微波辅助合成食品抗氧化剂没食子酸丙酯

以没食子酸和正丙醇为原料,硫酸氢钠为催化剂,采用微波辐射成功合成了没食子酸丙酯。通过熔点测定、红外光谱分析和元素分析对产品进行结构表征;通过单因素考察了没食子酸和正丙醇的物质的量比、催化剂的用量、微波时间、微波功率等因素对反应的影响,在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交试验法优化确定了最佳合成条件,结果表明最佳反应条件为:没食子酸用量为0.025mol,没食子酸与正丙醇的物质的量比为1∶15,催化剂量为3g,微波功率为500W,微波时间为45min,不加带水剂,在此条件下,没食子酸丙酯的收率可达82.58%。实验证明硫酸氢钠具有较好的催化活性和重复使用性能;与热催化酯化反应相比,微波辐射可缩短反应时间,降低能耗。该方法实现了绿色合成食品抗氧化剂没食子酸丙酯。     

微波辐射离子液体催化合成乙酸环己酯

利用微波辐射加热法,以乙酸与环己醇为原料,离子液体为催化剂,合成乙酸环己酯。考察微波功率、加热时间、催化剂用量、酸醇物质的量比等因素对反应的影响。通过响应面分析法得出合成乙酸环己酯的最佳工艺条件是:微波功率625W,加热时间25min,离子液体量4%,n(酸)∶n(醇)=1∶1.5。此条件下乙酸环己酯的产率为92.3%,该结果与模型预测值基本相符。     

微波辐射下活性炭负载磷钨酸催化合成没食子酸正丁酯

采用微波辐射方法,以没食子酸和正丁醇为原料,活性炭负载磷钨酸为催化剂合成没食子酸正丁酯(BG),研究了不同磷钨酸负载量的催化剂的催化性能和催化剂的循环利用催化性能,并考察了微波辐射功率、催化剂用量、酸醇摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间对BG产率的影响。通过单因素实验及响应面法优化BG合成工艺条件,对产物进行了红外光谱表征。结果表明:负载量26.89%的催化剂催化性能较好,催化剂可多次重复使用; BG合成最佳工艺条件为没食子酸用量0.05 mol、微波辐射功率400 W、催化剂用量1.02 g(磷钨酸的负载量为26.89%)、酸醇摩尔比1∶11、反应温度127℃、反应时间34 min,在此条件下BG产率可达89.96%;红外光谱表征结果表明所得产物为没食子酸正丁酯。     

响应面法优化微波条件下三羟甲基丙烷脂肪酸酯的合成工艺

以三羟甲基丙烷和油酸为原料,对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,探讨了反应时间、反应温度、微波功率、酸醇摩尔比、催化剂用量等因素对三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯酯化率的影响.通过Design-Expert 7.1 软件中的响应面法对反应条件进行优化,确定最佳合成条件为:反应时间16.08 min,反应温度111.75 ℃,催化剂用量3.04%,酸醇摩尔比3∶1,微波功率637 W,在此条件下三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯的酯化率达到84.40%.在上述的最优条件下,分别合成三羟甲基丙烷月桂酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷豆蔻酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷癸酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷辛酸酯,其酯化率分别为80.97%、87.03%、80.73%和81.24%.     

硝酸钇绿色催化合成乙酸苄酯的研究

以硝酸钇为催化剂,冰乙酸和苯甲醇为原料合成乙酸苄酯进行了研究。重点考察了催化剂用量、酸醇物质的量比、反应时间、带水剂种类及催化剂重复使用性对乙酸苄酯收率的影响。实验结果表明,硝酸钇对合成乙酸苄酯有着良好的催化活性,当催化剂用量为苯甲醇用量的1.5%(摩尔百分比),乙酸和苯甲醇的摩尔比为1.2∶1.0,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间为2.0h,乙酸苄酯收率可达93.2%,且催化剂重复使用多次后仍保持较高活性。与以浓硫酸为催化剂合成乙酸苄酯的传统工艺所存在设备腐蚀严重、后处理工艺复杂、污染环境等缺点相比,以硝酸钇为催化剂合成乙酸苄酯的工艺具有操作简单,产率较高,对环境友好且催化剂经简单分离可回收并多次重复使用的优点。     

TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化合成抗氧化剂没食子酸异戊酯的研究

以TiSiW12O40/TiO2作为催化剂,用没食子酸与异戊醇直接酯化合成了食品抗氧化剂没食子酸异戊酯。通过正交试验研究了影响没食子酸异戊酯收率的主要因素,得到了最佳实验条件为:醇酸物质的量比为10∶1,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的3%,反应时间为3h,没食子酸异戊酯的收率可达95.6%,考察了该催化剂的重复使用性。抗氧化性能测试结果表明,没食子酸异戊酯具有优良的抗氧化性能。     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成棕榈酸甲酯

以强酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂催化合成棕榈酸甲酯,考察了树脂类型、酸醇物质的量比、反应温度、催化剂用量、脱水剂无水CaCl₂用量、反应时间和催化剂重复使用次数对棕榈酸转化率的影响。结果表明：NKC-9型树脂催化合成棕榈酸甲酯的效果较好;NKC-9型树脂催化反应的最佳条件为：酸醇物质的量比1∶2,反应温度70℃,催化剂用量50%（占棕榈酸质量）,脱水剂无水CaCl₂用量10%（占催化剂质量）,反应时间3 h;在反应的最佳条件下,棕榈酸转化率可达95.36%;催化剂重复使用6次后棕榈酸转化率仍保持在90%以上。     

硫酸高铈催化合成苹果酯-A的研究

以硫酸高铈为催化剂,通过乙酰乙酸乙酯和乙二醇反应合成了苹果酯,研究了各有关因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明,硫酸高铈是合成苹果酯的良好催化剂,在酯醇物质的量比为1∶1.2,催化剂用量为0.3g/0.1mol乙酰乙酸乙酯,环己烷8mL,反应时间2h的条件下,苹果酯的收率可达93.1%。     

新型香料苹果酯-B的合成

以硫酸高铈为催化剂,通过乙酰乙酸乙酯和1,2-丙二醇反应合成了苹果酯-B,研究了各有关因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明,硫酸高铈是合成苹果酯-B的良好催化剂,在酯醇物质的量比为1∶1.25、催化剂用量为0.3g/0.1mol乙酰乙酸乙酯、环己烷10mL、反应时间2h的条件下,苹果酯-B的收率可达91.5%。     

微波协同功能化酸性离子液体催化制备生物柴油工艺研究

通过两步法合成了功能化酸性离子液体[HSO_3-pPy]HSO_4,在微波协同条件下,以其作为酯交换反应的催化剂,催化制备生物柴油研究。采用单因素试验,考察了微波功率、醇油摩尔比、离子液体[HSO_3-pPy]HSO_4用量、反应温度和时间对生物柴油收率的影响。结果表明,生物柴油的最佳制备工艺条件为微波功率400 W、醇油摩尔比12∶1、催化剂[HSO_3-pPy]HSO_4用量5%、反应温度70℃、反应时间45 min,在最佳制备工艺条件下,生物柴油收率可达95.1%。同时,考察了催化剂[HSO_3-pPy]HSO_4的重复使用性能,重复使用6次后,催化剂的催化活性没有明显降低。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the