共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Dessislav Balev Galin Ivanov Stefan Dragoev Hristo Nikolov 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2011,113(11):1385-1394
The changes in fatty acid composition, non‐polar (triglycerols) and polar lipids (phospholipids), total free fatty acids and total cholesterol of Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) were studied during 360 days of storage at ?18°C. It was established that total neutral lipids and phospholipids content decreased and total free fatty acids concentration increased significantly during the frozen storage. Lower non‐polar and polar lipids content and higher free fatty acids concentration of vacuum‐packaged samples in comparison with air‐packaged samples were found. The changes in total cholesterol concentration and phospholipid classes of frozen stored sturgeon were not influenced by the frozen storage period and the type of packaging. It was established that the sturgeon polar lipids consisted mainly of phosphatidylcholine – 54.98 ± 0.85%, phosphatidylethanolamine – 28.42 ± 0.61%, and phosphatidylserine – 8.64 ± 0.45%. The increase of the total free fatty acids concentration was associated with the free n ? 3 PUFA accumulation as a result of hydrolysis of non‐polar and polar lipids. During the frozen storage DHA percentage of non‐polar lipids and phospholipids decreased approximately 3 and 1.75%, respectively. After 360 days of storage at ?18°C the n ? 3/n ? 6 PUFA ratio of total lipids decreased 4.9%. 相似文献
2.
Muscle membrane fatty acid (FA) composition is linked to insulin action. The aims of this study were to compare the FA composition
of muscle and erythrocyte membrane phospholipid in young children; to investigate the effect of diet on these lipid compositions;
and to investigate differential incorporation of FA into muscle, erythrocyte and adipose tissue membrane phospholipid, and
adipose tissue triglyceride. Skeletal muscle biopsies and fasting blood samples were taken from 61 normally nourished children
(15 males and 16 females), less than 2 yr old (means ±SE, 0.80±0.06 yr), undergoing elective surgery. Adipose tissue samples
were taken from 15 children. There were significant positive correlations between muscle and erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid
(DHA) (r=0.44, P<0.0001), total n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (r=0.39, P=0.002), and the n−6/n−3 PUFA ratio (r=0.39, P=0.002). Adipose tissue triglyceride had lower levels of long-chain PUFA, especially DHA, than muscle and erythrocytes (0.46±0.18%
vs. 2.44±0.26% and 3.17±0.27%). Breast-fed infants had higher levels of DHA than an age-matched group of formulafed infants
in both muscle (3.91±0.21% vs. 1.94±0.18%) and erythrocytes (3.81±0.10% vs. 2.65±0.23%). The results of this study show that
(i) erythrocyte FA composition is a reasonable index of muscle DHA, total n−3 PUFA, and the n−6/n−3 PUFA ratio; (ii) breast
feeding has a potent effect on the FA composition of all these tissues; and (iii) there is a wide range in long-chain PUFA
levels in muscle, erythrocytes, and adipose tissue. 相似文献
3.
Jesuí Vergílio Visentainer Maximiliano D’Addio Noffs Patricia de Oliveira Carvalho Vanessa Vivian de Almeida Cláudio Celestino de Oliveira Nilson Evelázio de Souza 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2007,84(6):543-547
Lipid content and fatty acid composition were determined in edible meat of fifteen marine fish species caught on the Southeast
Brazilian coast and two from East Antarctic. Most of the fish had lipid amounts lower than 10% of their total weight. Palmitic
acid (C16:0) predominated, accounting for 54–63% of the total amount of saturated fatty acids. Oleic acid (C18:1n-9) was the
most abundant (49–69%) monounsaturated fatty acid, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was the predominant polyunsaturated fatty
acid (PUFA), accounting for 31–84% of n-3 PUFA. n-3 PUFA level were highest in Antarctic fish meat, comprising 45% of the
total fatty acid content, which consisted of mainly EPA (16.1 ± 1.5 g/100 g lipids) and DHA (24.8 ± 2.4 g/100 g lipids). The
amounts of EPA + DHA in g/100 g of lipids on the Southeast Brazilian coast and Antarctic fish species investigated were found
to be similar: 42.0 ± 1.7 for Bonito cachorro, 41.0 ± 2.3 for Atum, and 39.4 ± 1.8 for peixe porco, respectively. All the
studied species exhibited an n-3/n-6 ratio higher than 3, which confirms the great importance of Southeast Brazilian coast
fish as a significant dietary source of n-3 PUFA. 相似文献
4.
The quantity and distribution of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in major brain phospholipids (PL) was examined in the fetal rat
brain before birth, using thin-layer and capillary column gas chromatography. A rapid increment of DHA content of about 187
μg/g brain/day was observed between 17 to 20 days gestation, as opposed to 39.3±2.9 μg/g brain/day prior to that. Single intraamniotic
injections of 5 μL ethyl-docosahexaenoate (Et-DHA) 12 μM, 4.25 mg) administered to 17-day-old fetuses were used to examine
the uptake of DHA into brain PL. Three days following injection, the amount of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased by
28% compared to ethyl-oleate (Et-Ole) injected fetuses. Compared to the n-6 fatty acid family, the relative amount of DHA
increased in the phosphoatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipids by 15 (P=0.02), 13 and 14%, respectively. A major increase in the pool size of phosphatidylinositol and PS (110 and 50.3%, respectively),
and a decrease in PC (8.2%) were observed 3 d after Et-DHA as compared to Et-Ole administration. The data suggest that a single
intraamniotic administration of Et-DHA can modulate membrane PL content and alter PUFA composition. 相似文献
5.
Skeletal muscle phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition is associated with insulin sensitivity in animal models and in
man. However, it is not clear whether changes in insulin sensitivity cause a change in PLFA composition or vice versa. The
present studies have examined the effects of agents known to increase or decrease insulin sensitivity on PLFA composition
of the major phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), in soleus and extensor digitorum longus
muscle. Four groups of Sprague-Dawley rats— control, 0.2% troglitazone (Tgz), 60% fructose fed, and fructose + Tgz—were treated
for 3 wk. Fructose feeding was associated with a decrease in muscle membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and n-3 fatty
acids in both PC and PE. Administration of Igz alone resulted in an increase in liver (3.75±0.93 to 6.93±1.00 μmol/min/mg
tissue, P<0.05) and soleus muscle (0.34±0.03 to 0.67±0.09 μmol/min/mg, P<0.01) elongase activity, which would be expected to increase membrane PUFA. However, Tgz decreased PLFA associated with greater
insulin sensitivity (e.g., PUFA and n-3 fatty acids) and increased PLFA associated with decreased insulin sensitivity (16∶0
and n-6 fatty acids) in both PC and PE. Co-administration of fructose and Tgz did not reverse the decrease in PUFA observed
with fructose alone. We conclude that the improvement in insulin sensitivity reported with Tgz is associated with an apparently
paradoxical effect to decrease PUFA and n-3 PLFA composition in rat skeletal muscle. These studies suggest that Tgz-mediated
increases in insulin sensitivity do not result in improved PLFA composition. 相似文献
6.
The lipid and fatty acid compositions of the total lipids of three cultured populations (migratory between fresh and salt
water, Lake Biwa landlocked, and Setogawa River forms) of ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, were investigated to clarify the difference in lipid characteristics and temperature adaptability among the three groups.
Triacylglycerols were the dominant depot lipids of the three populations, while phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine
and phosphatidylethanolamine, were found to be the major components of the polar lipids, and their lipid classes are similar
to each other. The major fatty acids in the triacylglycerols of all specimens were 16:0, 18:0, 16:1n-7, 18:1n-7, 18:1n-9,
18:2n-6 (linoleic acid), 20:5n-3 (EPA, icosapentaenoic acid), and 22:6n-3 (DHA, docosahexaenoic acid), similar to the tissue
phospholipids of the three populations, 16:0, 18:0, 16:1n-7, 18:1n-7, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6, 20:4n-6, EPA, and DHA. All classes
had high levels of 18:2n-6, which originates from their dietary lipids. Compared with the lower DHA levels of the triacylglycerols,
the higher levels in the phospholipids suggest their selective accumulation or a biosynthetic pathway to DHA as in freshwater
fish. Two populations (the migratory and Setogawa River forms) adapted to lower temperatures with comparatively high levels
of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for their membrane fluidities. With significantly higher levels of n-3 PUFA and total
PUFA, the mean DHA content in the lipids of the Setogawa River form (the population that adapted to lower temperatures) was
significantly higher than that of the migratory form. From these results, we concluded that the Setogawa River population
actively concentrates long-chain PUFA in its polar lipids and has high adaptability to low temperature. 相似文献
7.
Atopy is a growing problem for Korean children. Since eicosapentaenoic acid is a precursor of less active inflammatory eicosanoids,
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may have a protective effect on atopy. This study was undertaken to determine whether
n-3 PUFA in red blood cells (RBC) is lower in atopic than in non-atopic preschoolers. Three hundred and eight Korean children
aged 4–6 years were enrolled. Total RBC fatty acid composition was measured by gas chromatography. The prevalence of atopic
dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, or asthma was 29%. Total RBC n-3 PUFA were lower in preschoolers with atopy than controls (9.8 ± 1.2
vs. 11.4 ± 1.6%; P < 0.05), while n-6 PUFA (33.0 ± 1.4 vs. 32.2 ± 1.0%; P < 0.05) and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (3.4 ± 0.6 vs. 2.8 ± 0.5; P < 0.05) were greater. The following factors were also associated with an increase in atopy: higher saturated fatty acids
(39.6 ± 1.4 vs. 40.6 ± 1.9; P < 0.05) and arachidonic acid (15.3 ± 1.6 vs. 16.0 ± 2.9; P < 0.05), and lower total PUFA (43.8 ± 0.7 vs. 42.8 ± 1.4; P < 0.05) and omega-3 index (EPA + DHA; 9.1 ± 0.8 vs. 7.8 ± 0.5; P < 0.05) in RBC. Maternal history of atopy was a significant (P < 0.05) risk factor, while lactation was not. The results suggest that a reduced content of n-3 PUFA in the RBC membrane
could play a role in early children atopy. 相似文献
8.
Oxylipins are bioactive lipids formed by the monooxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid (ARA) are the most well-studied class of oxylipins that influence brain functions in normal health and in disease. However, comprehensive profiling of brain oxylipins from other PUFA with differing functions, and the examination of the effects of dietary PUFA and sex differences in oxylipins are warranted. Therefore, female and male Sprague–Dawley rats were provided standard rodent diets that provided additional levels of the individual n-3 PUFA α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or the n-6 PUFA linoleic acid (LNA) alone or with ALA (LNA + ALA) compared to essential fatty acid-sufficient control diets. Oxylipins and PUFA were quantified in whole brains using HPLC-MS/MS and GC, respectively. Eighty-seven oxylipins were present at quantifiable levels: 51% and 17% of these were derived from ARA and DHA, respectively. At the mass level, ARA and DHA oxylipins comprised 81–90% and 6–12% of total oxylipins, while phospholipid ARA and DHA represented 25–35% and 49–62% of PUFA mass, respectively. Increasing dietary n-3 PUFA resulted in higher levels of oxylipins derived from their precursor PUFA; otherwise, the brain oxylipin profile was largely resistant to modulation by diet. Approximately 25% of oxylipins were higher in males, and this was largely unaffected by diet, further revealing a tight regulation of brain oxylipin levels. These fundamental data on brain oxylipin composition, diet effects, and sex differences will help guide future studies examining the functions of oxylipins in the brain. 相似文献
9.
Helvi M. Vidgren Jyrki J. Ågren Ursula Schwab Tiina Rissanen Osmo Hänninen Matti I. J. Uusitupa 《Lipids》1997,32(7):697-705
The effects of n-3 fatty acid supplementation in the form of fresh fish, fish oil, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) oil on the
fatty acid composition of plasma lipid fractions, and platelets and erythrocyte membranes of young healthy male students were
examined. Altogether 59 subjects (aged 19–32 yr, body mass index 16.8–31.3 kg/m2) were randomized into the following diet groups: (i) control group; (ii) fish diet group eating fish meals five times per
week [0.38±0.04 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 0.67±0.09 g DHA per day]; (iii) DHA oil group taking algae-derived DHA oil
capsules (1.68 g/d DHA oil group taking algae-derived DHA oil capsules (1.68 g/d DHA in triglyceride form); and (iv) fish
oil group (1.33 g EPA and 0.95 g DHA/d as free fatty acids) for 14 wk. The fatty acid composition of plasma lipids, platelets,
and erythrocyte membranes was analyzed by gas chromatography. The subjects kept 4-d food records four times during the study
to estimate the intake of nutrients. In the fish diet, in DHA oil, and in fish oil groups, the amounts of n-3 fatty acids
increased and those of n-6 fatty acids decreased significantly in plasma lipid fractions and in platelets and erythrocyte
membranes. A positive relationship was shown between the total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and EPA and DHA intake
and the increase in total n-3 PUFA and EPA and DHA in all lipid fractions analyzed. DHA was preferentially incorporated into
phospholipid (PL) and triglyceride (TG) and there was very little uptake in cholesterol ester (CE), while EPA was preferentially
incorporated into PL and CE. The proportion of EPA in plasma lipids and platelets and erythrocyte membranes increased also
by DHA supplementation, and the proportion of linoleic acid increased in platelets and erythrocyte membranes in the DHA oil
group as well. These results suggest retroconversion of DHA to EPA and that DHA also interferes with linoleic acid metabolism. 相似文献
10.
Recent studies suggest that dietary krill oil leads to higher omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) tissue accretion compared to fish oil because the former is rich in n-3 PUFA esterified as phospholipids (PL), while n-3 PUFA in fish oil are primarily esterified as triacylglycerols (TAG). Tissue accretion of the same dietary concentrations of PL- and TAG-docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) (DHA) has not been compared and was the focus of this study. Mice (n = 12/group) were fed either a control diet or one of six DHA (1%, 2%, or 4%) as PL-DHA or TAG-DHA diets for 4 weeks. Compared with the control, DHA concentration in liver, adipose tissue (AT), heart, and eye, but not brain, were significantly higher in mice consuming either PL- or TAG-DHA, but there was no difference in DHA concentration in all tissues between the PL- or TAG-DHA forms. Consumption of PL- and TAG-DHA at all concentrations significantly elevated eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) (EPA) in all tissues when compared with the control group, while docoshexapentaenoic acid (22:5n-6) (DPA) was significantly higher in all tissues except for the eye and heart. Both DHA forms lowered total omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) in all tissues and total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in the liver and AT; total saturated fatty acid (SFA) were lowered in the liver but elevated in the AT. An increase in the DHA dose, independent of DHA forms, significantly lowered n-6 PUFA and significantly elevated n-3 PUFA concentration in all tissues. Our results do not support the claim that the PL form of n-3 PUFA leads to higher n-3 PUFA tissue accretion than their TAG form. 相似文献
11.
The n-6 and n-3 fatty acid status of developing organs is the cumulative result of the diet lipid composition and many complex
events of lipid metabolism. Little information is available, however, on the potential effects of the saturated fatty acid
chain length (8:0–16:0) or oleic acid (18:1) content of the diet on the subsequent metabolism of the essential fatty acids
18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 and their elongated/desaturated products. The effects of feeding piglets formulas with fat blends containing
either coconut oil (12:0±14:0) or medium chain triglycerides (MCT, 8:0±10:0) but similar levels of 18:1, 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3,
or MCT with high or low 18:1 but constant 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 on the fatty acid composition of plasma, liver and kidney triglycerides,
phospholipids and cholesteryl esters, and of brain total lipid, were studied. Diet-induced changes in the fatty acid composition
of lipid classes were generally similar for plasma, liver and kidney. Dietary 18:1 content was reflected in tissue lipids
and was inversely associated with levels of 18:2n-6. Lower percentage of 18:2n-6, however, was not associated with lower levels
of its elongated/desaturated product 20:4n-6 but was associated with higher levels of 22:6n-3. Feeding coconut oilvs. MCT resulted in lower 18:1 levels in all lipids, and higher percentages of 20:4n-6 in tissue phospholipid. Increasing the
dietary n-6/n-3 ratio from 5 to 8 significantly increased tissue percentage of 18:2n-6 and decreased phospholipid 22:6n-3.
In contrast to plasma, liver and kidney, brain lipid fatty acid composition was not influenced by the formula saturated fatty
acid chain length, content of 18:1, or n-6/n-3 ratio. In summary, the studies show that the dietary requirement for n-6 and
n-3 fatty acids may be influenced by the nonessential saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids fed concurrently. 相似文献
12.
Shu Cheng Liu De Tao Li Peng Zhi Hong Chao Hua Zhang Hong Wu Ji Jia Long Gao Li Zhang 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2009,86(12):1155-1161
Marine fishes are rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic
acid (DHA), which are extremely important for human health. The objective of our work was to determine the content and composition
of lipids and fatty acids in the different tissues of cobia from China and to evaluate their nutritional value. The results
showed that cobia from China was rich in lipids; the neutral lipid content was above 82%; the content of cholesterol and phospholipid
was low. Eighteen fatty acids were identified. Myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), and stearic acids (C18:0) were the main
saturated acids; palmitoleic (C16:1n-7) and oleic acid (C18:1n-9) were the main monounsaturated fatty acids. EPA and DHA were
the main PUFA; n-3 and n-6 PUFA were present as 12–18% and 2.6–3.2% of the total fatty acids, respectively. The n-6/n-3 ratio
was in the range from 0.18 to 0.22, which was far lower than that (5:1) recommended by WHO/FAO. Therefore, cobia lipids from
China have a high nutritional value. 相似文献
13.
Neutral and polar lipids in the soft parts of a gastropod species, Ifremeria nautilei, collected from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, were examined to assess the trophic relationships in hydrothermal vents. The
vent gastropod obtains many of its lipids from symbiotic chemosynthetic microorganisms. The major polyunsaturated fatty acids
(PUFA) both in the triacylglycerols and phospholipids of the gastropod consist of a limited number of n-3 and n-6 PUFA: arachidonic
acid (20:4n-6), icosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3), without docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3).
Noticeable levels of various n-6 PUFA, such as 18:2n-6,9, 20:2n-6,9, 20:3n-6,9,12, and 20:3n-6,9,15 with significant levels
of 16:1n-6 and 18:1n-6 indicate the biosynthetic characteristic of the endosymbionts. The lack of DHA in all specimens suggests
a limitation of its lipid biosynthesis ability with its symbionts. This finding with regard to the lipids is unusual for a
marine animal in the grazing or detrital food chain because many marine animal lipids evidently contain high levels of DHA
with low levels of n-6 fatty acids. Such contradictory findings lead to some new insights into the absence of a biosynthetic
pathway for DHA in I. nautilei, and provide evidence that DHA in this species is dispensable. Similar to herbivorous gastropods, the lack of DHA with significant
levels of n-6 PUFA in this species also indicates its selective assimilation of specific microorganisms, such as chemosynthetic
bacteria in hydrothermal vents, because significant levels of DHA were found in carnivorous mollusk lipids. 相似文献
14.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of sandalwood seed oil on fatty acid (FA) profiles and inflammatory factors in rats. Fifty male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into five different dietary groups: 10 % soybean oil (SO), 10 % olive oil (OO), 10 % safflower oil (SFO), 10 % linseed oil (LSO) and 8 % sandalwood seed oil blended with 2 % SO (SWSO) for 8 weeks. The SWSO group had a higher total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) levels but lower n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios in both adipose tissue and liver than those in the SO, OO and SFO groups (p < 0.05). Although the SWSO group had a much lower 18:3n-3 level (4.51 %) in their dietary lipids than the LSO group (58.88 %), the levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA: 22:6n-3) in liver lipids and phospholipids of the SWSO group (7.52 and 11.77 %) were comparable to those of the LSO group (7.07 and 13.16 %). Ximenynic acid, a predominant acetylenic FA in sandalwood seed oil, was found to be highly incorporated into adipose tissue (13.73 %), but relatively lower in liver (0.51 %) in the SWSO group. The levels of prostaglandin F2α, prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2, leukotriene B4, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in both liver and plasma were positively correlated with the n-6:n-3 ratios, suggesting that increased n-6 PUFA appear to increase the formation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas n-3 PUFA exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. The present results suggest that sandalwood seed oil could increase tissue levels of n-3 PUFA, DHA and reduce the n-6:n-3 ratio, and may increase the anti-inflammatory activity in rats. 相似文献
15.
The particular interest in supplementing human foods with n-3 fatty acids has arisen from the findings that this series of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have an impact on neuronal functions. Indeed vertebrates, including humans, preferentially use docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) over other long-chain n-3 PUFA for the genesis of their neuronal and retinal membranes. The grey mouse lemur is a nocturnal prosimian primate originating from Madagascar. The increased use of this omnivorous primate in nutritional studies (chronic caloric restriction, n-3 fatty acids supplementation), justifies the interest of determining their fatty acids body composition. In the present study, we report the fatty acid composition in lipid classes from the main target tissues (brain, retina, liver and adipose tissue) of six adult mouse lemurs raised under laboratory nutritional conditions. Among the main findings, n-6-docosapentaenoic acid (n-6-DPA; 22:5n-6) is very low in the brain cortex and retina, whereas there is a very high accumulation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) in the neural tissues compared to liver and plasma. In particular, DHA accounts for about one half of the total fatty acids in the retina ethanolamine glycerophospholipids. This high concentration clearly indicates that DHA is efficiently transferred from blood lipids to the outer segment of the mouse lemur retina. We conclude that the mouse lemur n-3 PUFA metabolism efficiently drives DHA to neural tissues, through the blood-brain barrier and the blood-retina barrier. 相似文献
16.
The phospholipid and phospholipid fatty acid composition of gill mitochondrial membranes from two temperate zone marine bivalve
mollusks, the quahog, Mercenaria mercenaria, and the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, were examined after acclimation to 12 and −1°C. Cardiolipin (CL) was the only phospholipid with proportions altered upon
acclimation to −1°C, increasing 188% in the mitochondrial membranes of M. mercenaria. Although the ratio of bilayer stabilizing to destabilizing lipids is frequently associated with cold acclimation in ectothermic
species, no change was found in this ratio in either of the species. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were found only to
increase in C. virginica with cold acclimation, with total n-3 PUFA increasing in the phospholipid phosphatidylethanolamine, total n-6 PUFA increasing
in CL, and total PUFA increasing in phosphatidylinositol. Monounsaturated fatty acids, not PUFA, were found to have increased
in M. mercenaria, with 18:1n−9 increasing by 150% in CL, and 20∶1 increasing in both CL and phosphatidylcholine, by 146 and 192%, respectively.
These manipulations of membrane phospholipid and fatty acid composition may represent an attempt by these species to help
maintain membrane function at low temperatures. 相似文献
17.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids exert antiarrhythmic actions as free acids rather than in phospholipids 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5
Previous studies have shown that exogenous free n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can prevent tachyarrhythmias caused
by specific agents in isolated cardiac myocytes. However, the question as to whether incorporation of the n-3 PUFA into membrane
phospholipids has the same immediate protective effects remained to be answered. To answer this question, we increased the
content of n-3 PUFA in the phospholipids of cultured neonatal rat myocytes by growing them 2–3 d in a culture to which eicosapentaenoic
acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in 15 μM concentration was added. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of membrane
phospholipids revealed a significantly higher level of EPA and DHA (from 0.2 to 7.6% and from 1.2 to 6.5%) in cells supplemented
with EPA or DHA, respectively. The responses of the myocytes grown in normal media or in media enriched with the PUFA to arrhythmogenic
agents were examined after free fatty acids were removed from the medium and the cells. The arrhythmogenic agents used were
the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol or an elevated extracellular concentration of calcium. The results showed that there
was no significant difference in the induction of tachyarrhythmias by isoproterenol or by elevated [Ca2+]o in cells grown in media enriched with PUFA, as compared with cells grown in normal media in the absence of the free PUFA.
Under the conditions of this study, only the unesterified PUFA were able to protect the cardiomyocytes against induced arrhythmias.
There was no antiarrhythmic effect due to an increased fraction of EPA or DHA in membrane phospholipids. 相似文献
18.
The neutral and polar lipids of the Galatheidae vent crab, Shinkaia crosnieri, with its eggs were studied to assess its lipid physiology and trophic relationship at hydrothermal vents. The vent crab
obtained many of its lipids from Bathymodiolus mussels and chemosynthetic microorganisms which live on a mat of long, silky setae on the crab body as exosymbionts. In all
lipid classes, the major monounsaturated fatty acids were 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-7, which originate from bacteria. The major polyunsaturated
fatty acids (PUFA) in the triacylglycerols were 16:2n-4, 18:2n-4, 18:2n-7, 18:3n-4,7,10, and 16:2n-3, while those of the crab
polar lipids were 16:2n-4, 18:2n-4, 18:3n-4,7,10, 20:4n-6 (arachidonic acid), 20:5n-3 (icosapentaenoic acid), and 22:6n-3
(docosahexaenoic acid) in the phosphatidylethanolamine, and 16:2n-4, 18:2n-4, and 18:3n-4,7,10, with noticeable levels of
20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, and 22:6n-3 in the phosphatidylcholine. In the crab and its eggs, TAG and phospholipid PUFA consisted primarily
of n-4 family (n-4 and n-7) methylene-interrupted PUFA with n-3 and n-6 PUFA. The unique fatty acid composition mix of n-3,
n-4, and n-6 PUFA in S. crosnieri lipids suggests the vent crab utilizing chemosynthetic bacteria, which produce both unusual n-4 and normal n-3 and n-6 PUFA.
Such unique fatty acid composition differs from that reported for other common marine animals, which depend on organic matter
derived from phytoplankton lipids. 相似文献
19.
Zi-Xuan Wu Da-Yong Zhou Man-Tong Zhao Hong-Kai Xie Zhong-Yuan Liu Yan-Fei Liu Yu-Xin Liu Fereidoon Shahidi 《Lipids》2019,54(5):347-356
Total lipids were extracted from razor clams Sinonovacula constricta and Solen gouldi, and the molecular species of glycerophospholipid (Gpl) including choline glycerophospholipid (ChoGpl), ethanolamine glycerophospholipid (EtnGpl), serine glycerophospholipid (SerGpl), inositol glycerophospholipid (InsGpl), lysoChoGpl, lysoEtnGpl, and lysoSerGpl were characterized using a direct-infusion tandem mass spectrometric method for the first time. Meanwhile, the lipid class composition and phospholipid (PL) class composition as well as the fatty acid (FA) composition of total lipids, triacylglycerol (TAG), and PL were also investigated. About 238 and 235 molecular species were characterized, respectively, in Sinonovacula constricta and Solen gouldi. The majority of the dominant Gpl molecular species contained n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Also, razor clam lipids contained a high-proportioned PL (52.19–65.41% of total lipids) and PUFA (47.94–54.81 mol%). Furthermore, PL contained a higher proportion of PUFA (63.05–67.13 mol%), especially DHA (20.04–22.47 mol%) and EPA (16.27–21.46 mol%) than TAG (the corresponding values being 33.73–34.45, 11.95–12.27, and 8.13–0.8.99 mol%, respectively). Meanwhile, phosphatidylcholine (44.38–46.21 mol%) and phosphatidylethanolamine (38.84–39.95 mol%) were dominant among PL. In consideration of the high proportion of PUFA-enriched Gpl, razor clam plays a great role in promoting human health. 相似文献
20.
Modulation of arachidonate and docosahexaenoate in Morone chrysops larval tissues and the effect on growth and survival 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The extent to which extreme dietary levels of arachidonate (AA) and/pr docosahexaenoate (DHA) modulate lipid composition in
the body tissues and consequently affect growth and survival in freshwater Morone larvae species was examined. White bass, M. chrysops, larvae (day 24–46) were fed Artemia nauplii enriched with algal oils containing varying proportions of AA and DHA (from 0 to over 20% the total fatty acids).
Growth was significantly reduced (P<0.05) in larvae fed a DHA-deficient Artemia diet. Increases in dietary levels of AA also were associated with a significant growth reduction. However, the inhibitory
effect of AA on larvae growth could be suppressed by the dietary addition of DHA (at a level of 21.6% of the total fatty acids
in enrichment lipids). Larval brain+eyes tissue accumulated over 10 times more DHA than AA in its structural lipids (phosphatidylcholine,
phosphatidylethanolamine) at any dietary ratio. In contrast, DHA accumulation, as compared to AA, in gill lipids declined
considerably at higher than 10∶1 DHA/AA tissue ratios. DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) contents in brain+eyes tissue were
most sensitive to competition from dietary AA, being displaced from the tissue at rates of 0.36±0.07 mg DHA and 0.46±0.11
mg EPA per mg increase in tissue AA, and 0.55±0.14 mg AA per mg increase in tissue DHA. On the other hand, AA and EPA levels
in gill tissue were most sensitive to dietary changes in DHA levels; AA was displaced at rates of 0.37±0.11 mg, whereas EPA
increased at rates of 0.68±0.28 mg per mg increase in tissue DHA. Results suggest that balanced dietary DHA/AA ratios (that
allow DHA/AA ratios of 2.5∶1 in brain+eyes tissue) promote a high larval growth rate, which also correlates with maximal regulatory
response in tissue essential fatty acids. 相似文献