得到了广泛的应用,但高温下容易被氧化,并严重的限制了碳纤维的应用范围。本文利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、电子探针、X射线光电子能谱分析、热重分析等对涂层碳纤维进行了高温(800℃)抗氧化性研究,得到了涂层的成分为SiC,通过可控气氛炉得到涂层碳纤维800℃高温下失重率与时间呈现抛物线规律变化,同时与无涂层碳纤维的氧化失重曲线相比发现：此涂层碳纤维在高温下具有一定的抗氧化性。     

化学镀镍层封孔新工艺的研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法在化学镀镍层表面制备出TiO2、TiO2、-SiO2膜，研究了热处理温度和涂覆次数对涂层表面成分及其耐蚀性、抗氧化性和耐磨性的影响，结果表明，经四次涂覆后，TiO2、TiO2-SiO2溶胶-凝膜层具有很好的耐蚀性和抗高温氧化性，少量钼、铬元素的加入可提高TiO2溶胶-凝胶膜的耐磨性。     

碳纤维表面化学涂覆NiO

采用均相沉淀法在碳纤维表面进行了NiO涂覆,研究了沉淀剂种类、脱水方式、沉淀剂浓度、沉淀剂添加速度和沉积反应时间对涂覆效果的影响. 采用SEM和XRD对涂层进行了表征,得到了制备NiO涂层较为合适的工艺条件为：以尿素为沉淀剂,采取缓慢升温的方式脱水,沉淀剂浓度0.20 mol/L,沉淀剂滴加速度2 mL/min,反应时间120 min. 在此条件下制备的NiO涂层厚度均匀,无脱落现象. 抗氧化性测试结果表明,涂覆NiO涂层后,碳纤维的抗氧化性有明显的提高.     

镍基高温合金陶瓷涂层的制备及性能表征

以Cr2O3粉、玻璃料及黏土为原料制成料浆,通过喷涂将其涂覆在镍基高温合金GH44的表面,采用热化学反应法于1050°C保温10min,熔烧制备出高温陶瓷涂层。通过扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析了高温陶瓷涂层的表面和截面形貌以及相组成,对涂覆陶瓷涂层的镍基合金的抗热震性能、抗氧化性能以及高温疲劳性能进行了测试。结果表明,陶瓷涂层结构致密,与基体结合牢固,具有良好的抗热震性能。涂覆陶瓷涂层的镍基合金其高温抗氧化性相对于基体提高了6倍以上,其高温疲劳性能明显改善。     

溶胶—凝胶法莫来石被覆SiC复合微粒子的制备

本文采用溶胶－凝胶法以组成为３Ａｌ２Ｏ３．２ＳｉＯ２的混合溶胶分别于和压力条件下，对ＳｉＣ微细粉进行包覆处理，该涂覆层在低于１０００℃下经１ｈ热处理可结晶成莫来石层，研究了涂覆溶胶浓度、涂覆压力对涂层厚度、结晶化温度等的影响，涂覆后的ＳｉＣ微粉在中高温的表面抗氧化性明显提高。     

溶胶－凝胶法莫来石被覆SiC复合微粒子的制备

本文采用溶胶－凝胶法以组成为３Ａｌ２Ｏ３２ＳｉＯ２的混合溶胶分别于常压和压力条件下，对ＳｉＣ微细粉进行包覆处理，该涂覆层在低于１０００℃下经１ｈ热处理可结晶成莫来石层，研究了涂覆溶胶浓度、涂覆压力对涂层厚度、结晶化温度等的影响，涂覆后的ＳｉＣ微粉在中高温的表面抗氧化性明显提高     

武术器械用碳纤维的表面改性与性能研究

采用表面涂层法对武术器械用碳纤维进行了表面改性处理,对比分析了原始碳纤维、表面涂覆ZrO_2涂层和Y-ZrO_2涂层的碳纤维的表面形貌、物相组成和界面剪切强度,并分析了涂层层数对涂覆Y-ZrO_2涂层的碳纤维的表面形貌和界面剪切强度的影响。结果表明,ZrO_2涂层和Y-ZrO_2涂层可以在碳纤维表面均匀涂覆,ZrO_2粉主要物相为m-ZrO_2和t-ZrO_2,Y-ZrO_2粉的主要物相为t-ZrO_2;随着温度的升高,碳纤维、碳纤维表面ZrO_2涂层和Y-ZrO_2涂层都会发生不同程度的质量损失,但是Y-ZrO_2涂层的失重速率最小;在Y-ZrO_2涂层层数为4时,Y-ZrO_2涂层在碳纤维表面可以均匀完全涂覆且不会在碳纤维间产生Y-ZrO_2涂层剩余;随着Y-ZrO_2涂层层数的增加,界面剪切强度呈现先增加而后减小的特征,在Y-ZrO_2涂层层数为4时取得最大值。     

固体氧化物燃料电池金属连接极涂层材料YCo0.6Mn0.4O3的性能

通过丝网印刷法在SS410合金上涂覆YCo0.6Mn0.4O3抗氧化涂层材料,采用氧化增重法、SEM-EDX、四探针法分别对SS410合金及其涂覆抗氧化涂层后的高温氧化速率、微观形貌和面积比电阻进行了表征. 结果表明,通过丝网印刷法在合金表面涂覆连续致密的陶瓷涂层材料,YCo0.6Mn0.4O3涂层在循环氧化过程中与基底结合牢固,没有出现剥离脱落. 涂覆YCo0.6Mn0.4O3涂层后,在800℃下SS410合金的氧化速率降低1个数量级,在800℃氧化150 h合金的面积比电阻由未涂层的72 mW×cm2降到了16 mW×cm2,大幅度地提高了合金的高温抗氧化性能及电导性能.     

C/C复合材料抗氧化耐高温SiC陶瓷涂层的研究

采用高温反应法和PVD法在SiC工业合成炉内制备了C/C复合材料耐高温抗氧化SiC陶瓷涂层.用XRD、SEM对其物相组成和显微结构进行了表征与分析,讨论了涂层的形成机理,并研究了其高温氧化性能.研究结果表明,所制备的陶瓷涂层主要由α-SiCβ-SiC组成,晶粒发育完整,涂层表面致密、无裂纹,且与碳基体结合紧密,涂层厚度约600μm,涂层抗氧化性良好,在1500℃空气中氧化10h失重约为0.3%.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。