水性环氧-苯丙接枝共聚物的合成

采用溶液聚合方法,以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,将苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸接枝到环氧树脂高分子链上后,中和、乳化制得水性环氧-苯丙接枝共聚物。并对水性环氧-苯丙接枝共聚物的亲水性、水分散稳定性和分子结构进行表征,确定了合成环氧-苯丙接枝共聚物的最佳条件:反应温度为115℃,反应时间为6 h,BPO用量为环氧树脂及接枝单体总质量的1.6%,亲水单体甲基丙烯酸用量占环氧树脂及接枝单体总质量的10%,三异丙醇胺用量占成功接技的甲基丙烯酸物质的量的95%。     

CR／MMA—BA自交联型接支共聚物

研究了Ｎ－羟甲基丙为安（Ｎ－ＭＡＡ）存在下氯丁橡胶（ＣＲ）／甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）－丙烯酸丁酯（ＢＡ）的三元接枝共聚及产物性能。结果表明,在引发剂质量为ＣＲ的１．８￣２．２％,Ｎ－ＭＡＡ质量为ＣＲ的１．６－１．８％,ＢＡ用量为３６％,反应时间为４ｈ,反应温度为８０－８５℃时产物的性能较优。对产物还进行了红外光谱表征和性能测试。     

纸塑光敏覆膜胶的研制

通过自制EA树脂、有机硅改性光敏促进剂和市售的活性单体、光引发剂配制的纸塑光敏覆膜胶 ,讨论了该覆膜胶的工艺性能及其主要技术指标     

PP-g-MBA的制备与结构性能表征

利用电子束预辐照粉末聚丙烯,水溶液中引发N.N-甲叉基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)接枝共聚合,制备了PP-g-MBA接枝共聚物。研究预辐照剂量、反应时间、单体浓度对接枝率的影响,用FTIR和接触角测量仪分析其结构和表面性能。结果表明:辐照剂量为5kGy,反应时间为3h,单体浓度为0.1~0.3mol·L-1时,接枝率较高。FTIR结果证明,BMA已接枝到聚丙烯中,并随接枝率增加相应峰面积增大,对水接触角减小,亲水性明显改善。     

环氧丙烯酸树脂的合成及其改性

采用丙烯酸(AA)对环氧树脂(EP)进行光活性改性制备环氧丙烯酸树脂(EA),通过单因素试验法优选出制备EA的最佳反应条件。结果表明:制备EA的最佳反应条件是以N′N-二甲基苯胺为催化剂,w(催化剂)=2.5%(相对于反应物总质量而言);以对苯二酚为阻聚剂,w(阻聚剂)=0.1%(相对于反应物总质量而言);反应温度为90℃,反应时间为2.0～3.5h。当w(引发剂)=1.0%时,EA的固化性能较好。采用多元醇先对EP进行改性,然后再进行光活性改性,可明显降低产物的黏度。     

超声-微波共辐射法合成纤维素-MMA接枝共聚物

引言纤维素作为一种天然的可再生高分子材料,存在于丰富的绿色植物中,是自然界取之不尽用之不竭的清洁资源。因此,在煤、石油、天然气的储量日益减少的今天,纤维素可作为一种可持续发展的绿色资源来研究和开发。而且天然植物纤维资源丰富、价格低廉,并且具有较好的生物可降解性,在     

Block/graft copolymer synthesis via ceric salt

Acrylamide and acrylonitrile were polymerized with water-soluble organic reducing compounds containing hydroxy groups such as methyl cellulose (MC), methyl hydroxy-propyl cellulose (MHPC) and poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEG) in the presence of Ce(IV) in order to produce graft/block copolymers. The effect of cerium(IV) concentration, temperature, time and monomer concentration on the yield was studied. Copolymers of cellulose derivatives and polyacrylonitrile showed solubility properties similar to polyacrylonitrile. Both cellulose derivative-polyacrylamide and poly(ethylene glycol)-polyacrylamide copolymers were soluble in water.     

Synthesis and characterization of biresponsive graft copolymer gels

Graft copolymer gels with different compositions were prepared by the radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) macromonomers in dioxane with 1 mol% N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) as the crosslinking agent. The graft copolymer gels were analyzed at different temperatures and pH values. They demonstrated the typical swelling behavior for poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) gels with changing temperature. In addition to the temperature dependent measurements, the graft copolymer with a high P2VP content showed a pronounced swelling transition with changing pH value. By separating the temperature and the pH sensitive component, it was possible to obtain a gel which could be swelled independently in response to temperature and pH.     

两亲性接枝共聚物PVA-g-PBA的合成与表征

以过硫酸钾 (KPS)为引发剂 ,将丙烯酸丁酯 (BA)接枝到聚乙烯醇 (PVA)上 ,制得两亲性接枝共聚物 PVA-g-PBA。用红外光谱、X射线衍射表征了接枝物 ,研究了引发剂浓度、单体浓度及反应时间对单体转化率、接枝率和接枝效率和接枝率对共聚物吸水性能的影响。结果表明在水介质中 ,氮气保护下 ,70℃时 ,以过硫酸钾 (KPS)为引发剂 ,将丙烯酸丁酯 (BA)接枝到聚乙烯醇 (PVA)上 ,[PVA]为 2 .5× 1 0 -4mol/ L,[BA]为 0 .63 mol/ L、[KPS]为 5 .5 5× 1 0 -4时 ,反应 5 h,能获得较高 CM、G和 Ge的接枝物。接枝物的接枝率越高 ,吸水率越低 ,吸水 1 0 h达平衡 ,最大平衡吸水率为 1 88.8%。     

Synthesis and properties of acrylonitrile-CR-methyl methacrylate graft copolymer

Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto polychloroprene (CR) was carried out using benzoyl peroxide as initiator. The effects of mole ratio of AN to MMA, reaction temperature, reaction time, solvent, and initiator concentration on the graft copolymerization were examined. It was found that the thermal stability and weatherability of the AN—CR—MMA graft copolymer (ACM) were considerably better than those of CR.     

Preparation of gelatin–N-vinylpyrrolidone graft copolymer

The graft copolymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP) onto gelatin was carried out by the following four different initiator systems: AIBN, K₂S₂O₈, H₂O₂—Fe²⁺, and Ce⁴⁺—HNO₃. The last one caused the monomer to lose the double-bond and polymerization ability due to the hydrolysis of the monomer. Using α,α-azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator, the graft copolymerization of gelatin and N-vinylpyrrolidone in aqueous medium was studied systematically. The relationships between the rate of grafting and the concentration of initiator, monomer, and gelatin were established experimentally. Meanwhile, the rate equation was also derived from the proposed reaction mechanism, and it was similar to the equation previously obtained experimentally. The apparent activation energies for homopolymerization (E_h), graft copolymerization (E_g), and over all polymerization (E_p) were calculated. The graft efficiency and molecular weight of the grafted PVP were measured by hydrolyzing the backbone with hydrochloric acid. The graft copolymers Gel-g-PVP were added into the coating films, and the physical properties of the films, such as hardening ability, dimensional stability, and wetting property were investigated. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68: 1485–1492, 1998     

淀粉接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物的合成与表征

以木薯淀粉为原料、过硫酸钾为引发剂,通过乳液聚合法制备淀粉甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)接枝共聚物,系统考察了反应条件对接枝共聚物接枝率(G)、接枝效率(GE)以及环氧值(EV)的影响,并通过TG-DSC对接枝共聚物结构进行了表征。结果表明:在m(GMA)∶m(淀粉)=2,过硫酸钾浓度为6mmol/L,反应温度60℃,反应时间1h的条件下,可制得接枝率、接枝效率以及环氧值分别为:64.95%、95.57%、4.24mmol/g的接枝共聚物;接枝共聚物热稳定性比原淀粉有所提高。     

双亲性氯化聚乙烯接枝共聚物的吸水膨胀性能

采用反相悬浮法制备了颗粒状接枝共聚物———氯化聚乙烯接枝丙烯酸(CPE-g-AA)、氯化聚乙烯接枝丙烯酰胺(CPE-g-AM)和氯化聚乙烯接枝混合单体丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺[CPE-g-(AA-AM)],并通过热压法制得接枝共聚物片材。考察了颗粒状接枝共聚物和接枝共聚物片材的吸水膨胀性能。结果表明,接枝共聚物的吸水性能与接枝单体的种类及其接枝率有关,相同接枝率的CPE-g-AA的吸水量比CPE-g-AM的大。当混和单体丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺的质量比为2/2时,所得接枝共聚物的抗盐性能最好。接枝共聚物片材可反复吸水膨胀,接枝率为62%的CPE-g-AA片材的二次吸水达到平衡时的吸水率和膨胀率分别为120%和41%。通过测定接枝共聚物的接触角表明,CPE-g-AA对水的润湿作用比CPE-g-AM明显。     

羧甲基淀粉接枝共聚物降失水剂研究

以玉米淀粉为原料,对其进行碱化及醚化,将醚化中间体与AM、AA、DMDAAC进行接枝共聚.玉米淀粉羧甲基化的最佳合成条件为：40℃碱化1h,水∶淀粉=1∶1（质量比）,NaOH∶ClCH2 COOH=2.25∶1（摩尔比）,以及醚化时间为3h、温度51℃.CMS与烯类单体接枝共聚的最佳合成条件为：硝酸铈铵∶过硫酸钾=1∶1（质量比）,反应温度55℃,时间4h.接枝共聚产品的降滤失性能有所差异,当各自降滤失性能发挥至极佳时,产品的最佳合成配方也不尽相同.     

Gel permeation chromatography for characterization of graft copolymer

Summary The present paper describes the grafting of vinyl monomers onto cellulose nitrate in non-aqueous medium using benzoyl peroxide as a catalyst. The complete separation of the homopolymers and graft copolymer was carried out by selective solvent extraction. The graft copolymer was characterized by IR spectra. The GPC was used as a technique to differentiate between homopolymer, polymer mixture, polyblend, and graft copolymer.     

淀粉接枝共聚物微球的合成研究

用V(环己烷)∶V(淀粉溶液)=4∶1构成反相悬浮体系,m(Span60)∶m(Tween60)=2∶1复配为分散剂,在60℃下以K2S2O8-NaHSO3引发N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAA)与淀粉的接枝共聚,制备了淀粉接枝共聚物微球。正交实验表明,合成共聚微球的较优工艺条件为:淀粉液浓度20%,引发剂用量0.2 g,MBAA用量0.4 g,油水比为3∶1,乳化剂用量1.0 g。用SEM和粒度分析仪对微球形貌和粒度分布进行了研究,用FT-IR对其结构进行了表征,用XRD,TGA对其物性进行了分析。结果显示,共聚物微球形态圆整,平均粒径50.2μm,微球中存在酰氨基结构,与淀粉颗粒相比,结晶度降低,热稳定性提高。     

微波辐射下淀粉-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物的合成

以硝酸铈铵作为引发剂、丙烯酰胺为单体,用微波辐射法合成了淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺共聚物。探讨了反应时间、引发剂浓度、单体和淀粉质量比和反应温度等因素对接枝反应的影响。正交实验确定的最优工艺条件为:反应时间20 m in,引发剂浓度4 mmol/L,丙烯酰胺和淀粉质量比2.5∶1,反应温度55℃,最高接枝率和接枝效率分别达到211.6%和74.3%。     

接枝共聚高抗冲PVC树脂的加工性能

将AIM增韧剂与普通PVC树脂、其他助剂共混制得了共混料;将AIM乳液与普通PVC树脂进行接枝共聚制得了高抗冲PVC树脂,再与其他助剂共混制得了接枝料;比较了二者的抗冲改性效果。结果表明:接枝料的抗冲改性效果更好。     

Preparation and characteristics of dextran-methyl methacrylate graft copolymer

A graft polymer of dextran-methyl methacrylate (MMA) has been prepared using ceric nitrate. The solubility, infra-red absorption spectrum and thermal behaviour of the graft copolymer together with those of dextran and PMMA have been studied. It was found that a hot-pressed film of the copolymer not only shows better water wettability and water absorbing power than PMMA but also thrombo-resistance, and can be shaped into a transparent contact lens having an affinity for tears and blood. High resolution electron scanning microscopy shows that the surface of the contact lens has a micro-heterogeneous structure, consisting of phase separated grains of about 0.2 μm in size which are distributed uniformly.