Attention and complacency

The problem of complacency is analysed, and it is shown that previous research that claims to show its existence is defective, because the existence of complacency can not be proved unless optimal behaviour is specified as a benchmark. Using gedanken experiments, it is further shown that, in general, not even with optimal monitoring can all signals be detected. Complacency is concerned with attention (monitoring, sampling), not with detection, and there is little evidence for complacent behaviour. To claim that behaviour is complacent is to blame the operator for failure to detect signals. This is undesirable, since so-called complacent behaviour may rather be the fault of poor systems design.     

A case for information theory-based modelling of human multitasking performance

Technological advances have led to increased prevalence of human multitasking. Traditionally, multitasking performance is measured for each individual task, utilising multiple performance metrics. Recently, the human operator informatic model (HOIM) has been developed as a quantitative model of human–machine interaction capable of measuring multitasking performance with a single metric. In this study, we investigated the performance effects of both a different number of tasks and five different task combinations while maintaining a constant level of overall difficulty. Results indicate that, at a constant difficulty level, neither number of tasks nor task combination significantly affects multitasking performance, indicating the reliability of input baud rate as a measure of system complexity. No task interaction effects were found among the different tasks. This study demonstrates the application of information theory for modelling of human multitasking performance and makes a case for the use of the HOIM in future studies of human information processing.     

机械系统人机界面优化匹配方法的研究

针对机械系统人机界面的匹配问题，提出了一种以评价指标为基础的优化方法。该评价指标含有主观评价和客观评价两部分，评价的结果具有科学性。优化方法可以在所有的可行解区域内进行搜索并寻找最优的匹配方案，使人机界面的设计能够符合工效学的基本原则。     

基于人因指数的人机界面评价

目前人机界面的评价大都依据个人的感觉、经验。对人机界面评价的理论、方法尚处于探讨之中。该文在主、客观评价基础上提出了人机界面"人因指数"综合评价指标,建立了基于灰色聚类分析的人机界面"人因指数"综合评价模型。结合某型潜艇综合显控台进行了人机界面的综合评价。     

Comments on the ecology of representations in computerised systems

This paper discusses how the difference between the disembodied and the embodied perspective on the human mind gives rise to a disagreement as to the status of representations in computerised systems. A major claim of the disembodied approach of contemporary cognitive science is that mental representations are constructed on the basis of sensory input. Hence, it is the mental mechanisms for the interpretation of these data that matters, not the external system representation per se. The embodied approach on the other hand claims that mental representations emerge as a relation between the perceiver and the perceived. Because the body constrains how we can perceive anything, the system representation per se is important. Following the latter approach, the ecology of common forms of representations were mapped. The mapping of representations, together with the notion of distributed cognitive systems, points in the direction of further augmentation of the ecology of human-machine systems. A case from energy management was presented which gives an example of how such a task might be pursued.     

数控机床软件界面人的因素分析

软件是数控机床的重要组成部分,充分考虑人的因素,设计戎用户界面具有非常重要意义。从人的谁知心理、用户使用、菜单语义结构角度对数控ＣＮＣ５０００ Ｖ２００ Ｍｉｌｌｉｎｇ的软件用户界面进行分析,提出了现存的问题和解决方法。     

基于ARM的机组式凹印机色组人机界面系统设计

目的 根据机组式凹印机色组控制操作方便、快捷的功能需求,文中设计一款基于ARM的嵌入式色组人机界面系统。方法 在剖析电子轴控制系统结构组成的基础上,分析色组人机界面系统功能需求,提出基于ARM的嵌入式人机界面系统总体方案。利用Altium Designer软件对人机界面系统的硬件电路进行设计,利用Keil C软件对人机界面系统的软件进行开发,并对其性能进行实验研究。结果 经实验可知,人机界面系统具备显示、触摸操作、数据管理等功能,且触摸精度小于5个像素。结论 实验结果表明,文中设计的嵌入式人机界面系统可以满足机组式凹印机色组控制操作的要求。     

汽车衡软件作弊监控系统设计

针对目前汽车衡软件作弊问题,研制一套可在实际运行工况下实时监测称重数据的系统。该系统采用A/D称重模块测量重量参数,基于人机界面架构,应用组态软件开发设计,选用SD卡存储实时数据,结合3G通信模块实现数据信息的远程传输功能。测试结果表明:该系统不仅架构简单、工作稳定,而且各项指标均达到设计要求,具有良好的可靠性和应用前景。     

Human–machine interaction theories and lane departure warnings

A technological race toward always ever-increasing automation is engaged, a race in which automation users are hardly considered. This explains why more automation is not necessarily for the best. A variety of human–machine interaction (HMI) theories co-exist. First, those HMI theories and predictions for lane departure warnings systems (LDWS, assisted driving automation) are described. Second, a synthesis of the key questions currently addressed by empirical data on LDWS is offered. Lastly, a new model of human–machine cooperation modelling is proposed. The model has been inspired by previous theories and empirical data collected with LDWS-assisted driving. Interestingly, automation such as LDWS seems to avoid the ‘ironies of automation’ with no negative effects on human performance. However, a major issue to be addressed is poor automation acceptance. While the focus was set on LDWS to offer a complete overview for this type of device, the model may be extended to other warning assistance devices.