降解乳蛋白菌株中蛋白酶基因的克隆及分析

从降解乳蛋白菌株Bacillus subtilis strain ZJ06中克隆蛋白酶基因apr,分析蛋白酶基因apr结构,预测蛋白酶性质.以PCR方法从降解乳蛋白菌株Bacillus subtilis strain ZJ06基因组中扩增一碱性蛋白酶基因apr片段,对其克隆测序;提取菌体总RNA,进行RT-PCR;地高辛随机引物法标记探针,进行菌落原住杂交.结果表明,从降解乳蛋白菌株Bacillus subtilis strain ZJ06基因组中克隆到碱性蛋白酶基因apr,ORF1146bp编码382个氨基酸,理论分子量为39 ku,信号肽长30个氨基酸,是分泌型蛋白酶,蛋白酶原352个氨基酸,成熟酶275个氨基酸,GC含量51.4%,理论分子量为27.4 ku.RT-PCR、菌落原位杂交方法证实该基因的存在与表达.     

RT-PCR法克隆柑橘皮果胶酯酶基因

试验利用RT-PCR技术将新鲜柑橘皮果胶酯酶基因克隆到pGEM T-Easy载体上,并进行了鉴定和序列测定.结果表明:该基因为克隆成功的果胶酯酶基因,全长1797bp,开放阅读框架长1785bp,共编码594个氨基酸.该序列含有PMEI和Pectinseterase两个保守序列.该序列与Coyadonga R发表的ci...     

变形假单胞菌2-酮基葡萄糖酸激酶基因的克隆、表达及生物信息学分析

采用聚合酶链式反应技术,从2-酮基葡萄糖酸工业生产菌株变形假单胞菌JUIM01中克隆2-酮基葡萄糖酸激酶的全长基因kguK,并在此基础上构建了重组菌株大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)/pET-28a(+)-kguK。在异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷的诱导下,该重组菌株表达了一个特异的分子质量约为36.0 ku融合蛋白,且该蛋白的Western-Blot鉴定结果显示为阳性。生物信息学分析结果表明,该蛋白是一种由305个氨基酸残基组成的亲水性蛋白,定位于细胞质中,存在着与pfkB家族蛋白类似的保守结构域,其二级结构中α-螺旋、延伸链和无规则卷曲所占的比例分别为35.73%、12.79%和51.48%。     

变形假单胞菌2-酮基葡萄糖酸差向异构酶基因的原核表达

采用降落聚合酶链式反应（touchdown polymerase chain reaction,TD-PCR）技术,从2-酮基葡萄糖酸工业生产菌株变形假单胞菌JUIM01中克隆了编码2-酮基葡萄糖酸差向异构酶的基因kguE。将目的基因与质粒pET-28a（＋）重组后转入宿主表达菌中,获得了重组菌株大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）/pET-28a（＋）-kguE。在异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷的诱导下,该重组菌株表达了一个分子质量约为30.5?ku的融合蛋白,且该蛋白的Western-blot鉴定结果显示为阳性。生物信息学分析结果表明,该蛋白是一种由256?个氨基酸残基组成的分子质量为28.5?ku的亲水性蛋白,与恶臭假单胞菌的2-酮基葡萄糖酸差向异构酶在氨基酸序列上的一致性达78%,定位于细胞质中,其二级结构中α-螺旋、延伸链和无规则卷曲所占的比例分别为40.62%、17.19%和42.19%。本研究结果为变形假单胞菌2-酮基葡萄糖酸差向异构酶的功能研究提供了一定理论支持。     

阿魏酸酯酶在黑曲霉中的同源表达

利用食品级黑曲霉表达系统同源表达阿魏酸酯酶是提高阿魏酸酯酶产量、降低生产成本的有效途径。利用PCR技术扩增黑曲霉阿魏酸酯酶A基因(faeA)的编码区,构建黑曲霉表达载体pSZHG-faeA,并通过农杆菌介导法转化黑曲霉。经筛选获得将faeA基因整合到糖化酶基因位点的同源重组转化子4株。在酶摇瓶发酵条件下,重组菌株培养液上清中的阿魏酸酯酶活性最高达18.6mU/mL。SDS-PAGE分析显示,4株重组菌株都有约36ku目的蛋白条带,表达量为188~262μg/mL。结果表明,实现了阿魏酸酯酶在黑曲霉中的同源表达,为食品级阿魏酸酯酶的大规模工业化生产奠定了基础。     

假单胞菌的聚-β-羟基丁酸酯聚合酶基因的克隆与表达

根据Gen Bank上公布的假单胞菌属的phb C基因设计引物。以假单胞菌UVCN18基因组DNA为模板,成功克隆了菌株假单胞菌UVCN18中的PHB聚合酶基因phb C。生物信息学方法分析表明,该基因全长1 704 bp,编码567个氨基酸。通过Blast P序列对比发现,该基因所表达的氨基酸属于PHA聚合酶家族。将获得的基因序列提交到Gen Bank,得到登录号为KT716020。采用MEGA5.1软件构建系统发育树,显示该基因编码的氨基酸序列与菌种恶臭假单胞菌所表达的氨基酸序列的同源性较高。同时构建工程菌大肠杆菌BL21-p ET-28a(+)-phb C,经IPTG诱导过量表达,表达产物进行SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析鉴定结果与PHB聚合酶分子质量63 ku理论相符合,证明实现了异源蛋白表达。     

阪崎肠杆菌α-葡萄糖苷酶基因克隆、表达及活性研究

目的:利用pET质粒原核表达体系克隆、表达阪崎肠杆菌α-葡萄糖苷酶基因,表达产物进行Ni-NTA柱纯化,利用α-葡萄糖苷酶分解4-硝基苯基-α-D-呋喃型葡萄糖的特性进行表达纯化合的蛋白活性鉴定,为进一步制备阪崎肠杆菌检测用单克隆抗体奠定了基础.方法:从阪崎肠杆菌ATCC29544标准菌株中克隆获得阪崎肠杆菌α-葡萄糖苷酶基因,连接pET22b( )表达载体后转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株,利用不同浓度的异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达外源基因,分别检测不同诱导时间、不同浓度IPTG作用下表达产物,筛选高表达菌株.表达菌株大量培养后,超声波及蛋白酶K作用破菌,Ni-NTA亲和柱纯化目的蛋白,纯化产物进行酶活性的测定.结果:克隆获得的α-葡萄糖苷酶基因与NCBI收录的基因序列属等位基因,核苷酸位点有多处差异,氨基酸序列也有不同.构建表达载体并诱导表达后,十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)检测,目标蛋白相对分子质量约为65kD,与理论值相符.目标蛋白量约占菌体总蛋白量的18%.同时,由纯化结果可以看出,以500mmol/L咪唑洗脱时的纯化效果最理想,蛋白纯度可达90%以上.对表达产物进行过酶活性初步检测证重组的阪崎肠杆菌α-葡萄糖苷酶能够分解4-硝基苯基-α-D-呋喃型葡萄糖,产生蓝绿色.结论:本研究中克隆获得了阪崎肠杆菌α-葡萄糖苷酶基因,通过构建pET22b( )-Glu表达质粒转化大肠杆菌可获得基因重组的高表达菌株,表达产物具有较好的酶活性,纯化后纯度可达90%以上.     

门多萨假单胞菌Pseudomonas mendocina P10脂肪酶基因的克隆及其在酵母中的表达

采用同源克隆法获得了门多萨假单胞菌Pseudomonas mendocina P10脂肪酶基因的全长序列,DNA测序结果表明,该基因的DNA全长序列为801bp,编码267个氨基酸,推测蛋白相对分子量为29.95ku.将该脂肪酶基因连接到pPICZαA载体上得到重组表达质粒,转化Pichia pastoris X-33.脂肪酶基因在Pichia pasttoris X-33中实现了分泌性表达,摇瓶发酵液上清酶活最大可达8U/mL.     

鸡蛋主要过敏原Gal d 3基因的克降、表达、纯化及免疫学鉴定

目的:克隆表达鸡蛋主要过敏原Gal d 3基因并柃验其免疫活性.方法:提取鸡蛋的总RNA,采用RT-PCR方法扩增出目的基因片段,将其克隆入T载体中进行测序和分析.设计带有酶切位点的特异性引物,采用RT-PCR获得整个短的开放阅读框并将目的基因克隆到大肠杆菌表达载体pET-28a中进行诱导表达.通过Ni2+亲和层析柱对重组蛋白进行纯化,采用免疫印迹(Western blotting)方法检测其IgE结合活性.结果:克隆获得了鸡蛋主要过敏原Gal d 3.基因开放阅读框为2118个碱基(包括终止密码子),编码705个氨基酸.该序列编码的蛋白等电点为6.5,相对分子质量约为76000.表达产物经亲和层析纯化,用Western blotting方法检测免疫学活性,目的蛋白具有良好的免疫原性.结论:成功地克隆和表达了鸡蛋主要变应原Gal d 3基因,该蛋白具有良好的免疫原性.     

几丁质结合蛋白基因克隆、表达与纯化

该研究通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法从假交替单胞菌属（Pseudoalteromonas sp.）DL-6菌株中成功克隆了几丁质结合蛋白基因。PCR测序结果表明,该基因全长1 596 bp,编码531个氨基酸,其理论分子质量为58.517 ku,等电点（pI）4.35,命名为CBP58（GenBank登录号KF234016）。结构域分析结果表明,该蛋白包括1个33家族碳水化合物结合模块（CBM）,2个类型3几丁质结合域（ChtBDs）;用Insight II 2005软件以同源建模的方法构建CBP58蛋白CBM33结构域的三维结构模型,Ramachandram图谱检测和三维结构评估显示模型结构合理,整体相容性较为可信;将CBP58基因构建到pET23b载体,并转化至大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）BL21（DE3）中诱导表达;利用镍柱亲和层析纯化获得重组蛋白。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）检测显示目的蛋白可溶表达,为后期几丁质结合蛋白（CBP）的生化性质表征奠定理论基础。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the