企业技术创新的风险及防范

技术创新是企业实现科技进步、获得竞争优势、促进经济增长的根本源泉,是企业求得生存和发展的重要基础。但是,技术创新与风险共存,创新风险已成为阻碍企业技术创新的重要因素之一。本文主要通过对技术创新风险的类型和成因进行分析和探讨,从而提出了企业进行技术创新风险防范的措施。     

试论市场经济条件下加强标准化工作的重要性

邯郸钢铁公司推行的“模拟市场核算,实行成本否决”机制是在市场经济条件下走出的一条成功之路。随着改革的深化,我国经济体制已由计划经济向社会主义市场经济改变,企业在市场中求生存,求发展。在企业进入市场,成为市场竞争主体的过程中,标准化工作就成为了参与市场竞争、寻找自我发展的技术基础和手段;并成为扩大对外经济贸易和技术交流、发展外向型经济、与国际接轨的技术桥梁和纽带。所以随着改革开放的深入发展,加强企业标准化工作的重要性也越来越突出。1　强化和完善标准管理体制是市场经济的需要社会主义市场经济的建立和发展,对我们…     

冶金机械的绿色设计和制造重点技术探讨

当前国内经济处于转型调整期,绿色生产成为各行业研究的焦点和发展趋势。冶金机械作为冶金生产的基础设备,需要从理论和应用上综合考虑对环境和资源的影响。冶金机械设计阶段要从产品的功能、开发周期和成本控制等环节实现充分考虑。企业不断推广绿色设计和制造技术是主动适应市场激烈竞争环境,赢得发展先机的基础。主要分析了冶金机械的绿色设计和重点制造技术,为推进企业发展提供借鉴。     

井下采矿技术存在问题及优化措施探讨

井下采矿工作作为我国工业发展建设的基础内容之一,直接关乎到我国国民经济的发展与人们生活质量。井下采矿技术作为井下采矿工作的应用基础,受金属矿层的强度与结构、技术人员的技能与水平、开采企业的经济能力等因素的影响,使井下采矿工作出现一定的问题,制约井下采矿技术的实施与应用,制约采矿工作的发展。为此,本文将针对井下采矿技术所存在的问题进行分析与探讨,详细的制定出相应的优化策略。     

冶金电气自动化控制技术特点与应用

现今我国社会经济水平迅速发展,工业行业也迅速提升,进而成为我国社会经济发展的主要支柱产业之一.冶金企业的数量以及规模也逐年增加,现今我国科技水平也逐年发展,电气自动化技术也广泛应用到各个行业中,冶金企业也逐渐对电气自动化控制技术进行探究,并将其应用到系统中.冶金电气自动化技术的应用具有一定的夜店,现今其行业对其技术应用...     

轧钢机械设备管理与维护的重要性

随着我国经济的快速发展,建设工程的现代化生产也跟着不断地进步,在企业的发展中,各类现代化高科技设备在生产中的位置也越来越重要,而一旦提高了高科技设备的工作效率,企业的生产实力和市场竞争力也就跟着提高了。目前我国的企业管理工作中,对轧钢设备的管理,占据着重要的作用。而随着科技和经济的不断进步,对轧钢技术提出更高的要求,因此对轧钢设备的管理和维护也就成为发展中的重要工作之一。     

设计企业在总承包转型发展中造价管理的一些思考

在国家大力推进企业开展工程总承包业务的宏观背景下,国内各行业内设计类企业加快转型,由传统勘察设计、咨询等基础业务体系快速发展成为以工程总承包为主要业务支撑体系的工程公司,但在转型过程中也有不成功的案例,转型发展过程中存在诸多技术、经济、管理等相关性问题,本文旨在通过梳理本人从造价管理视角体会的企业转型过程中的一些实际性...     

定制培训提升员工素质浅议

1前言企业竞争的焦点不仅在于资金、技术等传统资源上,更是建立在人力资本基础的创新能力上。同时经济的全球化发展使得企业间的竞争范围更加广阔,市场变化速度日益加快,面对严峻的挑战,企业必须保持持续学习的能力,不断追踪日新月异的先进技术和管理思想,才能在广阔的市场中拥有一席之地。加强对员工的教育培训,提升员工素质,使人力资本持续增值,从而持续提升企业业绩和实现战略规划,已成为企业界的共识。强化员工培训,可以提高企业竞争力,实现企业战略目标,同时可以将员工个人的发展目标与企业的战略发展目标统一起来,满足员工自我发展的…     

技术结构合理化与加快技术进步步伐

技术结构反映着技术发展的一般趋势,合理的技术结构是加快技术进步的基础。因此,对钢铁工业企业来说,把技术结构的选择与控制合理化,是技术发展战略的重要内容之一。本文仅就钢铁工业企业技术结构的现状及其分类、技术结构的合理化原则和技术结构合理化的途径,提出一些粗浅的看法,供研究和探讨。     

冶金自动化技术应用现状和发展趋势微探

在这个经济迅速增长的时代,我国的冶金自动化技术发展的越来越快,技术在不断突破,冶金需求也在不断地增长,对于一些冶金企业来说前景大好.但是,我国冶金自动化技术的发展仍然存在问题,制约了工业的发展.对此,冶金企业必须加强自动化技术的开发和应用,为企业发展打下坚实的基础.     

银含量对方铅矿浮选的影响及其机理研究进展

为了阐明银含量对方铅矿浮选的影响,提高含银方铅矿中伴生银的综合回收效率,通过全面梳理前人研究成果,对含银方铅矿的资源状况、工艺流程和药剂制度进行了总结。首先,从不同维度和层面（从试验到模拟、从宏观到微观）综述了银含量对方铅矿的影响,其中包括银含量对方铅矿浮选行为及表面接触角的影响。然后,评述了前人利用红外光谱、微热动力学、电化学和量子化学等分析方法开展的有关银含量对方铅矿浮选行为影响机理的研究进展,上述分析方法相互验证,均证实银矿物对方铅矿的浮选有促进作用,且银含量与促进程度呈正相关。最后,针对含银方铅矿今后研究方向和银铅锌矿资源开发,提出科学、合理的建议,如：在现场生产中应尽量避免使用石灰调浆,如必须使用时,应控制好石灰用量,从而减少伴生银的损失。     

Measuring students' connectedness to school, teachers, and family: Validation of three scales.

Connectedness to school, teachers, and family are all significant protective factors in adolescents' lives, yet the measurement of each varies considerably. This article describes the measurement properties of three composite scales of adolescent connectedness, adapted from the Add Health study and the California Healthy Kids Survey. These composite scales are created by either summing or taking the mean of all individual items, measured on an ordinal scale. This approach fails to account for the ordinal, non-normal nature of the data. Using a covariance approach, this article describes the measurement properties of the latent constructs of connectedness to school, teachers, and family and the contribution of each of the items used to compile the relevant composite score. The outcomes of this study will provide researchers and practitioners with information about the validity, reliability, and overall usefulness of each of the measures of adolescents' perception of their connectedness to school, teachers, and family. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定合金结构钢中铬、锰

利用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定合金结构钢中铬、锰,此方法快速、准确、灵敏度高、精密性好,方法简便,并充分反应了现代仪器的高科技分析手段。合金结构钢使用较为广泛,因此利用原于吸收光谱法测定铬、锰,能迅速有效的达到检测目地的需要。本方法改变了以往化学法操作时间长、步骤多、消耗试剂多的弊病,解决了高氯酸氧化铬对人体的危害及对环境的严重污染。通过对各项做条件试验,优选了最佳仪器测试条件。对干扰元素铁、镍抑制铬的吸收,采用硫酸钠做干扰消除剂,彻底消除了干扰,测定数据稳定可靠。经过对标准样品的测定,重复性好,误差小,回收率达到99～102%,效果令人满意。     

Leaching Behavior of Lead, Chromium (III), and Zinc in Cement/Metal Oxides Systems

This paper reports the study of the leaching behavior of cement/metal oxides mixtures containing lead, chromium (III) and zinc oxides. A fractional factorial design of experiments (24?1) was carried out considering four factors, the concentration of ZnO, Cr2O3, PbO, and Fe2O3 in the formulations. Iron oxide was also included in the experimental design as it is usually the main constituent of industrial wastes from thermal processes, where lead, chromium and zinc oxides are also found. After 56 days of curing, samples were subjected to the Acid Neutralization Capacity Test and the concentrations of Cr, Zn, and Pb were determined in the leachate at different pH after filtering. The output variables for the analysis of the experimental data were the concentration of metals at initial pH (in water), at pH 9, 7, and 4, and the acid neutralization capacity of the samples at pH 9. The analysis of the results indicates that the immobilization of Zn and Pb in Portland cement is poor; these metals behave as their amphoteric hydroxides. However, the leaching of Cr (III) is in the range found in the control sample, indicating that the stabilization of Cr (III) is successful.     

Reservoir Bank Deformation Modeling: Application to Grangent Reservoir

Within inshore or fluvial environments, submerged fine matter mud banks are characterized by a high water content, a great spatial variability, and a strong deformability. The study of their instabilities induced by the variation of hydraulic stress requires a coupled modeling of sliding, erosion, and deposition mechanisms. In order to predict the impact of dam reservoir emptying on the stability of immersed upstream slopes, the method of approach to the problem proposed here combines theoretical developments, numerical modeling, site observations, and measurements. First, the theoretically achieved sliding criterion is compared with unstable mud height measurements. For more accuracy in the representation of the natural events, the sliding criterion is then integrated within a numerical code which couples the computation of hydrodynamic conditions, the erosion, and deposition of mud and the banks sliding. Finally, the results of the combination of all these mechanisms are compared with the variations in the bathymetric profiles obtained on the experimental site.     

Al2O3对酒钢低铝渣黏度的影响及热力学分析

为进一步分析Al2O3含量对低铝渣黏度的影响,以酒钢高炉渣成分为基础,通过试验和FactSage热力学软件分别研究了不同Al2O3含量炉渣的黏度、液相线温度、活度和冷却结晶过程的物相变化。结果表明,在本试验的低铝渣范围内,随Al2O3含量增加,炉渣黏度增大,在1 450 ℃以上黏度低于0.45 Pa·s,炉渣流动性和稳定性良好。Al2O3活度随Al2O3含量的增加而增大,相反,SiO2活度降低也证明炉渣聚合度的增大。炉渣的冷却结晶过程则表明,在液相线温度以上时,炉渣黏度主要与炉渣结构的复杂程度有关;在液相线温度以下时,黏度受液相炉渣结构和固相颗粒含量的共同影响。     

MgO对烧结矿液相形成性能和微观结构特性的影响

为了探究MgO对烧结矿液相形成性能和微观结构特性的影响,采用Factsage 7.1热力学软件模拟分析了MgO对烧结矿液相形成性能的影响,并且开展了不同MgO含量的烧结杯试验研究。研究表明,随着MgO含量增加,烧结矿理论液相生成量减少,液相黏度降低,液相中w(Fe₂O₃)/w(CaO)增加,使得混合料中CaO的活度提高,铁酸钙相形成的热力学条件改善;当MgO质量分数由1.60%提高至1.90%,一方面,烧结矿矿相组成中枝晶状铁酸钙相含量增加,针状及板柱状铁酸钙相发展受到抑制,铁酸钙黏结相总量降低,硅酸盐相含量增加,导致液相黏结包裹矿粉颗粒能力变差,固结强度性能受到不利影响;另一方面,由于MgO是高熔点物质,矿化反应过程中,MgO易固溶进入磁铁矿晶格,并在高温固相反应中形成难熔物相,使得烧结矿磁铁矿相含量增加,赤铁矿相含量减少,从而降低烧结矿低温还原反应过程中产生的晶格结构畸变应力,改善低温还原粉化性能。     

Impressions of psychotherapists' offices.

For counseling settings, research suggests that softness, personalization, and order might affect the experience and the perceived expertness, trustworthiness, and social attractiveness of the therapist. This article discusses exploratory studies on college students' perception of the counseling office environment and whether the likely client experience was associated with the softness/personalization and order of the office. As stimuli, the studies used 30 color photographs of psychotherapists' offices viewed from the client's perspective. After obtaining ratings of the characteristics of each office, we obtained ratings from different groups of students of the quality of care and comfort expected in each office (Study 1) and how qualified, bold, and friendly the therapist in the office would be (Study 2). Additional studies examined the likelihood of choosing a therapist based on the office, and the first thought or feeling that came to mind about the office, the therapist, and the patient experience. There were strong correlations in response between groups (by whether they had experienced therapy; their level in school; their gender; and their major, location, and school size). The quality of care, comfort, therapist boldness, qualifications of the therapist, and the likelihood that one would choose a therapist based on the office improved with increases in the office's softness/personalization and order. Friendliness improved with increases in softness/personalization. The office choices, open-ended responses, and reported reasons for the ratings confirmed the importance of softness (comfort) and order. Research should test longer term exposure and behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Recent books.

Reviews the books The art of being, by Erich Fromm (1992); Basic writings, by Martin Heidegger (1993); History of the concept of time: Prolegomena, by Martin Heidegger (1992); Complexity: Life at the edge of chaos, by Roger Lewin (1992); The future of an illusion: Film, feminism, and psychoanalysis, by Constance Penley (1989); Human inquiry: A sourcebook of new paradigm research, by Peter Reason and John Rowan (1990); Reading Heidegger: Commemorations, edited by John Sallis (1993); and Truth and existence, by Jean-Paul Sartre (1992). Brief synopses of each book are presented, rather than full reviews. In The art of being, Fromm presents his synthesis of spiritual teachings from Zen to existentialism, as well as a synopsis of his earlier critiques of consumer capitalism. Basic writings is a collection of essays, lectures, and sections from Heidegger's major works. Of special interest to psychologists interested in Heidegger's methodology is the re-translation of the introduction to Being and Time. In History of the concept of time: Prolegomena, Heidegger elaborates the methodological and foundational connection of his work to Brentano, Dilthey, and Husserl, thus providing for the first time an authoritative understanding of the relationship of his uniquely hermeneutic phenomenology to the ideas of his predecessors. In Complexity: Life a the edge of chaos, Roger Lewin discusses the search for the set of rules that underly complexity theory and the "grand unification" of the life sciences. The future of an illusion: Film, feminism, and psychoanalysis, by Constance Penley, is a collection of essays on the sexual politics of representation. In Human inquiry: A sourcebook of new paradigm research, Reason and Rowan cover the philosophy, methodology, practice, and prospects of what the editors call "new paradigm research": alternative approaches to human science research that are both collaborative and experiential. Reading Heidegger: Commemorations is a richly provocative book of essays by an impressive list of 23 Heidegger scholars around the world. This text celebrates, reconsiders, and sometimes pokes fun at one of the most controversial and most important thinkers of our century. Finally, written in response to Heidegger's The essence of truth, Jean-Paul Sartre's Truth and existence provides a bridge between Sartre's Being and nothingness and his Critique of dialectical reason. It is a philosophical as well as psychological study of epistemology, based on his phenomenological ontology, that becomes a work on morality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

兰家沟含钼花岗岩岩石化学及其应用

为了解辽西兰家沟地区含钼花岗岩岩石化学的基本特征,在采用C IPW标准矿物计算法获得标准矿物重量和体积百分数的基础上,对该区岩石的命名、碱度的确定、系列的划分、分异作用、板块构造环境以及花岗岩的成因分析等几方面进行了分析判别,认为该地区的花岗岩为岩浆成因的、高度分异的钙碱性系列酸性—超酸性铝过饱和型二长花岗岩。