试样温度对螺纹钢筋拉伸性能的影响

通过对试样加热后在热状态下进行拉伸，加热 温度下，钢材的屈服强度和抗拉强度有明显变化，在低温范围内随温度升高屈服强度和抗拉强度明显降低。     

铂型离子聚合物金属复合材料的制备及驱动位移测试

探索了离子聚合物金属复合材料(IPMC)的制备工艺, 利用化学沉积的方法成功制备了铂型IPMC(Pt-IPMC)试样。采用SEM对试样表面电极形貌进行研究, 对Pt-IPMC试样在4种波形激励信号(幅值2~4 V, 频率0.06~0.14 Hz)下的致动位移进行了测试。结果表明: 金属Pt在离子交换膜内部及外表面具有良好的沉积效果, 内、 外电极厚度均有不同程度的减小; 随着激励信号幅值的增加, IPMC试样的变形能力增强, 响应速度加快; 在4 种波形信号的激励下, 试样均在频率为0.1 Hz时达到最大位移, 且在方波信号驱动下具有最好的响应速度和变形量。      

银型离子聚合物金属复合材料传感性能

利用化学沉积的方法, 在反应温度为23℃和10℃的条件下, 制备银型离子聚合物金属复合材料(Ag-IPMC)。SEM和EDAX观测结果表明: 反应温度10℃下制备的试样与23℃的试样相比, 具有更好的电极沉积效果, 其内、 外电极厚度分别增加25%和34%, 且外电极的开裂和剥落现象得到抑制。对10℃条件下制备的三种不同厚度的试样(0.2 mm、 0.4 mm、 0.8 mm)的传感特性研究表明: 随着厚度的增加, 试样输出电压和灵敏度增 强趋势明显; 三种试样均对低频激励敏感, 在0.3~0.8 Hz时试样具有最高的灵敏度, 其中0.8 mm试样在0.65 Hz 时的传感电压为17.82 mV, 灵敏度可达1030.06 mV/mm。     

煅烧温度对TiO_2-高岭土复合材料抗紫外性能的影响

利用水解沉淀法制备抗紫外性能较好的TiO2-高岭土复合材料,并研究煅烧温度对其抗紫外性能的影响,在不同波长紫外光照射下,分别测试不同煅烧温度制备的复合材料的透光度,并采用X射线衍射法和扫描电镜进行表征分析。结果表明,复合材料表面均匀地沉积了纳米TiO2颗粒,其对短波长紫外线的屏蔽作用优于对长波长紫外线的屏蔽作用;未煅烧和低温煅烧制备的复合材料的抗紫外性能优于高温煅烧制备的复合材料。     

拉伸速度对金属材料拉伸性能测试结果的影响

本文通过测试LY12铝合金和45钢在不同拉伸速度下的抗拉强度和断后伸长率,对比分析拉伸速度对不同塑性的金属材料拉伸性能测试结果的影响。结果表明：拉伸速度的提高会造成抗拉强度的升高和断后伸长率的降低,同时拉伸速度对塑性大的材料的测试结果影响更大。     

温度及搅拌速度对纳米氢氧化镍性能的影响

采用化学沉淀法制备出片状和棒状混合的纳米β-Ni（OH）_2,将纳米粉体以 8%比例掺入到球镍中制成复合电极,研究了反应温度和搅拌速度对纳米粉体结构、形貌及其复合电极电化学性能的影响,结果表明,反应温度升高,纳米颗粒粒径增大;搅拌速度提高,粒径减小;复合电极的放电比容量随反应温度和搅拌速度提高先增大后减小,当反应温度为 50℃、搅拌速度为 600 r/min时,相应的复合电极放电比容量最大,达到了 263.3 mAh/g,比纯球镍电极放电比容量（239.4 mAh/g）提高了约 10%。研究还显示,复合电极的放电比容量与其粉体的压实密度有直接对应关系,其放电比容量和放电平台均高于纯球镍电极。     

TiO2含量对压电纤维复合材料抗拉及驱动应变性能的影响

采用粘稠塑性加工方法制备了锆钛酸铅方形压电纤维复合材料, 研究了环氧树脂中不同TiO₂含量对压电纤维复合材料的电学阻抗、抗拉及驱动应变性能的影响。结果表明: 环氧树脂中TiO₂含量不同, 压电纤维复合材料的谐振频率不同。压电纤维复合材料的抗拉强度及纵向自由应变值均随着环氧树脂中TiO₂含量增大先增加后减小。环氧树脂中TiO₂含量为3wt%的压电纤维复合材料的抗拉强度达到了77.50 MPa, 且在驱动电压为-500 V~+1500 V时, 其纵向自由应变值达到了1783.7 με。当环氧树脂中TiO₂含量从3wt%增大至5wt%时, 压电纤维复合材料的抗拉性能和驱动应变性能均有所降低。在不同的外加驱动频率下, 压电纤维复合材料表现出不同的驱动应变能力。随着频率的增大, 压电纤维复合材料的纵向自由应变幅度表现出明显降低, 当频率超过5 Hz后, 其纵向自由应变值略有减小。     

加载速率对3D-C/SiC不同温度拉伸性能的影响

研究了在室温、1100和1500℃夹头位移速率分别为0．008，0．06和5．82mm／min对CVI工艺制备的3D—C／SiC拉伸性能的影响。拉伸中用钨—铼热电偶测温，真空度为10^-3Pa，LVDT测量变形。结果表明，室温条件下材料的断裂应力随夹头位移速率的增大而增加；1500℃断裂应力随夹头位移速率的增大而减小；1100℃条件下断裂应力基本不随变形速率而改变。随着夹头位移速率的提高，断裂应变减小，初始弹性模量增加。分析了可能造成以上现象的因素。     

温度对碳纤维平纹布正交层合板拉伸疲劳性能的影响

温度环境可降低复合材料的疲劳性能,在确定复合材料结构寿命时须考虑温度的影响.本试验测量了碳纤维平纹布正交层合板在低温干态(CTD)、常温干态(RTD)和高温干态(ETD)环境下的拉伸疲劳性能,获得了三种环境下复合材料的S-N曲线,分析了温度对复合材料疲劳性能的影响.基于试验结果,建立了温度条件下复合材料疲劳性能有限元分析模型,对复合材料的疲劳寿命进行了估算并分析了其损伤机理.线性拟合结果显示:在106 疲劳寿命下,与RTD环境疲劳最大应力相比,CTD环境疲劳最大应力略有降低,而ETD环境疲劳最大应力下降明显. CTD环境下,试验件的疲劳破坏断口比较齐整,纤维基本在同一纵向位置断裂,断口附近基体基本完好,无分层现象;RTD环境下,试验件断口处也没有明显分层现象;ETD环境下,试验件出现了明显的分层,同时还有纤维拔出,且断口处基体开裂程度严重.有限元分析表明,CTD环境下试验件的疲劳断裂呈现脆断的特征,断裂截面平整,断裂区域窄;RTD与ETD环境下试验件的纤维疲劳断裂损伤的断裂截面不平整,断口不一,断裂区域相对较宽.     

烧结温度对CuWCr复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用分别在1050、1150、1250、1350和1450℃下烧结WCr骨架后熔渗铜的方法制备了CuWCr复合材料,比较了不同温度烧结制备的WCr骨架及其复合材料的显微组织形貌,并研究了不同烧结温度对CuWCr复合材料硬度、电导率及其真空击穿性能的影响.结果表明,烧结温度越高, WCr骨架的合金化程度越高,1450℃下烧结2.5h后,得到完全合金化的WCr固溶体骨架;随着烧结温度的提高,制备的CuWCr复合材料材料的真空耐电压强度提高,截流值变化不大,真空电弧相对稳定,电弧寿命在0.020ms左右.     

多壁碳纳米管改性铂型IPMC的试验研究

将一种全氟磺酸树脂(Nafion)与多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)分别按质量比100:1、 100:3、 100:5进行配比, 采用溶剂浇铸法配合超声波分散法制备MWCNTs/Nafion型离子交换膜(IEM), 在此基础上利用化学沉积法制备铂型离子聚合物金属复合材料(Pt-IPMC), 考察三种MWCNTs负载量对IEM及Pt-IPMC性能的影响。采用SEM配合EDAX研究Pt的沉积效果, 对IEM及Pt-IPMC试样进行拉伸测试, 采用数字信号发生器为激励源测试Pt-IPMC的动态位移。结果表明: 添加MWCNTs使Pt-IPMC的内、 外电极厚度分别增加200%~250%和180%~200%, 使IEM及Pt-IPMC的弹性模量分别提高57.92%~140.85%和9.06%~52.85%; MWCNTs有效修饰了Pt-IPMC的内电极, 并明显提升其动态位移量、 动态响应及变形速度。     

CF/GF混杂增强环氧树脂复合材料的高载动态黏弹特性

采用高载动态热机械分析仪EPLEXOR500对T300/S-2混杂纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的动态黏弹特性进行了分析, 考察了静态载荷、 动态载荷对其储能模量、 损耗模量和损耗角正切的影响, 并研究和对比了不同载荷水平下混杂比以及混杂方式对动态黏弹性参数的影响规律。结果表明: 不同混杂比复合材料的储能模量均随动态载荷的增大而降低, 随静态载荷的增大而增大, 损耗模量和损耗角正切则随两种载荷的增大而降低。高载荷下混杂复合材料的储能模量仍较好地符合"复合梁理论"。动载扫描模式下, 损耗角正切随混杂比的变化基本符合"混合定律", 夹芯混杂复合材料的储能模量远高于层间混杂复合材料, 且损耗角正切也比层间混杂时大; 但在静载扫描模式下则是层间混杂复合材料的损耗角正切更大。      

Experimental evaluation of the elastic limit of carbon‐fibre reinforced epoxy composites under a large range of strain rate and temperature conditions

The mechanical behaviour of organic matrix composite materials such as T700GC/M21 carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) is generally considered by the industry as being orthotropic elastic for the sizing of aeronautical structures under normal isothermal “static” flight loads. During the aircraft lifetime, it may be exposed to severe loading conditions at various temperatures. However, the mechanical behaviour of CFRP is known to exhibit a linear behaviour or a non‐linear behaviour according to the types of loads that are considered creep or extreme conditions. The observed non‐linearity can be commonly attributed to several physical phenomena such as non‐linear viscosity, plasticity, or damage. In the literature, different models can be found that are based on three components: a first elastic reversible behaviour, a second non‐linear behaviour, and a failure criterion. An important issue is to understand and characterize the transition between the elastic reversible behaviour and the non‐linear behaviour. To answer this question, the present paper describes an experimental methodology that permits to evaluate this transition thanks to raw experimental data, and its application to a range of constant but different strain rate and temperature tests performed on the T700GC/M21 CFRP material.     

Fatigue lives of RC beams strengthened with CFRP at different temperatures under cyclic bending loads

Fatigue performance of reinforced concrete (RC) components strengthened with fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) is largely improved. However, temperature changes of service environment have a great effect on the fatigue behaviour of RC components strengthened with FRP. Concerning about temperature variations in subtropical areas such as South China, this paper analyses the fatigue behaviour of RC beams strengthened with carbon fibre laminate (CFL) from experimental studies and theoretical analysis under four different temperatures (5 °C, 20 °C, 50 °C, 80 °C) and five different stress levels (0.60, 0.66, 0.72, 0.78, 0.84). The paper discusses temperature fatigue behaviour of RC beams strengthened with CFL under cyclic bending loads in different service environments, and proposes a calculation formula of fatigue lives of RC beams strengthened with CFL under environmental temperatures and external forces coupling. Experimental results show that the formula not only effectively predicts the fatigue lives of the RC beams strengthened with CFL under environmental temperatures and bending loads coupling but also estimates the fatigue limits.     

Study of chemical and mechanical properties of Dharbai fiber reinforced polyester composites

This investigation is focused on identifying a new variety of natural fiber (Dharbai fiber) for reinforcement in polymer matrix composites. An investigation on extraction procedure of Dharbai fibers has been undertaken. The chemical properties of Dharbai fibers were determined experimentally as per TAPPI standards. The FT-IR Spectroscopy was used to study the chemical structure of Dharbai fibers and the tensile properties of these fibers were studied using single filament test. The fibers extracted were reinforced in polyester matrix by varying the fabrication parameters namely fiber weight content (%) and fiber length (mm). The effect of fiber weight content and fiber length on the mechanical properties of Dharbai fiber-polyester composites were evaluated as per ASTM standards. Scanning electron microscope was used to characterize the interfacial bonding between Dharbai fibers and polyester matrix. This study confirmed that, the Dharbai fibers could be used as an effective reinforcement material for making low load bearing polymer composites.     

Synthesis of polypyrrole nanocomposites decorated with silver nanoparticles with electrocatalysis and antibacterial property

Polypyrrole nanowire/silver nanoparticle composites (PPy/Ag) are obtained in aqueous media through a one-pot method without any external stimulus. PPy nanowires were assembled on the reactive self-degraded template of the complex of AgNO₃ and methyl orange (MO). During the synthesis process in the dark surrounding, Ag nanoparticles could be uniformly decorated onto the surface of PPy nanowires in situ by the redox reaction of pyrrole and AgNO₃. Neither additional reducing agents for the growth of silver nanoparticles nor oxidizing agents for the polymerization of pyrrole are utilized. The formation mechanism, morphologies, structural characteristics, and conductivity of the obtained PPy/Ag nanocomposites are reported. The as-prepared PPy/Ag nanocomposites exhibit well-defined response to the electrochemical reduction of hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, the preliminary antibacterial assays indicate that the PPy/Ag nanocomposites also possess antibacterial abilities against Escherichia coli.     

Fatigue performance of RC beams strengthened with CFRP under coupling action of temperatures and vehicle random loads

Considering significant influence of servicing environments and vehicle random loads on fatigue performance of main load‐bearing members of bridges, in this paper, fatigue performance of reinforced concrete bridge structures strengthened with carbon fibre–reinforced polymer under coupling action of environmental temperatures and vehicle random loads was studied. A vehicle random loading spectrum for fatigue tests was simulated and compiled. A fatigue testing method with coupling action of random loads and temperatures was proposed, and 3‐point bending fatigue tests of the reinforced concrete beams strengthened with carbon fibre–reinforced polymer under coupling action of temperatures and vehicle random loads were performed. Effects of temperatures and loading form on the fatigue damage mechanism were preliminarily discussed. A modified Palmgren‐Miner rule and semiempirical fatigue equations were proposed and proved effective.     

Hybrids of silver nanowires and silica nanoparticles as morphology controlled conductive filler applied in flexible conductive nanocomposites

Flexible conductive polymer nanocomposites based on silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been widely studied to develop the next generation of flexible electronics. However, AgNWs tend to aggregate in polymer matrix that usually results in high percolation threshold. In this study, nonconductive silica nanoparticles (nano-SiO₂) were successfully co-assembled on AgNWs to form AgNWs/nano-SiO₂ hybrids and waterborne polyurethane (WPU) conductive nanocomposites filled with the hybrids were prepared. The results show that the resistivity of WPU nanocomposites filled with AgNWs/nano-SiO₂ hybrids decreased about 5000 times and the percolation threshold decreased from 10.6 vol% to 3.6 vol% due to AgNWs distribute more uniformly in WPU with the help of nano-SiO₂. The further study to mechanism of interactions between AgNWs and nano-SiO₂ suggest that the promotion of dispersion is attributed to hydrogen bonding and van der Waals force. The WPU nanocomposites embedded with AgNWs/nano-SiO₂ hybrids present excellent mechanical adhesiveness, flexibility and thermal stability.