基于CUDA的声辐射力弹性成像算法研究

声辐射力弹性成像是一种新的测量组织硬度的超声成像方法。不同于其他超声组织弹性成像方法,声辐射力弹性成像能够定量测量组织的弹性模量数值,并且具有对操作者经验依赖性低的特点。然而,由于成像算法数据处理量大,运算时间长,声辐射力弹性成像还无法进行准实时的二维成像。为了获得实时的二维声辐射力弹性图像,提出并实现了一种适合于在GPU上并行计算的声辐射力弹性成像算法。通过与运行在CPU上的原始声辐射力弹性成像算法进行对比,证明在GPU上实现的算法大幅度地提高了运算速度。在自制弹性仿体上,比较了基于GPU和CPU两种算法所成的二维弹性分布图像的质量,结果证明两者的图像质量没有明显差异。     

超声声辐射力弹性成像中基于拉东变换的剪切波速度估计方法的改进研究

能够无创定量测量人体组织弹性模量的声辐射力脉冲超声弹性成像方法,已经逐渐成为进行肝硬化分期和乳腺癌良恶性判别等临床诊断的重要工具。但是,在临床实践中也发现,弹性模量测量的稳定性会受到测量深度和组织各向异性等多种因素的影响。因此,如何通过算法的改进提高声辐射力脉冲超声弹性成像测量结果的可靠性,一直是该领域所关注的重要课题之一。文章对现有的基于拉东变换的剪切波速度估计算法进行了多种方式的改进,并利用自主研发的声辐射力定量超声弹性成像系统所采集的超声射频数据,对几种方法得出的剪切波速度测量结果进行了比较。这些改进算法可以被分为两类：(I)在以“时间-侧向位置”为坐标的位移矩阵上进行拉东变换;(II)在以“时间-深度”为坐标的位移矩阵上进拉东变换。第一类算法试图找到在某一个特定深度上剪切波侧向传播的最佳拟合轨迹,而第二类算法则试图直接找到在整个测量深度范围内,剪切波波前通过每个侧向位置的准确时间点。文章在标准弹性仿体和离体猪肉组织样本上进行了测量实验,比较了在不同深度位置上重复测量结果的可靠性,以及这些算法的耗时情况。实验结果将有助于我们找到一种兼顾测量稳定性和计算速度的新型剪切波速度估计算法,并将其应用到声辐射力脉冲超声弹性成像中,提高其测量结果的可靠性和在临床应用中的价值。     

基于迭代p阈值算法压缩感知磁共振成像重构

从优化网络结构出发,在基于迭代软阈值网络的压缩感知磁共振成像深度网络基础上,加入由p阈值函数组成的优化模块,进一步优化软阈值函数,以抑制噪声,减少重建误差,从而提高重建质量。上述算法结合了压缩感知磁共振重建和深度学习的优势,所有参数都是端到端学习得到的,既具有很好的理论可解释性,又具有良好的网络泛化能力。对上述算法与其它算法进行对比,仿真结果表明,所提算法提高了磁共振成像的重建精度,特别对于结构复杂的磁共振图像重建效果更好。     

阿尔茨海默氏症研究中的磁共振成像数据分析

首先综述了当前结构磁共振成像、功能磁共振成像和扩散张量磁共振成像3种技术在阿尔茨海默氏症研究中的现状;其次介绍和分析了上述3种磁共振成像数据的主要处理方法;最后介绍了基于阿尔茨海默氏症的神经影像数据库及其诊断平台的建设状况.另外,也提到了此课题在该领域的一些研究进展.     

基于正则化迭代的并行磁共振图像重建算法

为了解决并行磁共振成像过程的病态性和图像信噪比下降问题,降低重建过程中噪声放大和异常值的干扰造成的图像信噪比的损失,提出了一种基于正则化共轭梯度迭代的并行磁共振成像重建算法;该算法基于最小二乘理论,引入正则化,优化方程,进而进行迭代重建;采用了不同加速因子的人脑磁共振K空间欠采样数据以验证该算法的重建性能,仿真结果表明了该算法相较于最小二乘法,能较大限度地降低噪声对重建结果的干扰,具有信噪比更高、误差更小、成像效果更好等特征;重建图像质量得到了较好的改善,对临床诊断更具有适用性。     

基于JACKET的超声弹性成像算法并行实现简

针对超声弹性成像系统在医学诊断中的广泛应用,为了提高超声弹性成像算法的计算速度,提出采用GPU加速基于互相关算法的弹性成像技术。首先分析采用这种技术的可能性,然后通过GPU开发工具中的JACKET来实现互相关算法的并行计算,实现超声弹性成像技术。最后通过实验数据证明该方法在处理单帧弹性图条件下,能大幅提升图形计算的能力。与传统的互相关方法比较,具有25倍的加速比。     

基于JACKET的超声弹性成像算法并行实现

针对超声弹性成像系统在医学诊断中的广泛应用,为了提高超声弹性成像算法的计算速度,提出采用GPU加速基于互相关算法的弹性成像技术。首先分析采用这种技术的可能性,然后通过GPU开发工具中的JACKET来实现互相关算法的并行计算,实现超声弹性成像技术。最后通过实验数据证明该方法在处理单帧弹性图条件下,能大幅提升图形计算的能力。与传统的互相关方法比较,具有25倍的加速比。     

超声瞬时弹性成像算法与系统设计

超声瞬时弹性成像技术具有无创、无痛、定量、实时及重复性好等优势,适用于肝纤维化分期诊断,具有重要的临床应用价值。本文以超声瞬时弹性成像系统设计为研究出发点,提出在基于射频信号的时域互相关算法基础上,采用抛物线插值算法提取亚采样信息,提高位移场的估算精度;设计了剪切波匹配滤波器,以减弱低频振荡器对位移场造成的干扰,从而提高了应变估计质量,增强了剪切波速度估算的可靠性与准确性;设计了针对瞬时弹性成像系统的时间增益补偿(TGC)电路,以降低声信号衰减带来的影响,提高信号的信噪比;给出了一种聚丙烯酰胺凝胶生物仿体的制备方法,并采用机械压痕测试对仿体进行标定,将标定结果与瞬时弹性成像系统的检测结果进行了对比,对比结果显示出良好的一致性。生物仿体实验和健康人体肝脏的弹性测量结果也验证了提出的位移估计算法、匹配滤波器及TGC电路的优越性。     

超声弹性成像中零相位算法与互相关算法比较

超声弹性成像技术的基本思想就是从超声信号中获取生物组织的硬度/弹性信息并进行成像。超声弹性成像中,生物组织的位移估计是估算应变的关键。介绍两种位移估计的算法：零相位算法与互相关算法。并从时间,准确度上来对比两种算法,哪种在获取位移值上效果更佳。     

一种超声弹性成像奇异点修正算法

位移图成像是超声弹性成像算法中一个非常关键的步骤。目前对于弹性成像的研究大多关注在位移图的成像过程和成像速度,而对于位移图中常出现的奇异点等噪点的修复,一直提及较少。简单介绍弹性成像的基本原理．并重点针对位移图中出现的奇异点提出一种修正算法。该算法能有效地修复位移图中的奇异点,具有高效和针对性强的特点。作为一种后处理算法,该算法可以运用于不同的弹性成像算法中,具有较高的使用价值。     

Finite element dynamic analysis of anisotropic elastic solids with voids

The paper is concerned with dynamic problems of the linear theory of elasticity for anisotropic porous materials according to the Cowin–Nunziato model. In order to take into account the structural damping in elastic media, a new attenuation model which extends the Rayleigh models is used. A set of new finite element schemes is proposed for finding numerical solutions of transient, harmonic, modal and static problems in the context of elastic media with voids. Three-dimensional, plane (plane stress and plane strain) and axisymmetric problems are considered.     

Source time reversal (STR) method for linear elasticity

We study the problem of source reconstruction for a linear elasticity problem applied to seismicity induced by mining. We assume the source is written as a variable separable function $\mathit{f}\left(\mathit{x}\right)g\left(t\right)$. We first present a simple proof a local decay result for elasticity in the case of homogeneous media. We then extend the source time reversal method, originally developed for acoustic waves, to an elastic system of waves. Additionally, we present a fast reconstruction implementation for large data sets. This is especially useful in the elastic case, in which the numerical cost is higher than in fluid acoustics. We complement this work with several 2D and 3D numerical experiments and an analysis of the results.     

基于卡尔曼滤波的谐波检测分析

针对日益严重且复杂的电网谐波问题,提出了一种基于卡尔曼滤波的谐波检测方法.阐述了卡尔曼滤波器的跟踪估计原理,并建立了基于卡尔曼滤波器谐波分析的数值模型,结合Matlab仿真平台对算法检测稳态谐波和暂态谐波信号的性能进行了分析.通过对比研究表明该算法在准确度、快速性、暂态谐波分析等方面均优于快速傅里叶变换(FFT),仿真和试验结果表明该算法在分析复杂的电网电能质量事件中具有较高的实用性.     

弹性支撑浅拱的非线性动力行为分析

本文研究了两端转角均为转动弹簧支撑的铰支浅拱在外激励作用下的非线性动力学行为.基于弹性支撑浅拱的基本动力控制方程,采用多尺度法对内共振进行了摄动分析,并得到了极坐标形式的平均方程.弹性约束的刚度通过特征方程影响结构的自振频率和模态,且与平均方程的相关系数一一对应,文中还以最低两阶模态之间1:1内共振为对象进行了数值分析.结果显示系统存在模态交叉与转向两种内共振形式,另一方面结构参数处于某一范围之内时外激励激发的模态作用可导致出现准周期运动和混沌运动.     

Joint‐analysis of performance and energy consumption when enabling cloud elasticity for synchronous HPC applications

A key characteristic of cloud computing is elasticity, automatically adjusting system resources to an application's workload. Both reactive and horizontal approaches represent traditional means to offer this capability, in which rule‐condition‐action statements and upper and lower thresholds occur to instantiate or consolidate compute nodes and virtual machines. Although elasticity can be beneficial for many HPC (high‐performance computing) scenarios, it also imposes significant challenges in the development of applications. In addition to issues related to how we can incorporate this new feature in such applications, there is a problem associated with the performance and resource pair and, consequently, with energy consumption. Further exploring this last difficulty, we must be capable of analyzing elasticity effectiveness as a function of employed thresholds with clear metrics to compare elastic and non‐elastic executions properly. In this context, this article explores elasticity metrics in two ways: (i) the use of a cost function that combines application time with different energy models; (ii) the extension of speedup and efficiency metrics, commonly used to evaluate parallel systems, to cover cloud elasticity. To accomplish (i) and (ii), we developed an elasticity model known as AutoElastic, which reorganizes resources automatically across synchronous parallel applications. The results, obtained with the AutoElastic prototype using the OpenNebula middleware, are encouraging. Considering a CPU‐bound application, an upper threshold close to 70% was the best option for obtaining good performance with a non‐prohibitive elasticity cost. In addition, the value of 90% for this threshold was the best option when we plan an efficiency‐driven execution. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Robust method for identifying material parameters based on virtual fields in elastodynamics

We develop an inverse method with the purpose of extracting elastic properties of materials in the framework of transient dynamics. To this end, we create a small linear system based on a set of well-chosen time-dependent virtual fields (VF) and measurement data. The parameters are the solutions of this system and can be quickly extracted. We compare this new method with the classical finite element model updating (FEMU) method for different case studies. In our study, the measurements are synthetic, i.e, they are calculated using a fine finite element (FE) model. Uniform white noise is added to model measurement uncertainties. Results, based on Monte Carlo simulations, show that our method is more robust and accurate than the FEMU method for an acceptable noise level. Our new method appears well-adapted to linear elasticity in transient dynamics.     

Parameter-Free Elastic Deformation Approach for 2D and 3D Registration Using Prescribed Displacements

A parameter-free approach for non-rigid image registration based on elasticity theory is presented. In contrast to traditional physically-based numerical registration methods, no forces have to be computed from image data to drive the elastic deformation. Instead, displacements obtained with the help of mapping boundary structures in the source and target image are incorporated as hard constraints into elastic image deformation. As a consequence, our approach does not contain any parameters of the deformation model such as elastic constants. The approach guarantees the exact correspondence of boundary structures in the images assuming that correct input data are available. The implemented incremental method allows to cope with large deformations. The theoretical background, the finite element discretization of the elastic model, and experimental results for 2D and 3D synthetic as well as real medical images are presented.     

On one type of finite element simulation in dynamic elasticity

The aim of the present paper is to generalize the finite element approximation for numerical simulation of special types of problems in the dynamic theory of elasticity, described by the two-dimensional mixed boundary value problems, and to demonstrate the property of their numerical solution. Physically the problems describe propagation of elastic waves, generated by a harmonic line source, in a nonhomogeneous anisotropic media. The existence and unicity of the weak solution as well as of the finite element approximation is proved. Convergence of the method is proved for any regular family of triangulations.