非线性接触下直线电机悬架作动器模态分析

针对直线电机式悬架作动器模态分析误差较大的问题,提出影响分析结果的非线性因素--法向接触刚度,通过优化接触刚度因子实现对作动器模态的精确分析。利用ANSYS Workbench对其进行了有限元仿真,研究了作动器各部件在不同阶数下的固有频率变化值,获得了作动器固有频率与接触刚度因子的相互影响关系,得到了作动器在最优接触刚度因子下的固有频率与振型图,分析了运行速度与模态频率之间的关系曲线。结果表明:初级铁心对样机结构整体频率影响最大;接触刚度因子等于0.6时,固有频率最优以及形变位移值最小;在第2阶频率下,作动器整体变形量较小,最大变形集中在次级铁心两端量;模态频率随运行速度的增大而增大。最后对悬架作动器样机进行了模态试验,仿真值与试验值较好吻合,验证了分析结果的正确性。     

大型分体式磁轴承电动机系统定子模态分析

准确分析定子固有模态对低振动噪声电机系统优化设计和控制有十分重要的意义。针对大型分体式磁轴承电动机系统,采用有限元仿真方法分析轴向磁轴承定子绕组、径向磁轴承定子叠片结构、机座螺栓连接以及底座附加质量对大型分体式磁轴承电动机系统定子模态的影响。结果表明:轴向轴承定子绕组对定子固有频率影响较大,宜采用质量计入铁心的方式处理;径向轴承定子叠片结构对定子固有频率的影响较小,可按各向同性处理;机座螺栓连接刚度对机座固有频率有一定影响,但当连接刚度远大于机座刚度时,影响较小;底座附加质量对整机模态频率有一定的影响,但对不同振型的固有频率的影响效果相差较大。计算了整机的模态频率,并与振动试验结果进行了对比验证。     

Experimental modal test of the spiral bevel gear wheel using the PolyMAX method

To verify the effectiveness and correctness of free modal analysis results from a Spiral bevel gear (SBG) wheel by using Finite element method (FEM), an experimental platform was constructed through the free-hanging support of the SBG wheel. The experiment used the hammer knock percussion for excitation and a three-directional acceleration sensor as signal acquisition equipment and utilized the LMS modal analysis module. The geometric model of the SBG wheel was constructed using an eight-node octagon instead of the SBG wheel outer contour. The experiment then extracted the modal parameters of the wheel using the PolyMAX method and obtained the first- and second-order natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes of the SBG wheel at 0-7 kHz during the experimental modal test. The results of the experimental test were compared with those of the FEM free modal analysis. The first- and second-order natural frequency error rates by FEM were 0.25 % and 0.45 %, respectively. The experimental modal test result verified the rationality of the model by FEM, thus showing that the result of modal analysis by FEM is reliable and providing a basis for the dynamic characteristic analysis of SBG.     

四足直线超声电机模态频率一致性调节

在分析四足直线超声电机工作机理的基础之上,指出超声电机定子两工作模态频率不一致会影响超声电机的输出性能和效率。针对这一问题,根据初等结构摄动理论,结合四足直线超声电机定子动力学方程,借助有限元分析软件,找到了调节四足直线超声电机定子两相工作模态频率一致性调节的合理位置,以及对该位置进行修改时修改量与定子两工作模态频率差值的关系。对某一样机定子进行了频率一致性调节试验,该样机定子两相模态频率差值从调节前的400Hz减小到82Hz。试验结果表明,采用这一方法对四足直线超声电机定子模态频率进行一致性调节是方便且有效可行的。     

龙门式机床横梁结构有限元模态分析

龙门式机床横梁的动刚度是影响机床加工精度的重要因素。针对某企业的研发产品,通过建立龙门式机床横梁的三维实体模型和有限元模型,对横梁进行了有限元模态分析,得出了横梁前四阶模态的固有频率和振型。数值结果表明该产品具有良好的动态刚度特性,为后续的优化设计提供了理论依据。     

Modal disturbance investigation of rod-shaped ultrasonic motor using bending vibrations

Modal disturbance of a rod-shaped ultrasonic motor using bending vibrations can cause problems such as low motor efficiency, instability, and poor control. In this paper, a dynamic analysis model of a stator is created on the basis of the finite element method (FEM) and Hamilton principle. The modal frequency sensitivities of the stator to the structure parameters are investigated by modal analysis. Accordingly, the structure parameters of the stator are modified to separate working modes from disturbance modes. A rod-shaped ultrasonic motor stator is fabricated, and the experimental results of its amplitude frequency response characteristics show that the purpose of modal separation is achieved. The frequency separation between working modes and disturbance modes is more than 2 kHz. The validity of the method is verified.     

超声电机定子模态频率的调节

Langevin振子型杆式超声电机利用两个空间正交、同频的弯曲振动模态工作.由于Langevin振子具有预紧力沿周向分布不均、加工有误差和材料不均匀等缺陷,加工好的电机定子两相弯振模态频率往往不一致.本文从理论上分析了两相模态频率不一致对电机输出性能的影响,并提出了一种调节电机模态频率的方法.通过结构摄动理论可知,当在电机定子的合适位置去除或增加一块质量时,能改变其模态频率.求解定子的动力学方程,得出了定子修改后的模态频率.通过有限元分析和模态分析,确定了定子修改的合适位置.最后制作了定子样机,对修改前后的定子模态频率进行了测试.结果表明,两相弯振模态频率之差由原来的1 860 Hz调整到了0 Hz,验证了本文方法的正确性.本文方法在定子装配好的状态下,对其两相频率进行调节,可以降低超声电机的制作成本,提高电机的输出性能.     

Dynamic characterization of machining systems

In the working space model of machining, an experimental procedure is implemented to determine the elastic behaviour of the machining system. In this paper, a dynamic characterization and vibration analysis has long been used for the detection and identification of the machine tool condition. The natural frequencies of the lathe machining system are required (Ernault HN400??France) according to three different situations with no cutting process are acquired. The system modal analysis is used to identify the natural frequencies. These frequencies are then compared to the ones obtained on the spindle numerical model by finite element method. This work is validated by experimental tests based on measures of the lathe machine tool frequencies domain. The main objective is to identify a procedure giving the natural frequency values for the machine tool components, in order to establish a better condition in the cutting process of the machine tool.     

基于结合面的立式加工中心进给系统的动态特性分析

机床进给系统的动态特性的优良直接影响到机床的定位精度,因此对进给系统的动态特性进行分析对提高机床加工精度及加工性能有重要意义。以某立式加工中心的滚珠丝杠进给系统为研究对象,利用Ansys建立包含结合部特性的进给系统有限元模型。在此基础上,通过模态分析和谐响应分析,得到了进给系统的固有频率和振动特性。通过分析改变各个结合面刚度对系统固有频率影响的敏感程度,找到了系统的薄弱结合面,并对这些结合面刚度值进行优化,提高了进给系统的动态特性。     

数控机床动态特性测试与分析研究

应用试验模态分析方法对某型号数控机床进行了模态试验,得到其固有频率、阻尼比、模态振型、动刚度等参数。测试结果表明,主要薄弱环节集中在滑枕、滑板、立柱处。将现代测试手段和模态分析技术相结合,在综合分析实验结果的基础上,提出在滑枕处增加镶条来提高机床动刚度的方法,并用实验验证了改进措施的有效性。     

Modal testing of nanocomposite materials through an optimization algorithm

An efficient identification method for modal testing of viscoelastic composite materials is demonstrated in this paper, through the analytical–experimental transfer function method. The procedure for the identification of analytical–experimental transfer functions is carried out using a genetic algorithm (GA) by minimizing the difference between the measured response from tests and the calculated response, which is a function of the modal parameters. The analytical transfer functions provide a sub-structuring process to identify modes, as a function of damped natural frequencies and loss factors of a complex structure and it is insensitive to experimental noise as well as the modal coupling effect. The proposed method is verified with the calculation of the elastic modulus and modal properties of a cantilever steel beam with the FEM and compared with the identification results of the proposed algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by investigating the static and dynamic behavior of epoxy cantilever beam specimens reinforced with silica nanoparticles. Analytical–experimental transfer functions accurately identified the viscoelastic and dynamic response of the studied specimens, while the results indicated that the inclusion of nanosilica particles increased the stiffness of the epoxy network and the damping response of the reinforced specimens is improved.     

半挂牵引车车架模态分析

建立了以板壳单元为基本单元的半挂牵引车车架有限元分析模型,应用NASTRAN有限元分析软件对车架进行了模态分析。计算了该车架在自由状态下的模态参数,并分析了其振动特性和对整车性能的影响。计算结果与试验结果对比分析表明,所建立的有限元模型和分析方法是可行的,可为车架结构的进一步改进提供依据。     

信息融合与响应面联合的渡槽结构模型修正

针对大型渡槽损伤诊断研究中有限元模型精度问题,提出一种基于信息融合与响应面法(response surface method,简称RSM)的有限元模型修正方法,能够兼顾优化目标和参数优化两个环节。以某灌区渡槽为研究对象,建立初始有限元模型,采用试验设计方法构建待修正参数与特征频率的设计空间,经过参数筛选后建立设计样本的响应面模型;引入自适应噪声的完整集成经验模态分解和奇异值分解(complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise-singular value decompose,简称CEEMDAN-SVD)降噪方法联合方差贡献率数据级融合算法,对正常运行工况下覆盖三跨槽身振测信号进行多通道融合处理以获取完整有效的实测频率,并以此为目标值对响应面模型进行最优化求解,实现多跨渡槽有限元模型的参数优化。结果表明,修正后的有限元模型计算出的频率与实测频率吻合较好,最大误差为-4.38%,有效解决了大型渡槽结构有限元模型的精度问题,为后续结构损伤诊断等仿真研究提供基准模型。     

半挂牵引车车架模态分析

建立了以板壳单元为基本单元的半挂牵引车车架有限元分析模型，应用NASTRAN有限元分析软件对车架进行了模态分析。计算了该车架在自由状态下的模态参数，并分析了其振动特性和对整车性能的影响。计算结果与试验结果对比分析表明，所建立的有限元模型和分析方法是可行的，可为车架结构的进一步改进提供依据。     

Imbalance Response and Stability Characteristics of a Rotor Supported by Hybrid Air Foil Bearings

This article presents the imbalance response of a 4.84-kg rotor of 49 mm in diameter supported by hybrid air foil bearings (HAFBs). In this work, hybrid means hydrostatic injection of pressurized air into the air film. Previous experimental works by the authors on HAFBs with different designs (elastic supports, overall size, number of top foils) considered the load capacity at low speeds and the cooling effectiveness of the hybrid operation. The current article investigates the rotordynamics performance of HAFBs. The HAFB in this work has three top foils with hydrodynamic preload with a clearance distribution similar to traditional three-lobe bearings. The imbalance response in cylindrical mode is presented with different supply pressures (2.67–4.67 bar). Imbalance responses near the critical speeds do not clearly show the effect of increased pressure on the bearing stiffness, natural frequency, and damping around the critical speeds. However, the frequency of subsynchronous vibrations (considered to be the natural frequency of the rotor-bearing system) at high speeds increases slightly with the pressure. The increased supply pressure is more effective in suppressing the subsynchronous vibrations at high speeds rather than affecting the modal stiffness and natural frequencies. Prediction using modal impedance curves calculated from a linear perturbation method slightly overpredicts (4–9%) the measured natural frequencies.     

基于ANSYS的拱架式贴片机整机动力学建模与模态分析

贴片机工作速度快,效率高,其动态性能对芯片的贴装精度影响大。首先建立贴片机的三维有限元模型,然后利用AN SYS对拱架式贴片机PS1000的整机进行了动力学建模与模态分析。通过对低阶模态分析发现,低阶固有频率与整机的工作频率较为接近,容易产生共振,机架和横梁容易产生平移振动,影响贴装精度,故应该适当提高贴片机的工作频率或提高机架和横梁的刚性,以避免共振区域。最后,采用LMS振动测试仪对样机进行锤击法模态测量,进行了样机的实验模态分析,验证了ANSYS模态分析的可靠性。     

A NEW METHOD FOR STRUCTURAL MODEL UPDATING AND JOINT STIFFNESS IDENTIFICATION

A new model updating method is presented here with emphasis on identification of joint stiffnesses. A so-called reduced-order characteristic polynomial (ROCP) is first defined in terms of the measured natural frequency, the partial modal properties predicted from a flawed FEM model and the model parameters to be updated or identified. Based on the premise that each of the measured natural frequencies is a root of the ROCP, a set of non-linear equations becomes immediately available from which the interested model parameters can be determined. The experimental data required are simply the measured natural frequencies, rather than the usually incomplete and less-accurate displacement or FRF data. In addition, there is no modal matching needed here, which can lead to a considerable saving of the resources and efforts spent on measurements and correlation analyses. The proposed technique is verified by using simulation data. The current scheme is easily generalised into an advanced optimisation formulation, which would allow various constraints to be explicitly imposed upon the model parameters and a wide spectrum of algorithms to be directly used for finding a solution.     

基于测试与仿真的机床整机动态特性分析

建立数控机床整机系统有限元模型,对于预估和优化机床的性能有着重要的意义。但是,由于整机系统结构复杂以及存在各种形式的结合面,因而很难直接建立反映实际的有限元计算模型。文中以沈阳机床集团某立式加工中心为例,研究了数控机床整机系统有限元建模方法。首先,在保证力学关系不变的情况下,对整机系统进行了物理模型的简化。其次,在有限元模型的固定和滑动结合部中引入接触区域分布设置弹簧来模拟结合面的法向和切向刚度。最后,以测试的模态参数为基准,修正不准确的有限元模型,使模型的频率误差小于15%,得到可以反映实际动态特性的有限元模型。     

Analysis and modeling for flexible joint interfaces under micro and macro scale

The flexible joint interfaces with random topography are re-constructed by data point cloud obtained by experimental measurements and a contact model between two rough random surfaces is established. Contact analysis is conducted by FEM considering the elasto-plastic constitution of the material. An exponential relationship model between normal pressure and normal deformation of the joint interfaces is presented by least-square method, and furthermore, the normal contact stiffness expressions of unit area of the joint interfaces are deduced. In order to use micro-scale model to deal with large scale practical engineering interfaces, a cantilever structure connected by bolted joint is taken as a macro scale example, and its dynamic model is established with the pressure distribution on the interface and real contact area obtained by simulations and experiments. Modal test experiments are conducted, and the first three natural frequencies and frequency response functions are obtained to validate the model.     

Modal disturbance investigation of rod-shaped ultrasonic motor using bending vibrations

Modal disturbance of a rod-shaped ultrasonic motor using bending vibrations can cause problems such as low motor efficiency, instability, and poor control. In this paper, a dynamic analysis model of a stator is created on the basis of the finite element method (FEM) and Hamilton principle. The modal frequency sensitivities of the stator to the structure parameters are investigated by modal analysis. Accordingly, the structure parameters of the stator are modified to separate working modes from disturbance modes. A rod-shaped ultrasonic motor stator is fabricated, and the experimental results of its amplitude frequency response characteristics show that the purpose of modal separation is achieved. The frequency separation between working modes and disturbance modes is more than 2 kHz. The validity of the method is verified. __________ Translated from Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics, 2008, 30(6) [译自: 压电与声光]