泡沫镁的制备及其性能和应用

论述了渗流铸造法、定向凝固法、熔模铸造法、粉末冶金法、整体铸造法、熔体直接发泡法、真空发泡法和中空球铸造法等几种主要的泡沫镁制备方法,从泡沫镁合金的仿生性能和力学性能两方面突出泡沫镁合金在将来的汽车、航天航空、船舶、生医材料等领域的巨大应用潜力。在综述分析泡沫镁材料研究现状的基础上,针对存在的问题和不足,提出了泡沫镁合金今后研究发展的方向。     

多孔金属材料的制备及应用

根据制备过程中金属的状态,从液相法、固相法、金属沉积法三方面介绍了多孔金属材料的制备工艺.液态金属的发泡可以通过直接吹气法发泡法、金属氢化物分解发泡法来实现;固态金属可以通过粉末冶金法、粉末发泡法、金属空心球法和金属粉末纤维烧结法来实现;与前两种不同的是,金属沉积法是采用化学或物理的方法来实现的.最后,讨论了多孔金属材料在结构材料和功能材料两方面的应用.     

多孔镁作为新型骨组织工程材料的研究探索

多孔镁作为骨组织工程材料具有明显的优势.介绍了多孔镁的制备方法,评述了镁基材料作为骨组织工程材料的生物相容性以及在其表面可能制备的生物活性涂层,初步探讨了镁基材料在体内的降解机理,并对多孔镁作为一种新型骨组织工程材料的医用前景进行了展望.     

淀粉基复合发泡材料的加工流变特性及其泡孔形态

以玉米淀粉为基体,辅以相应的增塑剂和发泡剂,利用挤出发泡法制备了淀粉基复合发泡材料。运用双料筒毛细管流变仪研究了甘油增塑剂、NaHCO3发泡剂含量对淀粉基复合发泡材料流变行为的影响。采用扫描电镜（SEM）研究了不同熔体黏度对泡孔形态的影响。结果表明：淀粉基复合发泡材料的熔体流动特性表现为假塑性;随着甘油含量的增加,熔体黏度逐渐下降;随着NaHCO3含量的增加,熔体黏度先下降后提升;随着熔体黏度的降低,熔体内泡孔数量减少,孔径增大,当熔体黏度为1 200 Pa·s时,泡孔大小适中且分布均匀。     

防锈闭孔泡沫Al-Mg-Re基合金的制备与性能

在熔体发泡法制备工艺基础上,引入合金化阻燃技术,制备了Al-Mg-Re基防锈闭孔泡沫铝合金.实验结果表明,熔体发泡前同时加入Mg、Ca和稀土制备的防锈闭孔泡沫Al-Mg-Re基合金孔结构均匀,由于Mg和稀土元素的双重作用,Al-Mg-Re基防锈闭孔泡沫铝合金具有优异的耐腐蚀性能.     

泡沫镁制备技术研究现状及其在航空航天领域的应用前景

泡沫镁作为一种新型功能材料,近年来逐渐受到了国内外的广泛关注,但由于镁过于活泼,易引起爆炸,难以在生产中被大量使用,故关于泡沫镁的研究较少。主要综述了泡沫镁阻尼性能、吸声性能、吸能性能、散热性能、生物医学性能和电磁屏蔽性能等几种主要的性能特点,进而综述了粉末冶金法、熔体发泡法、渗流铸造法等几种常见的泡沫镁材料制备工艺的研究进展,并结合笔者的研究理解对几种制备工艺进行了对比,分析了各种制备方法的优缺点。在此基础上对泡沫镁材料在航空航天领域上的应用进行了分析,表明了其在航空航天领域有着广阔的应用前景。     

多孔金属材料的制备及应用

根据制备过程中金属的状态，从液相法、固相法、金属沉积法三方面介绍了多孔金属材料的制备工艺。液态金属的发泡可以通过直接吹气法发泡法、金属氢化物分解发泡法来实现；固态金属可以通过粉末冶金法、粉末发泡法、金属空心球法和金属粉末纤维烧结法来实现；与前两种不同的是，金属沉积法是采用化学或物理的方法来实现的。最后，讨论了多孔金属材料在结构材料和功能材料两方面的应用。     

国外可降解淀粉发泡材料最新研究进展

主要综述了国外可降解环保型淀粉发泡材料的研究现状,阐述了淀粉挤出发泡和烘焙发泡以及淀粉基聚氨酯泡沫塑料的最新研究进展.同时也概述了超临界熔体挤出法应用于淀粉发泡的最新研究成果和淀粉发泡过程的模型建立,为淀粉发泡材料的进一步工业化应用提供了一定的参考.     

模板法制备超级电容器用多孔炭的研究进展

多孔炭材料具有优良的电导率、高的比表面积以及优异的电化学稳定性,被广泛用于能量存储和转换领域.模板法被认为是制备具有良好孔结构和孔径分布炭材料最成熟的方法之一.本文归纳总结了模板法,包括硬模板(镁基、硅基、锌基、钙基)、软模板(常规软模板、离子液体、低共熔溶剂)、自模板(生物质、金属有机框架)制备超级电容器用分级多孔炭...     

多孔隔热材料的研究现状与进展

多孔隔热材料是利用其基体内封闭气孔中气体的低导热性来达到隔热效能的,是隔热材料体系中应用最广、最有效的材料之一.根据基体中引入气孔方式不同,制备多孔隔热材料的方法可分为基体发泡法,外部引入法和结构控制形成法.此文重点介绍了由以上方法制得的多孔隔热材料的性能及应用,同时展望了多孔高效能隔热材料的发展趋势.     

Effects of viscosity on cellular structure of foamed aluminum in foaming process

The effects of melt viscosity on the foaming process and the structures of foamed aluminum have been examined. Methods for measuring the melt viscosity, pore structure, and foaming process are introduced. To increase the stability of the foaming melt and get the sample with a uniform pore distribution, a proper viscosity is needed. Further, the structure of foamed aluminum can be controlled by adjusting the Ca addition and other process parameters.     

Processing of homogeneous ceramic/polymer blends for bioresorbable composites

Three methods to mix ceramic fillers, hydroxyapatite or β-tricalcium phosphate, with a polymer matrix, a poly l-lactic acid, are investigated as a first step prior to supercritical foaming to prepare porous composite structures for biomedical applications. First the dry process consists in mixing ceramic powder and polymer pellets before a compression molding step. The second technique is based on the dispersion of ceramic fillers into a polymer–solvent solution. The third method is a melt extrusion of a ceramic/polymer powder mixture. Each technique is first optimized by defining the processing parameters suitable for the bioresorbable materials considered. Then comparison of the three methods shows that solvent or melt processing results in a more homogeneous filler distribution than the dry technique. Extrusion leads to composites with a higher modulus than solvent prepared compounds and is a solvent-free approach. The former technique is therefore selected to prepare ceramic/polymer blends before supercritical CO₂ foaming.     

高熔体强度聚丙烯的挤出发泡行为

研究了高熔体强度聚丙烯为发泡树脂的挤出发泡行为,分别采用聚合物流变工作站、偏光显微镜、扫描电镜等考察了挤出配方和工艺对发泡体系流变性能及发泡性能的影响。研究发现,高熔体聚丙烯的熔体黏度随发泡剂用量、螺杆温度、螺杆转速的提高而降低,聚丙烯发泡制品的泡孔形态、泡孔密度和尺寸在螺杆温度为(185±3)℃,模头温度为(153±1)℃,螺杆转速为(19±2)r/min,自制发泡剂体系用量为4%时最佳,泡孔尺寸均匀且泡孔密度可以达到每立方厘米2.65×1013个以上,此时发泡倍率为9.6倍。     

不同改性方式对发泡剂在铝熔体中分散性的影响

采用新型发泡剂制备了泡沫铝,研究了包覆改性和混合改性两种改性方式对新型发泡剂在铝熔体中分散性的影响。结果表明,采用Al溶胶和Si溶胶对新型发泡剂进行包覆改性处理,发泡剂分散性差,所制备的泡沫铝存在较多大孔和裂纹;采用TiB2粉末和AlSi合金粉末混合改性处理新型发泡剂时,发泡剂分散性良好,并且随着TiB2和AlSi含量的增加得到的泡沫铝样品裂纹明显减少、泡体趋于均匀,但孔隙率逐渐降低。相比较而言,合金粉末混合改性法比溶胶包覆改性法使发泡剂的分散更均匀,制备的泡沫铝裂纹较少,且泡体结构较均匀。     

Mechanism of grain refinement of an Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy prepared by low-frequency electromagnetic casting

Low-frequency electromagnetic casting (LFEC) process had been developed and is being used for the past several years with the application of an induction coil placed outside the conventional direct chill (DC) casting mould. It has been demonstrated that the LFEC process has a significant grain refining effect on aluminium alloys. In the present study, temperature measurement and direct quenching from liquid and/or semi-solid were carried out to study the temperature field during casting process and to understand the mechanism of the grain-refining effect of the LFEC process. The experimental results showed that in contrast to the conventional DC casting process, the liquid melt from the launder, during the LFEC process, is cooled with very high cooling rate directly to 3–6 °C below the liquidus, and the temperature field of the entire melt in the mould, and the hot top is quite uniform, which results in the enhanced heterogeneous nucleation and improved survival rate of the nuclei. This is believed to be the main reason why the LFEC process can significantly refine the grain size of aluminium alloys.     

Effect of combined application of electromagnetic fields on horizontal direct chill casting of 7050 aluminium alloy

Abstract

Influence of combined electromagnetic field application on horizontal direct chill casting of 7050 aluminium alloy is investigated. Temperature measurement and structure observation are carried out to analyse the casting process under different electromagnetic fields. Combined electromagnetic field can reduce the harmful gravitational thermal effect in the horizontal direct chill casting process and improve the ingot properties. With application of combined electromagnetic field, temperature distribution in the melt is more uniform, sump of the ingot becomes flat and symmetric, surface quality of ingot improves markedly, grain morphology changes from feathery grains to equiaxed grains and grain size decreases. Distribution of copper and zinc in the transverse section of the ingot becomes more uniform.     

Grain refinement of DC cast AZ91D Mg alloy by intensive melt shearing

Abstract

Melt conditioning by advanced shear technology (MCAST) is a new process for microstructural refinement of both cast and wrought magnesium alloys. Melt conditioned direct chill (MCDC) casting combines the MCAST process with conventional direct chill (DC) casting. In the present work, melt conditioning has been combined with permanent mould casting to simulate the production of DC cast AZ91D billets and slabs. The results show that the MCDC process can achieve significantly finer grain size and more uniform microstructure than conventional DC process for both billets and slabs. Grain refinement in the MCDC process is due to the fine and well dispersed oxide particles produced after processing in the MCAST unit.     

The relationship between thermal decomposition properties of titanium hydride and the Al alloy melt foaming process

Using a new temperature programmed decomposition (TPD) theory and related experimental technique, a set of thermal decomposition kinetics equations of titanium hydride can be acquired by separating and simulating its TPD spectrum. According to these equations, the relation curve of decomposition quantity and time for titanium hydride at temperature of 940 K is obtained and the result coincides well with the Al alloy melt foaming process, which provides a scientific basis for controlling the Al alloy melt foam and then the Al alloy foams with different pore structure are successfully prepared.     

Study on casting composite ingot of 4045/3004/4045 aluminum alloys

Two kinds of equipments were designed for casting composite ingots, and three‐layer ingots of 4045/3004/4045 aluminum alloys were prepared by direct‐chill (DC) semi‐continuous casting process, macro‐morphology, microstructure, temperature distribution near the interface, elements distributions and tensile strength of the interface were investigated. The equipment suitable for casting composite ingots was determined, and results show that solid supporting layer with uniform temperature distribution forms near the interface, which ensures the stable casting process. The two different aluminum alloys are well bonded. The criterion for temperature control of solid supporting layer is founded based on the relationship between the interface bonding strength and the temperature of solid supporting layer when contacted by 4045 alloy melt.     

挤压铸造硼酸铝晶须增强Al基复合材料浸渗过程理论分析

本文作者采用挤压铸造法,制取了硼酸铝晶须增强Al基复合材料,并根据Laplace方程及多孔体的渗流物理基本原理,从多孔渗流动力学角度分析了挤压浸渗过程中金属液在多孔体中的流动,认为紊流才是其主要的表现形式。并较详细地分析了晶须长度对预制件孔结构及浸渗的影响。