超薄金属膜V-型槽等离子波导的定向耦合研究

分析了在 1 550 nm 波长下超薄金属膜(金膜厚t=10 nm)V-型槽等离子波导间长程沟道等离激元导模的定向耦合。通过计算不同波导间距下的模式分布,得出了定向耦合器中奇、偶模有效折射率实部和传播长度随波导间距的变化情况,并进一步计算了相邻波导间的耦合长度、最大串扰与波导间距的关系曲线。计算结果表明:在波导间距较小时,耦合长度小于各模式的传播长度,随着波导间距的增加,耦合长度随之增加,最大串扰随之减小。对超薄金属膜V-型槽等离子波导的定向耦研究在集成光路的实际应用中具有重要的价值。     

多电极结构Δβ倒相定向耦合器调制特性理论分析

在考虑扩散沟道波导的二维折射率分布及导模场分布的基础上,对定向耦合器耦合长度作了理论推算;经与实验制作的一个四对电极结构的定向耦合器的实测结果作比较,相对误差为15.5％。在此基础上,分析讨论了器件的工作特性。     

InGaAs/InAlAs多量子阱脊形光波导及其定向耦合器准矢量分析

运用基于三角函数展开的三维准矢量束传播法分析了由InGaAs/InAlAs多量子阱(MQW)构成的脊形光波导及其定向耦合器;获得了脊形光波导承载的模场分布及其有效折射率,并观察到了TM模的奇变;模拟了光波在定向耦合器件中的传输演变情况.所得结果为制作由此为基础的复杂器件奠定了基础.     

硅基槽波导级联多模干涉耦合器型偏振分束器

提出了一种基于硅基槽波导的级联多模干涉(MMI)耦合器型偏振分束器,由锥形及矩形结构MMI耦合器构成.级联结构使器件长度无需为两偏振模自镜像长度的公倍数,不仅能有效减小器件尺寸,而且提高设计灵活性.同时,利用槽波导的高双折射特性及MMI耦合器的锥形结构,可进一步缩短器件尺寸.分析结果表明,所提器件能够有效实现偏振束分离,两级MMI工作区总长度仅为42μm,准TE与准TM模的偏振消光比分别为29.8和31.4d B,1.55μm波长下的插入损耗分别为0.395和0.699 d B,偏振消光比大于20 d B时光带宽为43 nm,覆盖整个C波段.最后,详细分析了器件关键参数的制造误差对器件性能的影响.     

单偏振双芯光子带隙光纤定向耦合器

提出了一种基于双芯光子带隙光纤(PBF)的单偏振(SP)定向耦合器,利用全矢量有限元方法(FEM)对其耦合特性进行了研究。结果表明:通过适当调整纤芯间微孔的大小及掺杂折射率可在耦合器获得SP特性;而纤芯间微孔椭圆率的变化并不会对其SP特性造成干扰,耦合器具有较高的结构参数容错性;通过优化参数,最终获得了一种长度仅为0.403mm的SP定向耦合器。该耦合器在全保偏PBF(PM-PBF)谐振腔应用中,能同时起到分束器及起偏器的作用,可以破坏次本征偏振态(ESOP)的谐振条件,有效抑制次ESOP的传输。这种具有较短长度的SP定向耦合器模场可与之前提出的PM-PBF的模场相匹配,有利于搭建起全PM-PBF谐振腔,这对抑制谐振式光纤陀螺(RFOG)热致偏振串扰噪声、提高RFOG的长期稳定性具有重要意义。     

一种表面等离子体激元定向耦合器的传输特性

利用三维全矢量时域有限差分法(FDTD)数值模拟了一种波导间隔金属条高度小于金属层厚度的表面等离子体激元(SPP)定向耦合器,并分析了其在基模传输时的模式场分布和能流密度分布,讨论了耦合长度、最大转移功率与间隔金属条高度的变化关系。结果表明,波导内沿纵向的能流密度在靠近间隔金属条部分的强度更大,有助于提高波导间耦合效率,并且当减小间隔金属条的高度时可以有效缩短定向耦合器耦合长度。这种亚波长定向耦合器结构可以应用在基于表面等离子体激元的集成光路中。     

基于GaAs/GaAlAs条形光波导的定向耦合器分析

运用基于级数展开法(SEM)的三维光束传播法(3D-SEM-BPM)分析了由GaAs/GaAlAs条形光波导构成的定向耦合器.获得了这种定向耦合器所承载的偶模及奇模电场分布,其耦合长度随波导间距的增加近似指数增长.模拟了光波在器件中的传输演变情况,用条形光波导的基模在给定定向耦合器的左通道激励,传输2.62mm之后模场转移至右通道,获得了交叉态(Cross State).另外,3D-SEM-BPM最终将BPM基本方程归结为一阶常微分方程组,方法简单;导出矩阵小,计算效率高.处理边界条件时,引入正切函数变换将无限平面映射成单位平面,避免了边界截断问题.     

一种实现超微光子晶体型定向耦合器的方法

在光子晶体定向耦合器中,通过减小两耦合波导之间介电柱的折射率来增大耦合系数,从而获得更短的拍长,形成超微的器件尺寸。耦合器的奇模场随调制折射率的减小变化不敏感,偶模场向更高频率的方向移动。在同一频率范围内,调制折射率减小,导致拍长随频率变化的函数曲线的斜率随频率增加而增大,这一特性可以在波分复用器中用来减小相邻信号频率差,在相同的器件长度下,可获得更多的信道。采用时域有限差分法验证了拍长随调制折射率减小而减小的变化规律。     

二维光子晶体波导和微腔缺陷态研究

利用二维三角晶格及正方晶格介质柱光子晶体TE偏振的禁带与介质柱半径的变化关系,分析了二维光子晶体缺陷态的分布.根据光子晶体波导间的耦合作用,计算其耦合长度设计合理的定向耦合器.通过分析波导与微腔的耦合特性,选取不同的传输方向,可以设计多种基于光子晶体波导与微腔耦合的波分复用系统.     

光致折变Taper光纤耦合器的耦合波分析

研究利用光纤中光致折变效应研制的光纤波导折射率沿轴向渐变的Ｔａｐｅｒ器件的模式耦合特性．在标量场近似下，用本地模表示的方法分析在阶梯折射率分布光纤和平方律折射率光纤的轴向折射率渐变过渡结构中传输的基模向反向散射模和高价模的耦合。对阶梯折射李光纤两种不同折射率Ｔａｒｅｒ结构的数值计算结果表明：在折射率变化相对缓慢情况下，这种折射率Ｔａｐｅｒ耦合器的基模反向散射和向高阶模的耦合都很小；基模能够自适应地调节以适应波导折射率的渐变，具有优良的传输性能．     

A directional coupler of a vertically installed planar circuitstructure

A 3-dB directional coupler is described which is fabricated by installing a vertical second printed circuit board on a main printed circuit board. The added vertical substrate significantly increases the freedom of design parameters. Coupling parameters are easily controlled by changing either the dielectric constants or the thicknesses of the substrates. This makes almost any coupling constant available along with good isolation and a suitable input impedance. The three-dimensional structure also makes a good use of space, resulting in a compact circuit structure. Experimental results agree well with a numerical calculation based on the boundary-element method and show the relaxed tolerances possible in fabrication. Effective permittivities and characteristic impedances for both even and odd modes were obtained and were substituted into the scattering matrix to obtain the parameters for a symmetrical directional coupler. A simplified design chart is also provided showing the dependence of characteristic impedances for odd and even modes on substrate thicknesses used     

3dB定向耦合器及其在调频广播中的应用

定性地对3dB定向耦合器原理及结构特性进行说明分析;介绍了3dB定向耦合器现行功用、主要性能指标参数。通过3dB定向耦合器在全固态调频广播发射机中的应用介绍,说明3dB定向耦合器在使用性能上的多元化以及应用的广泛化,为3dB定向耦舍器在射频电路设计思路上提供一些借鉴。     

3-D analysis of LiNbO3: Ti channel waveguides and directional couplers

An efficient method of calculation of effective refractive indexes and field distribution of guided optical modes in diffused channel waveguides and directional couplers is presented. Refractive index distribution which follows from the theory of two-dimensional anisotropic diffusion is considered. Experiments which relate the refractive index profile with fabrication parameters are described. Then the coupling length of a directional coupler can be calculated from the fabrication parameters. The results correspond well to recently published experimental data.     

Bragg reflection waveguide composite structures

The Bragg reflection waveguide directional coupler is analyzed rigorously in terms of the normal modes of the complete structure. A perturbation analysis leading to an explicit expression for the coupling constant in a general configuration with nearly degenerate modes is performed. The results are compared to those for a conventional directional coupler structure. It is shown that the bandlike dispersion diagram arising from the periodic lateral confining media is responsible for the unique features of the coupling constant and coupling length that are observed     

The design of a mode selective directional coupler for a high power gyroklystron†

The design method of mode selective directional couplers from a transverse electric mode in a circular waveguide to the fundamental mode in a rectangular wave guide is presented in this paper. The design results for a TE₀₁ circular mode coupler intended for use in the output power measurement of a high power gyroklystron are reported; these results indicate that more than 50-80dB directivity and sufficient suppression of unwanted modes can be obtained with a coupler less than 07m in length. The effects of frequency and rectangular wave guide size on coupler parameters are also discussed in this paper     

Analysis of Coupling and Radiation Properties for an Improved Dielectric Waveguide Directional Coupler Utilizing a Tapering Left-Handed Slab Core

The coupling and radiation characteristics of an improved dielectric waveguide directional coupler with a tapering left-handed slab core located in the coupling region are analyzed by the staircase approximation method, which combines the building block approach and multi-mode network theory with a rigorous mode-matching procedure. Particular attentions are directed toward the radiation characteristics under different structural parameters of the coupler. Numerical results indicate that the proposed coupler is very promising by shortening the coupling length significantly while keeping the radiation loss at a low level.     

A Strip-Line Directional Coupler Utilizing a Non-Homogeneous Dielectric Medium

A 3 dB directional coupler which utilizes nonhomogeneous dielectric media to produce different phase velocities for the even and odd modes of propagation is described. The two output ports are conductively connected to each other as are the input and null ports with dc isolation between the input and both output ports. Well known thin-film techniques can be used to realize the coupler. General coupler equations and design parameters are given along with computer solutions and experimental verification. A minimum return loss of 22 dB was experimentally achieved over a 20 percent bandwidth and 27 dB minimum return loss with equal isolation over the same bandwidth is predicted with the application of simple compensation techniques. It is shown that the coupler maybe used to effect an impedance transformation between the input and output ports; however, the isolation is degraded.     

An Inductor-Loaded Microstrip Directional Coupler for Directivity Enhancement

A directivity-enhancement technique is demonstrated for a microstrip directional coupler. By loading the coupler with shunt inductors, the phase velocities of the even and odd modes are altered in such a way that an isolation null is achieved. Compared with other compensation techniques for directivity enhancements, the proposed method provides the advantages of being simple yet easily application to high frequencies. For a 10 dB directional coupler at 0.9 GHz, a maximum directivity improvement of nearly 38 dB is measured over the conventional counterpart.      

Ka波段定向耦合器的优化设计

本文提出一种宽频带、高隔离度定向耦合器的有效设计方法,并设计出一种有应用价值的定向耦合器。根据Bethe小孔耦合理论为基础的工程设计方法,按照预定的技术参数,初步设计出等孔径波导定向耦合器的有关参数,在此基础上,利用仿真软件CST对首末两对耦合孔之间的距离进行仿真和优化,使隔离度在高频端的性能得到提高;又通过扩大其余耦合孔之间的距离使得隔离度在低频端也得到了改进,从而提高了隔离度的整体性能。文中设计了一个Ka波段的定向耦合器,耦合度的仿真值与-10dB的设计要求值相比偏差在0.7dB之内,优化后隔离度在整个频带内小于-47.5dB。     

The Scattering Parameters And Directional Coupler Analysis Of Characteristically Terminated Three-line Structures In An Inhomogeneous Medium

The scattering parameters of coupled-symmetrical three-line structures in an inhomogeneous medium, e.g., microstrip lines, are derived in terms of the normal mode parameters of the system. The structure is terminated in a set of impedances which allow for the excitation of the individual normal modes of the system. The scattering parameters are used to study directional coupler properties including possible matching and isolation conditions for six-port and interdigitated-four-port couple consisting of symmetrical three-line structures. It is shown that the solutions obtained reduce to known results for the case of four-port couplers in a homogeneous medium.