人眼对比敏感度函数测量方法研究

根据对比度及对比敏感度函数的定义,提出了一种基于积分球和特制调光器产生人眼对比敏感度测试目标的方法,搭建了人眼对比敏感度函数自动化测量系统。该系统采用交叉阶梯法进行心理物理学实验,可以实现人眼对比敏感度函数的测量,可测量的空间频率包括0.8,1.5,2.0,3.0,4.5,6.0,12.0和18.0周/(°),对比度测试目标背景亮度示值误差±5%,对比度重复性0.001,复现性0.004,均满足人眼对比敏感度函数的测量要求。     

Monitoring dynamic processes with alphanumeric and graphic displays

Three experiments assessed the relative efficiency of graphic and tabular displays for detecting changes in periodic sine functions, simulating a dynamic process. In all three experiments, line graphs had an advantage over tables for response times, for correct detections and identifications, and for false alarms. However, this advantage depended on the type of change that indicated a malfunction. The largest difference between the displays was evident for the detection of changes in a function's frequency and smaller differences were found for the detection of changes in amplitude and intercept. Results also indicated that participants adapted their detection methods to the types of possible changes. The findings demonstrate the value of graphic displays for process control and substantiate the claim that graphic displays have an advantage when the displayed information has inherent structure and when the task requires the use of this structure. In addition, task performance was the subject of adaptive changes, which depend on the context in which the task is performed.     

颜色属性辨析

颜色属性是色彩学的基本概念,正确理解、应用颜色属性非常重要.本文对亮度、有色度、明度、饱和度、彩度等容易混淆的颜色属性进行辨析,举例简述了它们的应用方法,为正确应用颜色属性提供了参考.     

Augmented reality cues to assist older drivers with gap estimation for left-turns

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of augmented reality (AR) cues designed to assist middle-aged and older drivers with a range of UFOV impairments, judging when to make left-turns across oncoming traffic. Previous studies have shown that AR cues can help middle-aged and older drivers respond to potential roadside hazards by increasing hazard detection without interfering with other driving tasks. Intersections pose a critical challenge for cognitively impaired drivers, prone to misjudge time-to-contact with oncoming traffic. We investigated whether AR cues improve or interfere with hazard perception in left-turns across oncoming traffic for drivers with age-related cognitive decline. Sixty-four middle-aged and older drivers with a range of UFOV impairment judged when it would be safe to turn left across oncoming traffic approaching the driver from the opposite direction in a rural stop-sign controlled intersection scenario implemented in a static base driving simulator. Outcome measures used to evaluate the effectiveness of AR cueing included: Time-to-Contact (TTC), Gap Time Variation (GTV), Response Rate, and Gap Response Variation (GRV). All drivers estimated TTCs were shorter in cued than in uncued conditions. In addition, drivers responded more often in cued conditions than in uncued conditions and GRV decreased for all drivers in scenarios that contained AR cues. For both TTC and response rate, drivers also appeared to adjust their behavior to be consistent with the cues, especially drivers with the poorest UFOV scores (matching their behavior to be close to middle-aged drivers). Driver ratings indicated that cueing was not considered to be distracting. Further, various conditions of reliability (e.g., 15% miss rate) did not appear to affect performance or driver ratings.