四川传统泡菜中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及抗氧化评估

四川泡菜中含有丰富具有抗氧化能力的乳酸菌,为评估其抗氧化活性,本研究以2,2′-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(ABTS)自由基清除能力、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除能力、亚铁离子螯合能力为指标,探究了从泡菜中分离出来的6株乳酸菌的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,16S rDNA基因序列鉴定的6株菌均为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum),6株乳酸菌在ABTS~+和DPPH自由基清除、亚铁离子螯合方面均具有一定的作用,其中发酵上清液组菌株SPC-3-1、SPC-1-3、SPC-3-1,完整细胞组菌株SPC-1-1、SPC-3-1、SPC-1-4,无细胞提取物组SPC-3-1、SPC-3-1、SPC-1-3分别在ABTS~+自由基清除能力、DPPH自由基清除能力、亚铁离子螯合能力中最高,分别为89.33%±1.27%、71.88%±0.16%、38.58%±0.85%、15.49%±3.78%、18.65%±1.49%、91.56%±1.73%、14.33%±0.50%、21.06%±1.14%和90.40%±4.58%。在6株植物乳杆菌对ABTS~+和DPPH自由基清除作用中,发酵上清液组的清除率均高于完整细胞组和无细胞提取物组,而在对亚铁离子的螯合能力中,完整细胞组和无细胞提取物组的螯合能力大于发酵上清液组。     

新疆传统乳品中乳酸菌的抗氧化能力

实验用菌为从新疆传统乳制品酸奶和干酪中分离出的7株乳酸菌,分别是乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)1株、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)3株、耐久肠球菌(Enterococcus durans)1株、魏斯氏菌(Weissella cibaria)1株和面包乳杆菌(Lactobacillus panis)1株。对其清除DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基、还原能力以及亚铁离子螯合能力进行了研究。结果表明:7株乳酸菌具有不同的抗氧化能力,其中植物乳杆菌亚铁离子螯合能力最强,乳酸片球菌超氧阴离子自由基清除能力相对较高,魏斯氏菌的DPPH自由基清除能力较强,面包乳杆菌的羟自由基清除能力和还原能力最强。     

新疆熏马肠中具有较高抗氧化活性乳酸菌的筛选鉴定

通过对从熏马肠中分离出的6株乳酸菌的完整细胞和无细胞提取物进行清除DPPH自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子,螯合铁离子,还原能力,抗脂质过氧化等抗氧化活性测定实验来获得具有较高抗氧化活性的乳酸菌。结果表明:6株乳酸菌的抗氧化能力存在差异,完整细胞的抗氧化活性显著高于无细胞提取物(P0.05),其中X_(31)的清除DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子,螯合铁离子,抗脂质过氧化能力显著高于其他菌株(P0.05);X_(11)的清除羟自由基、还原能力显著高于其他菌株(P0.05),综合比较X_(31)和X_(11)具有较高抗氧化活性。再利用生理生化实验和16S rDNA序列比对的方法对其进行鉴定,表明X_(31)、X_(11)均为戊糖片球菌。     

10株乳酸杆菌吸附铅离子及抗氧化能力的比较

为了筛选出高吸附铅离子且具高抗氧化能力的菌株,本文对10株乳杆菌进行了铅离子吸附研究,以DPPH·清除力、还原能力、羟自由基清除及抗脂质过氧化能力为指标进行了体外抗氧化能力的评定。结果表明:不同乳杆菌之间的清除铅离子能力不同,抗氧化能力也不相同,其中德式乳杆菌保加利亚亚种KLDS1.0207具有高吸附铅离子和高抗氧化能力,该菌株铅离子去除率达79.18%,还原能力达99.00μmol/L的半胱氨酸当量,DPPH·清除率为50.40%,羟自由基清除率26.88%,抗脂质过氧化能力达15.62%。此菌株可用于体内缓解铅中毒造成的氧化损伤的研究。     

4 种乳酸菌体外抗氧化能力的比较研究

通过抗脂质过氧化、清除DPPH自由基、清除超氧阴离子自由基(O2－ ·)、还原力、清除羟自由基实验对发酵乳杆菌、乳酸乳球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和瑞士乳杆菌4种乳酸菌发酵上清液和胞内提取物的抗氧化能力进行研究。结果表明：4种乳酸菌的具有不同的抗氧化能力,其中瑞士乳杆菌的羟自由基清除能力、DPPH自由基清除能力和还原能力相对较高,乳酸乳球菌和嗜酸乳杆菌清除O2－ ·能力相对较强,发酵乳杆菌抗脂质过氧化能力为最强。实验还初步研究乳酸菌的抗氧化机理,显示乳酸菌存在SOD和GSH-Px,这可能与乳酸菌的抗氧化作用有一定相关性。     

藏灵菇酸乳的抗氧化性研究

通过对清除DPPH自由基活性、脂质过氧化抑制活性、亚铁离子的螯合能力和还原能力等试验测定了藏灵菇酸乳的抗氧化性,并与用商业乳酸菌发酵剂发酵制得的酸乳及普通脱脂乳进行抗氧化性对比。结果表明:藏灵菇酸乳在DPPH自由基的最大清除率的能力、对亚油酸过氧化抑制能力和对亚铁离子的最大螯合能力分别达到了87.99%±2.41%、87.75%±1.64%、20.70%±0.65%,均大于商业乳酸菌发酵剂发酵制得的酸乳及普通脱脂乳。证明藏灵菇酸乳与同类产品比较具有较强的抗氧化性。     

6株人源乳酸菌体外抗氧化活性的比较

本文对分离自江苏如皋长寿村人群肠道的6株乳酸菌体外抗氧化活性进行了研究。测定了6株菌对过氧化氢耐受能力、不同组分对羟自由基、DPPH自由基清除能力、还原能力、抗脂质过氧化能力及T-SOD和GSH-Px活性,结果表明:6株菌中,发酵乳杆菌L2、L4,屎肠球菌E2对1.0 mM H2O2耐受能力较强。6株菌不同组分均具有一定的抗氧化活性,发酵上清液的抗氧化活性总体要优于菌体和胞内提取物。其中,L2发酵上清液羟自由基清除能力和T-SOD活性最强;E2发酵上清液DPPH自由基清除能力和GSH-Px活性最高;发酵乳杆菌L1发酵上清液还原能力最高;干酪乳杆菌L3发酵上清液抗脂质过氧化能力最强。测定结果表明这6株菌总体抗氧化能力较好,具有潜在的应用价值。     

1株具有潜在降糖作用的益生菌的筛选

以鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactocobacillus rhamnosus)GG为阳性对照菌株,研究了本实验室保藏的7株乳酸菌的α-葡萄糖苷酶酶活的抑制能力、抗氧化能力及其基本的益生特性。采用主成分分析方法做总体评价,以期获得具有潜在降糖作用的益生菌。研究发现干酪乳杆菌(L.casei)CCFM0412具有较好的α-葡萄糖苷酶酶活的抑制率(29.61%)及较高的抗氧化能力,如:完整细胞对DPPH的清除率为22.56%,对羟自由基的清除率为16.77%,显著高于鼠李糖乳杆菌GG(P0.05);细胞提取物对脂质过氧化的最高抑制率为25.35%。主成分分析表明干酪乳杆菌CCFM0412的综合能力与对照菌株鼠李糖乳杆菌GG最接近,具有潜在的降糖作用。     

几种体外评价乳酸菌无细胞提取物抗氧化活性方法的比较研究

乳酸菌的抗氧化活性与其对人体的健康促进作用密切相关。本研究以DPPH自由基清除能力、羟自由基清除能力、还原活性等为体外抗氧化能力评价指标,对17株不同来源乳酸菌的无细胞提取物抗氧化能力进行评价,并对评价结果进行了比较和筛选,然后进一步研究了抗氧化活性强和低的菌株的抗氧化酶活性。结果显示不同来源乳酸菌的无细胞提取物抗氧化活性存在种间和种内差异,而3种体外化学方法具有显著相关性(p0.01)。3种评价指标均显示嗜酸乳杆菌CCFM8具有很强的抗氧化活性,发酵乳杆菌CCFM381抗氧化活性最弱。进一步乳酸菌无细胞提取物抗氧化酶活性的测定结果也与上述3种体外抗氧化能力评价指标的综合结果具有很好的一致性。该研究为综合评价乳酸菌抗氧化能力以及体外筛选具有高抗氧化活性的乳酸菌提供了可靠的参考依据。     

抗氧化活性乳酸菌的筛选

为得到高抗氧化性功能的益生乳酸菌,从四川、新疆等地自然发酵泡菜样品中筛选得到8株具有良好过氧化氢耐受性的菌株,通过无菌体细胞发酵液和完整细胞菌悬液的清除DPPH自由基、清除O2-·自由基、抗脂质过氧化能力以及GSH-Px活性试验,发现5株具有较高的体外抗氧化活性的乳酸菌。通过酵母细胞存活模型试验进一步筛选,得到对酵母细胞保护作用较强的AR247、AR281和AR308,其无菌体细胞发酵液加入后,酵母存活率提高为原来的3~4倍。经16S r DNA鉴定其分别为短乳杆菌、短乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the