解决二维下料问题的顺序启发式算法

求解二维下料问题即求解如何用最少的板材排入所需的全部毛坯的问题。一种基于价值修正策略的顺序启发式算法被用来生成排样方案,方案中的排样方式按单位面积价值最大生成,在各排样方式顺序生成的过程中不断修正方式中使用到的毛坯的价值。迭代调用该过程多次生成多个排样方案,从中选择最优的排样方案。通过实验证明算法的有效性。     

一种有效的求解一维下料问题的启发式算法

使用了一种改进的顺序启发式算法,在排样方式的生成过程中不断修正当前排入毛坯的价值,使之趋于合理,依次选取求解背包函数获得的最大单位价值的排样方式组成当前排样方案,迭代调用该过程多次,最终选取最优的排样方案。在保证较高材料利用率的同时考虑减少排样方式,增加最后一根材料余料长度等多个优化目标。通过多组实验结果比较,证实了算法的有效性。     

一维下料问题中提高计算效率方法的研究

讨论一维下料问题,对原有的基于顺序价值修正的启发式算法进行改进。每次使用动态规划算法求解当前最优排样方式的背包问题,保存多个价值最优的排样方式提供给SHP算法选择,修改对应的回退算法,提高算法的计算效率。综合考虑材料利用率和可重复次数,优先选择有利于后面排样方式生成的排样方式。在记录下的大量较优结果中,最终选取满足需要的排样方案进行使用。在计算过程中,结合多线程技术,进一步提高计算效率。实验结果表明,改进后的算法能够有效地提高材料利用率,简化切割方式,在计算时间上优势明显。     

应用精确两阶段排样图的板材下料算法

求解基于精确两阶段排样图的二维下料问题,用最小的板材成本,生产出所需要的全部毛坯。将顺序启发式算法和排样图生成算法相结合,顺序生成排样方案中的各个排样图;采用顺序价值修正策略,在生成每个排样图后修正其中所含各种毛坯的价值。经过多次迭代生成多个排样方案,从中选择最好者。实验计算时与商业软件和文献算法相比较,结果表明所述算法可以更为有效地减少板材消耗。     

基于价值修正的圆片下料顺序启发式算法

讨论圆片剪冲下料方案的设计问题。下料方案由一组排样方式组成。首先构造一种生成圆片条带最优四块排样方式的背包算法,然后采用基于价值修正的顺序启发式算法迭代调用上述背包算法,每次都根据生产成本最小的原则改善目标函数并修正各种圆片的当前价值,按照当前价值生成一个新的排样方式,最后选择最优的一组排样方式组成下料方案。采用文献中的基准测题将文中下料算法与文献中T 型下料算法和启发式下料算法分别进行比较。实验计算结果表明,该算法的材料利用率比T 型下料算法和启发式下料算法分别高0.83%和3.63%,且计算时间在实际应用中合理。     

冲裁件条料最优四块剪切下料方案的生成算法

讨论冲裁件条料剪切下料方案的设计问题。下料方案由一组排样方式组成。首先构造一种生成条料最优四块排样方式的背包算法,然后采用基于列生成的线性规划算法迭代调用上述背包算法,每次都根据生产成本最小的原则改善目标函数并确定各种冲裁件的当前价值,按照当前价值生成一个新的排样方式,最后选择最优的一组排样方式组成下料方案。采用例题将该排样方式生成算法和文献中多段排样方式生成算法进行比较,实验计算结果表明,该算法得到的排样方式排样价值较高。最后通过文献中实例的下料方案求解,可以看出该算法解决实际下料问题是有效的。     

二维板材切割下料问题的一种确定性算法

研究二维板材切割下料问题,即使用最少板材切割出一定数量的若干种矩形件。 提出一种结合背包算法和线性规划算法的确定性求解算法。首先构造生成均匀条带四块排样方 式的背包算法;然后采用线性规划算法迭代调用上述背包算法,每次均根据生产成本最小原则 改善目标函数并修正各种矩形件的当前价值,按照当前价值生成新的排样方式;最后选择最优 的一组排样方式组成排样方案。采用基准测题,将该算法与著名的T 型下料算法进行比较,实 验结果表明,该算法比T 型下料算法更能节省板材,计算时间能够满足实际应用需要。     

基于多阶排样方式的矩形件二维板材下料算法

针对二维剪切下料的特点,提出一种基于多阶排样方式的优化算法。递归构造多阶排样方式,称若干行若干列同种矩形件按照相同方向排列在一起形成的排样方式为0阶排样方式,n(n为正整数)阶排样方式由两个n-1阶排样方式沿着水平方向或竖直方向拼合而成。设计多阶排样方式的递归生成算法,按照阶数从小到大顺序生成多阶排样方式。将列生成算法与多阶排样方式生成算法相结合得到下料方案,按照板材使用张数最少原则确定下料方案中每个排样方式的使用次数。将这里排样方式分别与文献中的匀质条带三块排样方式、双排多段排样方式、简单块占角排样方式和递归四块排样方式进行对比,实验计算结果表明,多阶排样方式的排样价值高于以上4种排样方式。进一步地,将该下料算法与文献下料算法进行对比,实验结果表明该下料算法可提高板材利用率。     

考虑余料价值的三阶段二维剪切下料算法

余料再利用是企业降低成本、减少环境污染的一个重要途径。在二维剪切下料问题中考虑余料的二次利用价值,采用束搜索优化材料利用率高、加工复杂度低的三阶段同质排样方式。束搜索节点既考虑板材中排入的毛坯价值,又考虑余料的二次利用价值,较好地兼顾当前生产周期的下料成本和余料在未来周期中的可用性。演示了排样方式的优化排样过程,给出了考虑余料价值的排样方案与已有文献算法的对比,说明文中算法可有效节省板材成本、生成可用标准余料。     

多尺寸圆木二维下料问题研究

圆木二维下料问题是木材企业中常见问题,针对一些头部与尾部直径相差不大的木材,可以将这些木材看作是圆柱体,下料时将其切成和圆木长度相等的多个长方体毛坯,该问题可转化为二维下料问题。采用顺序价值校正框架和动态规划算法求解该下料问题。顺序生成排样图,每生成一个排样图便调整毛坯的价值,重复该过程直到满足毛坯需求为止。通过迭代生成多个下料方案以便优选。圆木下料的研究对减少木材企业的成本很有意义。     

会话流中Top-k闭序列模式的挖掘

在会话流中挖掘Top—k闭序列模式,存在因相关比率P的大小而导致的内存消耗和挖掘精度之间的冲突。基于False—Negative方法,提出Tstream算法,制定2种约束策略限制ρ。基于该策略设计加权调和计数函数,渐进计算每个模式的支持度。实验结果证明了该算法的有效性。     

On mining multi-time-interval sequential patterns

Sequential pattern mining is essential in many applications, including computational biology, consumer behavior analysis, web log analysis, etc. Although sequential patterns can tell us what items are frequently to be purchased together and in what order, they cannot provide information about the time span between items for decision support. Previous studies dealing with this problem either set time constraints to restrict the patterns discovered or define time-intervals between two successive items to provide time information. Accordingly, the first approach falls short in providing clear time-interval information while the second cannot discover time-interval information between two non-successive items in a sequential pattern. To provide more time-related knowledge, we define a new variant of time-interval sequential patterns, called multi-time-interval sequential patterns, which can reveal the time-intervals between all pairs of items in a pattern. Accordingly, we develop two efficient algorithms, called the MI-Apriori and MI-PrefixSpan algorithms, to solve this problem. The experimental results show that the MI-PrefixSpan algorithm is faster than the MI-Apriori algorithm, but the MI-Apriori algorithm has better scalability in long sequence data.     

A simple algorithm for generating optimal equal circle cutting patterns with minimum sections

The cutting and stamping process is often used to divide stock plates into circular items. A guillotine machine cuts the plates into strips at the cutting phase. A stamping press stamps out the items from strips at the stamping phase. Normal patterns have been proposed for the case of equal circles. They consist of sections that contain strips of the same direction. The cutting process can be simplified if the number of sections is reduced. This short communication presents a simple algorithm for selecting from the optimal patterns the one that has the minimum number of sections. It assumes that the pattern value equals the value of the produced items minus the cost of the sections. The expected solution can be obtained by using an adequate section cost. The algorithm is faster and much simpler to design than a recently published algorithm.     

序列模式数据挖掘算法的并行化研究

序列模式在许多领域都有着重要的应用,大量的数据和模式需要高效的、可扩展的并行算法.针对目前序列模式挖掘算法存在的普遍问题,在对串行序列模式数据挖掘算法研究的基础上,本文提出了一种并行的序列模式数据挖掘算法.通过理论分析与实验验证可知:该并行数据挖掘算法,在海量数据的情形下,能很好地提高数据挖掘的效率.     

CMRules: Mining sequential rules common to several sequences

Sequential rule mining is an important data mining task used in a wide range of applications. However, current algorithms for discovering sequential rules common to several sequences use very restrictive definitions of sequential rules, which make them unable to recognize that similar rules can describe a same phenomenon. This can have many undesirable effects such as (1) similar rules that are rated differently, (2) rules that are not found because they are considered uninteresting when taken individually, (3) and rules that are too specific, which makes them less likely to be used for making predictions. In this paper, we address these problems by proposing a more general form of sequential rules such that items in the antecedent and in the consequent of each rule are unordered. We propose an algorithm named CMRules for mining this form of rules. The algorithm proceeds by first finding association rules to prune the search space for items that occur jointly in many sequences. Then it eliminates association rules that do not meet the minimum confidence and support thresholds according to the sequential ordering. We evaluate the performance of CMRules in three different ways. First, we provide an analysis of its time complexity. Second, we compare its performance (in terms of execution time, memory usage and scalability) with an adaptation of an algorithm from the literature that we name CMDeo. For this comparison, we use three real-life public datasets, which have different characteristics and represent three kinds of data. In many cases, results show that CMRules is faster and has a better scalability for low support thresholds than CMDeo. Lastly, we report a successful application of the algorithm in a tutoring agent.