LiCl处理对芳纶纤维表面结构与性能的影响

为提高芳纶纤维与复合材料基体间的界面强度,首先,使用LiCl乙醇溶液处理芳纶纤维一定时间;然后,对LiCl处理芳纶纤维表面的化学组成、微观形貌、单丝拉伸强度及芳纶纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能等进行了测试分析。结果表明:使用LiCl乙醇溶液处理芳纶纤维后,芳纶纤维表面的含氮官能团含量增加;处理后,芳纶纤维表面有刻蚀出的沟槽,表面粗糙度增大,进而改善了芳纶纤维与环氧树脂基体的界面粘接性能,使芳纶纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的层间剪切强度由处理前的21.75 MPa提升到37.98 MPa;最佳处理时间为3~4 h,而处理时间过长会导致芳纶纤维的单丝拉伸强度及复合材料的层间剪切强度下降。所得结论证实使用LiCl处理芳纶纤维是一种有效的表面改性方法。      

硅溶胶改性处理对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料拉伸性能的影响

用溶胶-凝胶法制备硅溶胶对碳纤维进行表面改性,观测了环氧树脂液滴在单向排列碳纤维集束表面的铺展过程;以环氧树脂为基体制备单向排列的碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料,研究了硅溶胶改性处理碳纤维对其拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:碳纤维经过硅溶胶改性处理后,Si—o—Si,-NH₂等极性官能团的引入改善了环氧树脂对其的浸润性能,从而改善了碳纤维与环氧树脂间的界面粘结性能,使碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的横向拉伸强度显著改善,但纵向拉伸强度影响不大;与未经过表面处理的复合材料相比,经过硅溶胶改性处理的碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料其横向拉伸强度提高了62.74%;与用硝酸处理的碳纤维制备的复合材料相比,用硝酸处理后再用硅溶胶处理的碳纤维所制备的复合材料,其横向拉伸强度提高了35.27%。     

剑麻纤维表面特性及其浸润行为

采用Weibull统计分布方法量化了剑麻纤维的横截面积, 并考虑液体在剑麻纤维中空结构中的芯吸质量, 发展了基于Wilhelmy吊片法原理测试剑麻纤维与液体动态接触角的表征方法。在此基础上, 分析了不同表面处理方法对剑麻纤维微观结构、 表面化学组成、 表面能及其色散、 极性特性的影响规律, 并测试了剑麻纤维与E51环氧树脂的浸润性。结果表明: NaOH、 阻燃剂处理使剑麻纤维表面极性官能团增加, 纤维的表面能极性分量增加显著; 硅烷处理增加了剑麻纤维表面的极性基团含量, 但使其极性分量减小, 表面能略有下降; 并且剑麻纤维与E51树脂的浸润性与其极性比匹配特性密切相关。     

单宁酸协同改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维与环氧树脂复合材料

将单宁酸共混改性的环氧树脂与单宁酸-金属Na~+络合改性超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维进行复合,从而改善了UHMWPE纤维与环氧树脂的界面强度,提高了纤维增强复合材料的整体性能。改性后纤维表面的单宁酸与树脂基体中的单宁酸在界面处形成"桥联"作用。单宁酸共混改性环氧树脂是为了在环氧树脂中引入羟基以增强其力学强度。结果表明,当单宁酸在环氧树脂中的负载量为1%时,树脂基体的拉伸强度、弯曲强度达到最大值,分别为55.41 MPa, 74.24 MPa,与纯环氧树脂相比分别提高了67.5%和63.5%。同时界面剪切强度达到2.22 MPa,与原复合材料相比提高了64.8%。纵向纤维束使环氧树脂复合材料的拉伸强度增加到89.52 MPa,弯曲强度达到118.82 MPa,与纯复合材料相比,分别提高了120.2%,47.3%。通过扫描电镜图分析可以得出,纤维增强复合材料的破坏方式为黏接剂破坏。     

超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维表面处理对UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料界面性能的影响机制

从工程化应用角度研究了常压空气等离子体改性对超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维/环氧树脂复合材料界面性能的调节机制,主要分析了不同处理时间对UHMWPE纤维表面状态变化的影响,及其对UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料界面黏结性能的影响规律。采用SEM及纤维吸水测试研究了等离子体处理对UHMWPE纤维表面物理形貌及纤维表面浸润性能的影响,分别以拉伸和弯曲的方式,通过纤维表面脱黏力及层合板层间剪切强度对UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料的界面黏结性能进行表征。结果表明,仅经过4 s的空气等离子体处理之后,UHMWPE纤维表面脱黏力的提高幅度为84.0%,UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料层合板的层间剪切强度由未处理的7.01 MPa提高至15.81 MPa,增幅高达125.5%。研究发现,通过常压空气等离子体处理改变了UHMWPE纤维的表面状态,可以显著高效地调节UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能,为扩大该材料的后续工程化应用提供了理论基础。      

纳米SiO2改性竹纤维/乙烯基树脂复合材料界面相容性

以乙烯基树脂(VE)为基体,竹纤维(BF)为增强材料,通过偶联剂KH602对纳米SiO₂进行改性处理,并利用改性后纳米SiO₂分别对竹纤维和树脂进行改性处理,采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型工艺(VARTM)制备了BF/VE复合材料。采用FTIR、SEM对改性后纤维和树脂的表面物理化学状态进行表征,结果表明:改性纳米SiO₂成功化学接枝到竹纤维表面且分散到树脂基体中,改性纳米SiO₂在BF1/VE0.5 (用1.0wt%改性纳米SiO₂改性纤维和0.5wt%改性纳米SiO₂改性树脂)复合材料中分散更为均匀;采用力学试验机和SEM对复合材料力学、断口和表面形貌进行分析,考察改性纳米SiO₂的添加量对BF/VE复合材料力学性能、界面性能的影响。结果表明:BF1/VE0.5复合材料的拉伸、弯曲及冲击强度分别达到最大值49.0 MPa、70.6 MPa和150.4 J/m,与未处理的复合材料相比分别提高了18.9%、26.1%、70.7%。此外,还初步探讨了改性纳米SiO₂的界面增强机制。      

CaCl1和多巴胺处理对芳纶纤维表面结构与性能的影响

采用氯化钙(CaCl2)乙醇溶液和多巴胺水溶液浸渍法对芳纶纤维表面进行改性处理,对改性后芳纶纤维表面的化学结构、微观形貌、表面粗糙度、单丝拉伸强度和芳纶纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能等进行了测试分析.结果表明,采用CaCl2乙醇溶液处理芳纶纤维后,芳纶纤维表面有刻蚀出的沟槽,表面粗糙度增大,芳纶纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的层间剪切强度明显提高,同时由于纤维结构受到破坏,单丝拉伸强度下降了11.12％;采用多巴胺水溶液处理时,芳纶纤维表面沉积了聚多巴胺涂层,表面粗糙度增大,芳纶纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的层间剪切强度进一步提高,纤维结构几乎不受影响,单丝拉伸强度降幅较小;采用CaCl2乙醇溶液和多巴胺水溶液先后处理芳纶纤维后,纤维表面的聚多巴胺涂层更致密,复合材料的层间剪切强度达到最大值,同时改性后的纤维具有一定的抗紫外性能,此方法改性效果最优.     

CaCl_2和多巴胺处理对芳纶纤维表面结构与性能的影响

采用氯化钙(CaCl_2)乙醇溶液和多巴胺水溶液浸渍法对芳纶纤维表面进行改性处理,对改性后芳纶纤维表面的化学结构、微观形貌、表面粗糙度、单丝拉伸强度和芳纶纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能等进行了测试分析。结果表明,采用CaCl_2乙醇溶液处理芳纶纤维后,芳纶纤维表面有刻蚀出的沟槽,表面粗糙度增大,芳纶纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的层间剪切强度明显提高,同时由于纤维结构受到破坏,单丝拉伸强度下降了11.12%;采用多巴胺水溶液处理时,芳纶纤维表面沉积了聚多巴胺涂层,表面粗糙度增大,芳纶纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的层间剪切强度进一步提高,纤维结构几乎不受影响,单丝拉伸强度降幅较小;采用CaCl_2乙醇溶液和多巴胺水溶液先后处理芳纶纤维后,纤维表面的聚多巴胺涂层更致密,复合材料的层间剪切强度达到最大值,同时改性后的纤维具有一定的抗紫外性能,此方法改性效果最优。     

苎麻针刺无纺布增强聚丙烯复合材料界面改性的研究

研究了NaOH改性处理对苎麻无纺布/PP复合材料性能的影响,分析在不同NaOH浓度和浸渍时间条件下复合材料性能的影响。对比了复合材料横、纵向拉伸强度的大小,通过SEM观察改性前后复合材料拉伸断面的变化。结果表明:NaOH改变了苎麻纤维的表面形态和结构,提高了纤维和树脂的粘结力和界面相容性。当NaOH浓度为8%时复合材料的拉伸强度达到最大,此浓度的最佳浸渍时间为30min;受到无纺布生产工艺的影响,苎麻纤维沿无纺布纵向分布较多,使得复合材料的纵向拉伸强度要高于横向;通过SEM观察可知,NaOH改性后的复合材料断面比较平整,界面相容性得到改善。     

Technora纤维表面等离子体处理对其复合材料界面性能的影响

用扫描电子显微镜观察Technora纤维表面物理形貌并测量单丝纤维的拉伸强度以分析等离子体处理对纤维本体性能的影响,再用层间剪切强度和吸水率分别表征复合材料在室温干态和高温湿态下的界面性能,研究了等离子体处理对Technora纤维复合材料界面性能的影响。结果表明,用等离子体处理后纤维表面的物理形貌发生了显著变化,复合材料的层间剪切强度由未处理时的15.74 MPa提高到24.93 MPa,提高的幅度高达58.4%;同时,复合材料的吸水率下降而本体性能基本不受影响。上述结果表明,等离子体对Technora纤维的表面改性能有效地改善其复合材料的界面性能。     

The effect of surface modifications on sisal fiber properties and sisal/poly (lactic acid) interface adhesion

The main aims of this work were to study the effect of surface modifications on sisal fiber properties as well as on fiber/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) interface adhesion. For this purpose, alkali, silane and combination of both treatments were applied to sisal fiber. The effects of treatments on fiber thermal stability, fiber wettability, morphology, tensile properties and on fiber/PLA interfacial shear strength (IFSS) were studied. After treatments IFSS values improved at least 120%, however, tensile strength of sisal fibers decreased. Alkali treatment removed some non-cellulosic components (hemicelluloses, lignin) as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The removal of non-cellulosic materials led to fibrillated and rough morphology as observed by optical microscopy (OM). FTIR spectrum of silane treated fibers showed a band related to silane amino group and contact angle measurements confirmed that fibers became more hydrophobic. All treatments used improved fiber/PLA adhesion.     

The effect of alkaline and silane treatments on mechanical properties and breakage of sisal fibers and poly(lactic acid)/sisal fiber composites

The main goals of this work were to study the effect of different chemical treatments on sisal fiber bundles tensile properties as well as on tensile properties of composites based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix and sisal fibers. For this purpose, sisal fibers were treated with different chemical treatments. After treating sisal fibers the tensile strength values decreased respect to untreated fiber ones, especially when the combination of NaOH + silane treatment was used. Taking into account fiber tensile properties and fiber/PLA adhesion values, composites based on silane treated fibers would show the highest tensile strength value. However, composites based on alkali treated and NaOH + silane treated fibers showed the highest tensile strength values. Finally, experimental tensile strength values of composites were compared with those values obtained using micromechanical models.     

A study of the mechanical properties of short natural-fiber reinforced composites

The degree of fiber–matrix adhesion and its effect on the mechanical reinforcement of short henequen fibers and a polyethylene matrix was studied. The surface treatments were: an alkali treatment, a silane coupling agent and the pre-impregnation process of the HDPE/xylene solution. The presence of Si–O–cellulose and Si–O–Si bonds on the lignocellulosic surface confirmed that the silane coupling agent was efficiently held on the fibres surface through both condensation with cellulose hydroxyl groups and self-condensation between silanol groups.

The fiber–matrix interface shear strength (IFSS) was used as an indicator of the fiber–matrix adhesion improvement, and also to determine a suitable value of fiber length in order to process the composite with relative ease. It was noticed that the IFSS observed for the different fiber surface treatments increased and such interface strength almost doubled only by changing the mechanical interaction and the chemical interactions between fiber and matrix.

HDPE-henequen fiber composite materials were prepared with a 20% v/v fiber content and the tensile, flexural and shear properties were studied. The comparison of tensile properties of the composites showed that the silane treatment and the matrix-resin pre-impregnation process of the fiber produced a significant increase in tensile strength, while the tensile modulus remained relatively unaffected. The increase in tensile strength was only possible when the henequen fibers were treated first with an alkaline solution. It was also shown that the silane treatment produced a significant increase in flexural strength while the flexural modulus also remained relatively unaffected. The shear properties of the composites also increased significantly, but, only when the henequen fibers were treated with the silane coupling agent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies of the composites failure surfaces also indicated that there is an improved adhesion between fiber and matrix. Examination of the failure surfaces also indicated differences in the interfacial failure mode. With increasing fiber–matrix adhesion the failure mode changed from interfacial failure and considerable fiber pull-out from the matrix for the untreated fiber to matrix yielding and fiber and matrix tearing for the alkaline, matrix-resin pre-impregnation and silane treated fibers.     

Effect of interfacial adhesion and statistical fiber strength on tensile strength of unidirectional glass fiber/epoxy composites. Part I: experiment results

The effects of fiber surface treatment on ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of unidirectional (UD) epoxy resin matrix composites are examined experimentally. The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) and statistical fiber strength are significantly altered by five different kinds of surface treatments, which are: (a) unsized and untreated; (b) γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-GPS); (c) γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-MPS); (d) mixture of γ-aminoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-APS), film former (urethane) and lubricant (paraffin); and (e) urethane-sized. The maximum UTS is obtained for the relatively strong interfacial adhesion (glass/γ-MPS/epoxy) but not for the strongest interfacial adhesion (glass/γ-GPS/epoxy). The governing micro-damage mode around a broken fiber and the interface region is matrix cracking for γ-GPS treated fibers, and a combination of interfacial debonding and matrix cracking for γ-MPS treated fibers. The micro-damage mode related to the interfacial adhesion strongly affects the fracture process, and thus the UTS of UD composites. The results also indicate that the interfacial adhesion can be optimized for effective utilization of fiber strength for fiber composites. A parameter called “efficiency ratio” of fiber strength in UD composites is proposed to examine and distinguish different effects of IFSS and fiber strength on the UTS of UD composites. The experimental results show that improved UTS of UD composites due to surface treatments mainly result from the increase in fiber strength but not from the modified interface.     

硅溶胶改性碳纤维对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料界面性能影响

以硅烷偶联剂和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前躯体, 以固体酸-对甲苯磺酸为催化剂制备硅溶胶, 利用硅溶胶对碳纤维进行表面改性后, 以环氧树脂为基体, 制备碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料。利用SEM、 TEM、 万能试验机、 偏光显微镜等对表面改性前后的碳纤维形态、 力学性能及碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能进行表征, 研究了硅溶胶改性碳纤维对其复合材料界面性能影响。结果表明, 硅溶胶处理碳纤维后, 在碳纤维表面原位生成具有膜-粒结构的表面层, 改性后碳纤维的强度由2.41 GPa提高到3.00 GPa, 界面性能也得到了明显改善, 界面剪切强度(IFSS)提高了51.41%。     

Effect of fiber surface treatments on mechanical and abrasive wear performance of polylactide/jute composites

The main focus of this work is to improve the adhesion of jute fiber with polylactide (PLA). For this purpose, surface of the jute fiber was modified by alkali, permanganate, peroxide and silane treatments. The surface modified fibers were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. Unidirectional composites were prepared with treated jute fibers and PLA matrix by hot pressing of solvent impregnated prepregs. Surface treatments resulted in enhancement of tensile and flexural properties and reduction in Izod impact strength. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed that, treated composites have higher storage modulus and lower tangent delta with respect to untreated composite. The degree of interfacial adhesion between the jute fiber and PLA was estimated using adhesion parameter obtained through DMA data. The results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed a higher thermal stability for silane treated composites. Experimental results on abrasive wear tests revealed that the wear resistance of composite is sensitive to fiber/matrix adhesion.     

芳纶纤维的磷酸表面处理及其树脂基复合材料界面性能

采取不同浓度的磷酸水溶液对芳纶纤维进行表面处理, 并对不同处理条件下芳纶纤维的单丝强度、表面性质及其环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能进行了分析和测试。结果表明: 20 wt %磷酸溶液处理的芳纶纤维, 纤维表面含氧官能团含量最高; 继续提高磷酸溶液的浓度, 含氧官能团含量下降, 纤维表面趋于平整, 单丝强度上升。用20 wt %磷酸溶液处理芳纶纤维, 纤维/ 环氧树脂基复合材料的层间剪切强度达到62 MPa , 界面剪切强度提高18 % , 是一种简单有效的表面处理方法。纤维表面粗糙度和纤维表面含氧官能团的数量是影响芳纶纤维/ 环氧树脂复合材料界面结合性能的关键因素。      

Glass fiber reinforced ROMP-based bio-renewable polymers: Enhancement of the interface with silane coupling agents

In this study, the influence of silane coupling agents on interfacial adhesion in glass fiber reinforced polymers from the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of a linseed oil-based monomer and dicyclopentadiene is investigated experimentally. Two types of silane coupling agents, norbornenylethyldimethylchlorosilane (MCS) and norbornenylethyltrichlorosilane (TCS), are examined. Interfacial shear strength (IFSS) is evaluated by the microbond technique. The IFSS increases by about 150% for the MCS-treated fibers and by about 50% for the TCS-treated fibers compared to untreated fibers. Dynamic mechanical analysis of composite panels made with untreated and silane-treated fibers reveals that MCS-treated fiber composites have the highest storage modulus and glass transition temperature, indicating strong interfacial interactions at the glass/matrix interface. Short beam shear tests and scanning electron microscopy of fracture surfaces also confirm that MCS is more effective than TCS at improving interfacial adhesion.     

Thermal and mechanical properties of chemically treated oil palm fiber filled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites

In this work, chemical surface treated oil palm fibers, including alkali, maleic and silane pre‐treatments are melt blended and hot compression molded with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene into varying compositions of polymer composites. The effectiveness of the chemical pre‐treatment and fiber dispersion are analyzed with the aid of Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometry and scanning electron microscope while the influences on thermal degradation and mechanical properties of the resulting composites are analyzed through thermal gravimetric analysis and tensile test respectively. Differential thermogravimetric analysis result show that alkali, maleic and silane pre‐treatments could lower the onset thermal degradation temperature of oil palm fiber filled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites. The tensile test results show that chemically treated oil palm fiber filled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites attained enhancement in tensile strength as compared to untreated counterpart. Scanning electron microscopy observations on fracture surfaces of oil palm fiber filled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites found that the reinforcing efficiency of chemically treated oil palm fiber could be further increased by improving interfacial bonding between oil palm fiber and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.     

Comparison of mechanical and interfacial properties of kenaf fiber before and after rice-washed water treatment

Rice-washed water was used to treat kenaf fiber using a spray coating method. Untreated kenaf fiber was compared with rice-washed water treated kenaf fiber in order to evaluate the treatments effects on mechanical and interfacial properties. The tensile strength and interfacial shear strength of kenaf fiber were improved by the rice-washed water treatment. Differences in the surface morphology of treated and untreated kenaf fiber was observed using FE-SEM photograph. TGA testing indicated that rice-washed water treated kenaf fiber improved the fiber's thermal stability. Static contact angle measurements of wettability demonstrated that the surface treated kenaf fiber was hydrophilic than that of untreated kenaf fiber. This relatively simple and environmentally friendly rice-washed water treatment of Kenaf fibers resulted in improve mechanical and interfacial properties.