高频信号扩展卡尔曼滤波器设计

为了实现永磁同步电动机转子位置估计试验的高频信号滤波,基于扩展卡尔曼滤波器原理,提出了一种改进的基于FPGA的信号提取方案,设计了高频信号扩展卡尔曼滤波器。该滤波器采用迭代算法提取转子位置信息,并对基频控制电流进行滤波处理,比传统IIR滤波器或FIR滤波器具有更快的滤波速度和更好的滤波性能。该滤波器简单易实现,消除了反馈回路中的低通滤波器。由于反馈回路中没有高频信号成分的干扰,控制器对高频位置估计的影响较小,所设计的位置估计器几乎不受控制器的影响,简化了位置估计器的设计。最后,仿真结果说明文中方法的可行性,并给出了一个基于EKF的低速无传感器试验。     

基于高频电压信号注入与改进卡尔曼滤波的永磁同步电动机控制系统设计

以永磁同步电动机(PMSM)为研究对象,基于脉振高频电压信号注入技术和改进卡尔曼滤波技术,本文提出了一种新的PMSM无传感器控制系统。具体方法是,注入将脉振高频电压信号注入同步旋转坐标系的d轴,从高频载波电流中通过空间凸极跟踪技术提取转子位置估计误差信号,转速和位置估计信息通过改进卡尔曼滤波器处理得到。仿真实验结果表明,这种方法可以实现PMSM的调速控制。     

基于变增益UKF的单站无源定位算法

将一种适用于非线性系统的UKF应用于单站无源定位,并结合具体应用背景,设计了变增益UKF滤波器。变增益UKF滤波器具备UKF滤波器精度高,稳定性好,不易发散的优点。蒙特卡罗仿真结果表明,该滤波器适用于实际情况,且具有比UKF和EKF更好的跟踪性能。     

基于CKF的永磁同步电机无传感器控制

永磁同步电机（PMSM）是典型的非线性系统。为提高转速估计精度,提出了将cubatureKalmanfilter（CKF）方法应用在PMSM无速度传感器控制中。和扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）算法相比,CKF无需对系统非线性模型进行线性化处理。其根据spherical—radialcubature准则,通过一些相等权值的cubature点经非线性系统方程转换后产生新的点来给出下一时刻系统状态的预测,不需要对系统模型进行线性化处理。文中在对CKF算法分析的基础上,建立了基于CKF的PMSM无速度传感器控制仿真模型,通过和传统的EKF算法的仿真对比实验,验证了CKF算法的有效性和优越性。     

基于PID控制的直线进给系统的仿真与试验

在数控机床永磁直线同步电动机基本结构及工作原理基础上,构建了直线进给系统物理模型及传递函数。根据工程设计方法设计直线进给系统的PID控制器,通过仿真分析验证了控制器的有效性,最后通过直线进给系统综合试验平台开展相关实验研究PI控制下直线进给系统的动态性能,并分析了主要控制参数对系统动态性能的影响。     

一种快速GPS/DR组合导航系统状态估计算法研究

无轨迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)技术在非线性系统(GPS/DR车载组合导航系统)的状态估计中取得了比扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)更好的滤波精度和收敛速度.为了进一步减少采样点数目,提高UKF滤波实时性,一组n+2个采样点被构造用于逼近系统状态分布.蒙特卡洛仿真表明RUKF和UKF在滤波精度和收敛速度上是一致的,RUKF的计算效率好于UKF.     

非线性滤波方法及其在故障诊断中的应用

传统的滤波方法一般基于线性化和高斯假设,在一定程度上影响了滤波精度和非线性系统故障诊断的准确率。该文从"近似非线性"和"近似概率"的方法入手,分析3种常用的非线性滤波算法:扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)、U-卡尔曼滤波器(UKF)以及粒子滤波器(PF)的原理、方法及特点并介绍其在非线性故障诊断中的应用价值。     

动态卡尔曼滤波在导航试验状态估计中的应用

阐述了GPS动态试验的新方案,使用两个精度相差一个数量级的GPS接收平台,通过匀速运动车辆的DGPS及GPS的滤波对比试验,验证了卡尔曼滤波器的有效性.并针对传统EKF(extended Kalman filtering)滤波器动态滤波性能较差的缺陷,引入了一种基于非线性思想的动态无导数卡尔曼滤波器,并对其状态方差阵及随机噪声方差阵Cholesky分解更新公式做了改进,避免了导数的运算,加快了滤波速度,有效地确保方差矩阵平方根的正定性从而抑止了发散.将这种新的卡尔曼滤波器应用于实际动态定位状态估计问题上.试验结果表明:比起传统卡尔曼滤波器,新的卡尔曼滤波器有较高的精度,实用性更强.     

半主动悬架的无迹卡尔曼状态观测器设计

卡尔曼滤波器是线性动态系统中应用最广泛的一种状态估计方法。在非线性系统中,扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)和无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)被广泛应用,相比扩展卡尔曼滤波器,无迹卡尔曼滤波器准确度更高、更易于实现。在车辆动力学这种强的非线性系统中,无迹卡尔曼滤波器应用广泛。设计了一种基于无迹卡尔曼滤波器的半主动悬架系统状态观测器,讨论了不准确的过程噪声协方差Q和测量噪声协方差R、及测量信号组合的选择和不准确的模型参数对状态观测精度的影响,仿真结果表明不准确的过程噪声和测量噪声协方差、不合适的测量信号选择和模型参数不准确的干扰在不同程度上降低了状态估计精度。     

直接磁悬浮永磁直线电动机无摩擦进给的研究

提出采用直接磁悬浮永磁直线电动机来消除数控机床进给系统的摩擦阻力实现无摩擦进给,对直接磁悬浮永磁直线电动机的结构和磁悬浮原理进行了论述,建立了磁悬浮永磁直线电动机的磁场分层模型,在此基础上,从磁场能量出发通过虚位移法推导出磁场和电磁力的表达式.利用Ansoft Maxwell 2D瞬态电磁场计算软件,对直接磁悬浮永磁直线电动机的空载磁场,以及负载运行时的气隙磁密和电磁力进行仿真研究.结果表明,采用直接磁悬浮永磁直线同步电动机实现数控机床无摩擦进给是可行的.     

Very-low speed control of PMSM based on EKF estimation with closed loop optimized parameters

When calculating the speed from the position of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), the accuracy and real-time are limited by the precision of the sensor. This problem causes crawling and jitter at very-low speed. Using the angle from the position sensor, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) designed in dq-coordinate is presented to solve this problem. The usage of position sensor simplifies the model and improves the accuracy of speed estimation. Specially, a closed loop optimal (CLO) method is devised to overcome the difficulty to adjust the parameters of the EKF. The EKF is the feedback link of speed control, CLO method is derived from the perspective of the speed step response to optimize the measurement covariance matrix and the system covariance matrix of EKF. Simulation and experimental results, comparing the low-speed performance of the EKF and sensor feedback methods, prove the effectiveness of the method to adjust the parameters of EKF and the advantages in eliminating the low speed jitter.     

A derivative UKF for tightly coupled INS/GPS integrated navigation

The tightly coupled INS/GPS integration introduces nonlinearity to the measurement equation of the Kalman filter due to the use of raw GPS pseudorange measurements. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is a typical method to address the nonlinearity by linearizing the pseudorange measurements. However, the linearization may cause large modeling error or even degraded navigation solution. To solve this problem, this paper constructs a nonlinear measurement equation by including the second-order term in the Taylor series of the pseudorange measurements. Nevertheless, when using the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) to the INS/GPS integration for navigation estimation, it causes a great amount of redundant computation in the prediction process due to the linear feature of system state equation, especially for the case with system state vector in much higher dimension than measurement vector. To overcome this drawback in computational burden, this paper further develops a derivative UKF based on the constructed nonlinear measurement equation. The derivative UKF adopts the concise form of the original Kalman filter (KF) to the prediction process and employs the unscented transformation technique to the update process. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the derivative UKF can achieve higher accuracy with a much smaller computational cost in comparison with the traditional UKF.     

Nonlinear system identification based on Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy modeling and unscented Kalman filter

This paper proposes two novel Kalman-based learning algorithms for an online Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model identification. The proposed approaches are designed based on the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and the concept of dual estimation. Contrary to the extended Kalman filter (EKF) which utilizes derivatives of nonlinear functions, the UKF employs the unscented transformation. Consequently, non-differentiable membership functions can be considered in the structure of the TS models. This makes the proposed algorithms to be applicable for the online parameter calculation of wider classes of TS models compared to the recently published papers concerning the same issue. Furthermore, because of the great capability of the UKF in handling severe nonlinear dynamics, the proposed approaches can effectively approximate the nonlinear systems. Finally, numerical and practical examples are provided to show the advantages of the proposed approaches. Simulation results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed methods and performance improvement based on the root mean square (RMS) of the estimation error compared to the existing results.     

基于视线测量的航天器相对导航滤波方法研究

基于视线测量的航天器相对导航精度会受到相对轨迹形状和滤波算法设计等因素的共同影响。以低轨卫星近距离编队飞行为任务背景,设计了环航飞行、共面漂移和共线保持3种不同轨迹的相对运动模式。对3种模式建立了基于星间非线性相对运动模型的系统状态方程,并引入了J2项地球非球形摄动力的影响;建立了基于视线测量的观测方程,观测量包括星间相对距离、相对俯仰角和相对航向角。结合系统模型和观测模型均为高斯分布的非平稳随机过程的特点,分别在上述3种模式下设计了基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(extended Kalman filter,EKF)和无迹卡尔曼滤波(unscented Kalman filter,UKF)的相对导航滤波算法,对各自的相对运动轨迹进行了数值仿真,并在半物理硬件环境下进行了验证,分析了不同模式下EKF和UKF对于高斯非平稳随机过程的估计精度和稳定性,并结合EKF和UKF的运算复杂度,提出了3种相对运动模式下的滤波器优选方案,对工程设计提供了理论参考。     

基于UKF算法的汽车状态估计

准确实时获取行驶过程中的状态信息是汽车动态控制系统研究的关键问题。将unscented卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法应用到汽车的状态估计之中,建立了包含时不变统计特性噪声和非线性轮胎的汽车动力学模型,采用具有对称采样策略和比例修正的UKF算法对汽车估计了多个关键状态量。将UKF估计器与常见的EKF估计器进行了比较分析,基于ADAMS/Car的虚拟试验和实车试验验证了UKF在汽车状态估计中的可行性。     

基于EKF的异步电机转速和负载转矩估计

合理选择电机的容量具有重要的意义,电机的容量可根据电机的转速和负载转矩确定,将电机的转速和负载转矩同时作为系统的状态,提出了一种基于EKF同时估计异步电机转速和负载转矩的方法,建立了包含异步电机转速和负载转矩状态的系统模型,基于该模型用EKF实现了同时估计异步电机转速和负载转矩,仿真和实验验证了所提方法能以较高的精度同时估计出电机的转速和负载转矩.     

Detection of broken rotor bars in induction motors using nonlinear Kalman filters

This paper presents a model-based fault detection approach for induction motors. A new filtering technique using Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) and Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is utilized as a state estimation tool for on-line detection of broken bars in induction motors based on rotor parameter value estimation from stator current and voltage processing. The hypothesis on which the detection is based is that the failure events are detected by jumps in the estimated parameter values of the model. Both UKF and EKF are used to estimate the value of rotor resistance. Upon breaking a bar the estimated rotor resistance is increased instantly, thus providing two values of resistance after and before bar breakage. In order to compare the estimation performance of the EKF and UKF, both observers are designed for the same motor model and run with the same covariance matrices under the same conditions. Computer simulations are carried out for a squirrel cage induction motor. The results show the superiority of UKF over EKF in nonlinear system (such as induction motors) as it provides better estimates for rotor fault detection.